INrnnnrrroNar.

Upo
REpoRTnn

Editor:
JeromeClark

AssociateEditor:
Nancy Clark

ConsultingEditor:
RichardHall

Contributing Editors:
Bill Chalker

./ fzt^4,-(
GeorgeM. Eberhart
Richard F. Ilaines
JennyRandles
V rsro-re86
Mark Rodeghier
Chris Rutkowski /
JennieZeidman

Artist:
Don Schmitt

EDITORIAL:Trivial pursuit

Debunking,Sovielslyle by PaulStonehill
.....-.............- 15
Harveslingusefuldatatrom crop circles by Chrisqutkowski..................... 16
Airships: 20

International UFO Reporrar (SSN,0720-174X) is published
bimonthly by dre J. Allen Hgrek Center for UFO Studies,2457
West Peterson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60659. All righb
reserved. Reproduction without permission is strictly prohib-
ited. Copyright@ 1991 by the J. AUen H)mek Center for UFO
Studies. Third class postage paid at Glenview, Illinois.
Address all editorial corresponderrce to Inlenational
UFO Reporter, Jerone Cl6rk, edito\2457 West Peterson
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60659.
Address all subscription correspondence to Intematioral UFO
Reporter,2457 West Petelson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
60659.
The l^tenntional UFO Reporter rs a.benefir publication
mailed to Associates of the Center for a contribution of $25.00
or more. Foreign Associates add $5-00 for delivery. All
amounts in U.S. frmds. Other publications also available for
contibutors of larger anounts. For details, write to the
J. Allcn Hynek Center for UFO Studics, 2457 West Peterson
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60659, USA. Postmaster: Send
Form 35?9 io CUFOS, 2457 West Peterson Avenue, Chicago,
Illinois 60659.

2 IUR March/April1991
I rememberBlueBook
by JennieZeidman
I r Jennie Zeidman,author of ,4 Heltcopter-UFoEn-
counter Over Ohio (1979),is a CUFOSboard member
and a contributingeditorto ,UF.
he darkrecesses of theCUFOSarchiveshave
yieldedup a papertltledReportto Storkon Blue
BookLlenry.ThebyJine is my own; the dateis
August1953.
The documentis a compendiumof 148"FLYOB-
RPIS" (flying object reports)and their cursory analyses
astheypassedfrom the Air TechnicalInteligenceCenter
(ATIC)thrcughthe handsof J. Allen Hynek(andme)
betweenJanuaryandJuly 1953.(Seeillustrations1 and2
for examples.)The reportalsosummarizes correspon-
dencewith the 35 amateurasftonomicalsocieties,19
GroundObserverCorpsFilter Centers,and48 CAA (now
FAA) Control Towers which were contactedwith the
objective that they would or could provide corroborating
(or disconfirming)informationfor lhe official reports,
specificallywith regardto phenomena suchasbright
meteorsfireballs,normalaircraft,or meteorological
phenomena.
The reportitself is of litde import.The Air Force
favoredastronomicalanswers,andHynekwasableto
provide many from the selectedraw reportspresentedfor
his analysis.(Seebar gaph.) The extremelyhigh number
of unknowns(22 percent)andcasesof insufficientdata
(another10.8percent)reflectnot so muchthe high
strangeness of the informationpresented astheinade-
quacyof thereportingmechanism. Oneparagaphof
teletypedtidbils was supposedto provide enoughinfor-
mation for a justified, probable,or at leastpossibleidenti-
fication.Of courseit couldn'tbe done.I don't recallour
criteriafor differentiationbetween"unknowns"and
"insufficientdata."The only certaintyI canseein
perusingthis reportis thatVenuswasin eastemelonga-
tion duing thattime periodandthatlots of people,even
thosefrom collegephysicsdepartrnents, couldn'tidentify
it.
Of greaterinterestthan the report may be some
associated memoriesof thoseheadytimes:theconvolu-
tionsof fundingof UFo research,thedesperate emphasis
on hush-hush amidan environment of ludicrouslyslip-
shodsecurity,andthe unfoldingmysteryof where
Hynek'sconsultancyto the Air Forceon ProjectBlue
Bookreallyfit into the largerschemeof the UFo hierar-
chy. Enlighteningdiscussions of thesemattersappearin
Hynek'sTheHynekUFO Report(1977)andDavid M.
J^cobs'TheUFO Conroversyin Amcrica(1915)-T\e
rcmarksthatfollow rcflectmy personalinvolvementand
interpretations
asHynek'sassistant betwccn1953and
1956.
ProjectStork
Let us stanwith ProjectStork.I doubt,38 yearslater,
thatI'll ruffle any featherswith thatname.Heaven
knows,it's beenmentionedin print, andfrom time to
timeI've comeacrosspersons(theremusthavebeen
thousands of us.worldwide)who workedon various
phasesof it. The fact is thatthemissionof Storkwasto
ascertainthecapabilityof the SovietUnion to cngagein
technologicalwarfare.The specific inl.erestfor our
purposeis that the group at Battelle Memorial Institute
whichproducedthe (in)famousProjectBlue Book
SpecialReport14 wasassociated with hoject Stork.
Okay,let's not beataroundthebush.SpecialReportI4
wasa productof ProjertStork.
DoosthatmsanthatthegovcmmentthoughtUFOS
mightbe Soviettechnology? Or doesit meanthatthe
governmentalreadyknew (hve yearsafter the Roswell
incident) what UFOSrepresented,wantedto seewhat the
Storkstatisticians cameup with, andthenmadesurethat
the "analysis"met with govemment"standards"? (Shades
of theCondonCommittce15 yearslater.)
The answeris: probablynot. The CondonCommit-
tee'sblatantobjectivewasto pacify thepublic,whereas
SpecialReport14,within Battclle/Stork,wasTop Secret.
It didn't needto be created(for publicconsumption)if
the answerwasalreadyknown-in other words, that tlle
empiricalcharacteristics of UFo reponswerestatistically
differentfrom thoseof repoftsthatwereultimately
resolvedinto mundanephenomena. Or wasStorkperhaps
merelya convenientfundingvehiclefor 14, a legiti-
matelyaskedquestion,a relativelysmalleffon thatcould
be justified (or hidden)underthe scopeof the Stork
mission?Regardless, Battellewasthe right placefor the
work to be done.It is a superbgroupof scientistsand
engineers scrupulously devotedto excellence.
Battelle'sinvolvementwith thefringe subjectof
UFoswasthereforea souce of greatembarrassment to it
-a family secret,a skeletonin the closetequivalentto
t9g1
IUR March/ADril
Grandpa'salcoholismor UncleRay'spenchantfor little with the contentsof thereportper se.If Venuswasin
boys.Oneabsolutelydid not menl.ionBattellein connec- westemelongation,therewouldbe a wholeslewof
tion with UFos-And since I had no needto know, the fact reportsofa bright white light in the predawneast,and
of ttrisinvolvement(in spiteof my Secretclearance) was Hynekwould chuckleandmutterabouthow damed
kept from me for over a year. uneducated the publicwas.Whenwe would get a report
In the springof 1987I foundmyselfat a dinnerparty of high strangeness,he wouldscratchhis chin-beardless
seatednext to a Battelleexecutive-an old timerwho I until thefall of 1953-and saythis mighrbearlooking
knew hadworkcdon J4 asa memberof ProjectStork.I into.we would outlinetheinformationwe wantedto
askedhim if after34 yearshe hadanythingho wantedto have,andwe wouldpassthaton to Blue Book. But it
sayaboutit. hardlyeverfollowedup for us.If we really wantedsome
My questionmadehim uneasy."We werecon- wewouldhaveh gooutandtryt0getit
information,
cemed," he said. He was referring to fic dataand to the ourselves.
Battellesciendsts'interpretation of ihosedala.He was Hynek waspaid to investigateonly reportsallocated
referringto the thoughtsof his fellow scientists
on the to him by Blue Book.Thatmeantthatif we heardof a
questionof "What arellFos?" "We wereconcerned," he casein someotier way-if someonecalledthe observa-
said,andhe would say no more. tory, say,or therewasa newspaper story-we couldnot
count as it an official case,and any expenses incurredby
ProjectHenry Hynekor me werenot reimbursable. Many timeswe
askedpeopleto senda report in to Wright-Pattersonso
During thc first month(January1953)I workedfor him, that a casewe werealreadyworking on (privately) and
Hynek went to Washingtonto attendthemeetingof the had spentmoneyinvestigatingcould become"official."
RobertsonPanel.He wasan associate member,a second Sometimes it worked;sometimes it didn't.
stringer,which wasoddbecausehe hadbeenworking Hynekwent!o Wright-Patterson two or threetimesa
directlywith the datafor aboutfive years.I rememberhis month,andaboutoncea monti I wentalong.The Blue
retum on a cold, wintry day.I expectcdhim to announce Book facility building263,not Hangar18--{onsisted
therewould be a majorscientificundertakingon the of thleecramped,crummylittle offices.Thepaintwas
subject.Instead,he told me,"They're not goingio havea peeling,andthe file cabinetswerewarped.Therewerea
scientific investigation.For somestrangereasonthey UnitedStatesmapwith pins stuckin it, a sergeant gofer,
votedit down.They didn't eventakea decentlook at the a gum-cracking, beehive-hairdoed secretary(a civilian),
data,and tiey decidedto discredithem." anda dried-outcoffeepot on the window sill. This was
Perhapshe neededsomelevity thatday whenhe beforecomputers, of course,so drecaseswerefiled
lookedup from his coffeeandcrackersandsuggested that chronologically. If you knew thedate,fine. If you knew
we shouldhavea namefor his consultancy project, only the location,try thecardindex,and lotsaluck. No
"somethingthatcapturesthe ideathatthesethingsflit wonderI neversawCapt.Ed Ruppelt,the Blue Book
aroundthe sky." An old-Limepopularinsecticidewas head,smile.(I rememberhim asa by-the-booksober-
calledFlit, andits trademarkshoweda hand-pumped sides.I don't recalla humansideof him, evenwhenwe
sprayerand,I believe,a harriedwomanv/hohadjust werehavingan informallunch.But I seemto remember
beenscaredby a bug."Quick, Henry,theFlit!" sheis intenseblue-grayeyes.)
shouting.Hynek latchedon to theword Flit, andthus In the earlydaysof my association wi r Hynek,my
ProjectHenrywasnamed(Flit beingtoo obviousand titls wasresearchassistant, OSUdepartrnent of physics
ProjectInsecticidesomewhatcumbersome). Readers andastronomy.I workeda few hoursa day,spending
familiar with Hynek'ssenseof humorknow I couldn't abouthalf my time on UFOmattersandtherestas
possiblyhavemadethis up- teachingassistantfor Hynek's undergraduateastronomy
This is the way Henryworked: courseandgeneralGirl Fridayfor osu's McMillin
About oncea weeka courierfrom Wright-Patterson Observalory.(I wasalso carrying 15 hoursin my second-
Air ForceBase(I assumzdhewu from Wright-Patterson) to-lastundergrad quarter.)As theyearprogressed I
wouldarriveat Hynek'soffice at Ohio StateUniversity graduated, my Secretclearance camethrough,I worked
with a manilaenvelopestuffedwith TWXs teletype full time,andmy UFOwork increased proportionately.
UFo-sightingreportsreceivedfrom military facilities The 1954flap wasunderway,andoneday I asked
aroundthe world. Hynekhow it wasthatOSUwaswilling !o keepme on as
Were tiey all of the reports Blue Book received-the research assistant whenmostof my work wasfor ATIC.
total numberit took in? Surelynot. (Hynekoftensaidhe "You're not workingfor ATIC," Hyneksaid.
knew the bestcaseswerewithheld.)I usuallylooked "You're working for a contractor."
themover beforeHynekdid. I hada Secretclearance by I hadno ideawhathe meant."A contractor,"he
then(mid-1953),but only a few wereeverclassified repeated. "A contractorwho doesn'twantto be known.
beyondResFicted,andthe sensil.ive materialusuallyhad But don't worry aboutit. I've alreadytold you too
to do with the installationor facility of reponorigin,not much."

8 IURirarch/Aoril
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But I did worry aboutit. My paychecks saidOhio 1952.(This wasa privatchip; I paid for it myself.)
Sl.ateUniversity.The phrase"laundercdmoney"wasnot Tombaugh,who in 1930discovercdtheplanetPluto,had
in commonusagein thosedays. himselfexperienced an extraordinaryUFo sightingin
I stewgdover this for a few days-not moretlan a 1949.A large,trarsparentfuselagewith lightedwindows
weekor two-and thentle couriercamewith theweekly hadsailedacrosshis view ashe enjoyedthc cveningin
rcports.Sameman,samecar-a Chevythatbiliousshade his backyard.
of GI green.For somsreasonI walkedhim backout to I arrivedat White Sandsaftera cold andmiserable
his car,anddid an incredibledoublc-takeashe drovc pre-dawnbusridc from El Paso,andTombaughsent
away.It wasn'ta govemment car.It washisown car, someoneout to Lhegateto escortmc to his office.We
with Ohio platcs.This man'sinitialswereV.E.,andlhe walkedthroughhangarsandofficesandlaboratorics.
car liccnseplatewasVE-29.Whata stoke of luck: a "Oooh,what'strat?" I asked.Therewererocketsand
spookwith vanityplates! fancyinstruments andequipmentlying all over theplace.
Furthermore, he wasfrom Columbus.The local "That's the new Nike," my escortsaid,"and thatoneover
Chevydealer'snamewason thelicense-plate holder. thcre'stheHonestJohn."I wascarryingno documentsto
Within five minutesI hadracedover to the main identifymyselfasafnliatedwith ATIC.No oneaskcd
OSUlibrary,pulleddown theColumbuscity dircctory, whatkind of cleamnceI had.And at thattime.December
and foundthe man'snameandhis placeof employment: 1952,I hadnone.
Battelle.ConfrontingHynekwith my intelligencecoup
resultedin a few daysof negotiations with Storkfollowed The fifth horseman
by an incrcasedwork load.
I went.on a numberof field trips for Henry,andthe Hynekalsoarrangedfor me to meetwith Lincoln LaPaz,
securitysituationwasalmostinvariablydeplorable. theeminentmeteoriticistat the Universityof New
Hynekarrangedfor me to visit astronomer Clyde Mexico.LaPazhadbeenconsultedby theAir Force
Tombaughat White Sandshoving Ground,New Mexico, duringthe spatcof geen-fireballsightingsover the
duringa trip i hadpreviouslyplannedfor winterbrcak Southwest. It wascommonknowledsethathe was

IUR March/April
1991 9
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near Kent l{ILl, Maine. It was described {A a big red bqll of fjr-e .j
:;,.;ni' (f
going vest-north-r.est a.Ddvas observed- for bQgut 12 .f1111'';"'':t"n* '?
it disappeared beyond observed

ar, OITOOZ,I l'lar , a953 High speed, no naneuvers, no exhaust.

was a visual o frol. lhe. eround-u1'th"no-electro*:.X.,1}p-

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The object vas obgerved by three faculty s arrd ten students of the

acaderoy. I?re veather vas cold arrd clear wlth no wild. No physical

evidence available, no interception action taken arrd no knor,rnai.r

trafflc i:r the area.

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SECIIRITT INI'ORMATION
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interestedin UFOs.(LaPazis mentionedprominendyin
Ruppelt'slhe Reporton UnidenttfiedFlying Objects
t1e56l.)
I foundLaPazin his office at the university.I
rememberthe formalityof the room,he behinda large
woodendesk,I in a straightchairat right angles.In
confast to theeasy-goingTombaugh(andhis family,
who ueatedme to a Mexicanlunch),LaPazwasa
formidablepresence, We
andI felt a bit uncomfortable.
discussed UFosin generalterms.He chosehis words
carefully,suggesting thattheU.S. governmentknew
pler,) aboutUFos.I broughthim up to dateon Hynek's
work andthegeneralskepticismthatI felt pcrvaded
Hynek'sphilosophy(andmine,too).
LaPazlistenedto whatmusthavcbeenmy naive
jabberings.Thenhe pinnedme wift a solemnstare.
"UFOs are theFifth Horsemanof the Apocalypse,"he
said,andI wassoondismissed.
Pestilence, War, Famine,Death,and,. . ? As the
yearshavepassed,LaPaz'schilling pronouncement has
causedme growingconcern.His nameis not listedon the
controversial MJ-12document.But if sucha group,or its
cquivalent,existed,he would havebeena logicalcandi-
datefor membership.
Back in Ohio the summerof 1953produceda
changingof the guard.For a few monthsRuppeltwas
away,andLt. Bob Olssonwasin chargeof Blue Book.At
someUmein thatintervalHynekwasgoingout of town,
ard he told me to expect.a visit from somepeopleftom
Wright-Patterson. Olsson(whomI alreadyknew)came
in, with the sergeantgoferandanotherman,probably
alsoa lieutenant,to whomI wasnot evenintroduced.
It wasa hot, stuffy day sansair conditioning.The
soldierstook me into Hynek'sinnerofficeat theobserva-
tory, andthe lieutenantarrangcdtlle chairs:a straight
chairin thecenterof the room-for me-and threeother
chairsat 10,two, andsix o'clock positions.The anony-
mouslieutenantandOlssonfacedme,andthe sergeant
satout of my vision with a clip boardandpencil.
They askedme how thingsweregoingwift the
project.What wasHynek'sattitude?Whatwasmy
attitude?How did I like thework?What did I think of
this caseor that?My uttcr disingenuousness carriedme
thrcughthis ordeal.In my naiveteI wasprobablyeven
flatteredto be tlle objectof so muchattention.In relro-
spectthe third man remindsme of thatnuttyCIA manin
theM.A.S.H. televisionseries-the ludicrousparanoid
who wasforeverfinding deviousplotsin themost
innocentsituation.
I liked Bob Olsson.He oftenincludcdhis own
evaluationsanda friendlynoteon thercportssentto us,
andI felt he wasgenuinelyinterested andconscientious
in his work. Perhapsthat'swhy he lastedonly a few
monthsat Blue Book.
By mid-1956Hynekhadmovedto Harvardfor his
workedon lhe InternationalGeophysicalYear,ard I had
movedto Lhemain Battellecampus(abouta mile from
t2 IURMarch/April
1991
OSU)wheremy work for StorkalsoinvolvedtheIGY.
The subjectof UFoswasncvermentioned.
Blue Book and beyond
ThoughI wasofficially removedfrom Blue Book
business. HynekandTconLinued n communicate regu-
larly aboutUFo matters.
At midnighton March26, 1966,my husbandgot me
out ofa showerfor a call from Hillsdale,Michigan.It
wasHynek,pleadingwith me not to get upsetwhenI saw
the momingpapers.The Air Forcehadbackedhim intrca
comer.Saysomething, he wastold. So he hadsaid
something.He hadsaidthatswampgaswasa possibility
asa naturalexplanationfor somelights over a marshy
area,andthepressjumpedon it. The swamp-gas incident
distressed him terriblybecausein effectthe Air Forcehad
forcedhim to compromise his scientificintegrity.
Blue Book foldedthe endof 1969following the
publicationof theCondonReport.Within a few months
of he stalt of the Coloradoproject,Hynekhadiold me
he knewit hadbeendecidedthatthe findingswould be
negative.For yearshe hadunderstood thathe wasbeing
keptout of the innercircle,thatevenwith his high
securityclearances it wasjudgedthathe hadno needto
know \rhat wasreallygoingon. He knew he hadbeen
used.He seemedactuallyrelieved,then,whenhis Blue
Bookwork wasover.Now he wasfreeto pusue UFO
research from a purelyscientificviewpointwithoutthe
restictionsimposedby his governmentcontract.
But wasHynek'sgovernmentUFOwork really over?
In October1973he calledme to pick him up at
rvright-Pattersonandbring him to Columbus.It was the
height of the Yom Kippur war, andWright-Pattersonwas
on highestsccurityslatusbecausesuppliesfor Israelwere
beingflown from there.I took a wrongtum nearthe Air
ForcemuseumenEanceandwoundup driving out onto
theperimeterof the field. I drovehalf a mile out on a taxi
stripbeforeI couldtum around.No challenge.No one
cameafter me.
I finally got rmrientedanddroveup to whereI was
supposed to pick up Hynek.It wasa smallone-storey
building,andHynekwasstandingin the doorwayasI
droveup. Anothermanappeared from thebuilding.He
wasin dressuniformandmayhavebeena major.I got
out of the car,andHynekmadeit a point to introduceme.
Of courseHynekwasalwayspolite,but he easilycould
havejust gotteninto thecar with no introductions.It
seomedto me thattheinfoduction wasa purposefulact
whichI assumed hadsomethingLodo with the facl thatI
wasa UFo associate.
On our way to ColumbusI askedHynekin general
termswhatwasgoingon. He wouldnot tell mc anything
aboutwhathe wasdoingat Wright-Patterson. In faceof
his reluctanceto explain,I felt I couldnot pursuethe
subject.Bu[ he wasagitatedon thattrip andseemed
continuedon page2j
Blue Book-continued frompage12
preoccupied with whateverhadoccurredearlierthatday. theUFo explanation.Similarlymeteorologists
Of courseWright-Pattersonhousedother projectsthan
thoseunder the Foreign TechnologyDivision.
But Hynek l"as working for FTD.ResearcherBrian
Parkshasrecentlyobtained,throughthe Freedomof In-
formationAct, Hynek'srecordof employmentasFTD
consultantfrom 1970ao1974.He worked only a few days involved.either.
eachyear,but it wasan ongoingconsultancy, an execu-
tive appointrnent, beginningin April 1970,lessthansix
monthsafterBlue Book's official closure.Wasthiswork differentresults.It would be bestto haveas largea
relatedto UFos?At thispoint we still do not know.
On December26, 1976,in thefront third-flooroffice sincethe su'-veygatheredonly opinions for the mostpart,
of the Hynekhomein Evanston,Illinois, HynekandI
were talking theory as we had so many times over the
years.Hynek wasnot a manto makebold statements, and
I recognizedtheremarksof a manwhosethinkinghad
evolved with reluctanceand deliberationover 28 years.
"It's very definitelyconnected with intelligence
somewhere," he said,not with excitementandawebut
with acceptance andresignation. I
Debunking-continued trcmpage15
Russianslove to read,andRussianslove to dream.
Foodshortages will not stopthemfrom gazing into the
skies,looking for an explanationof who we are and
whencewe all come.As the SovietUnion opensup, the
ranks of thosewho seekexplanationsfor UFosand for
the riddlesof antiquityexpand,andthepaceof publish-
ing in tlese areasquickens.Coundessnew magazines
dealwith the UFOphenomenon, sproutinglike mush-
rooms in a rain-drenchedforest. In trying to bashthese
heresies, Kondratov,Shilik, andtheirilk havefleir work
cut out for them.I
CfOp CifCf eS-continued frompage19
long,constructivecommentsuggested parameters for
sEtisticalstudiesandan exchangeof information.A
commentabouttourismwasnot unexpected but revealsa
naive view of the placeswhere circles are located,
especiallyin Canada.As for peoplewho enjoybeing"in
the spotlight,"it is a fact thatmanyownersof fieldswith
cropcirclesavoidpublicityanddo not evenreportthe
circles for fear of ridicule. On the other hand,souvenir
standsat crop-circlesitesin EnglandandCanadahave
beensetup (andsomefield ownersarechargingadmis-
sion).
The surveyshowsthatagriculturistsarelessthan
expenson the phenomenonof crop circles. Their exper-
tise in examining field markings,however,makesthem
usefulsourcesfor investigations andresearch. Ufologists First220 SightingRepor:o,"C
probablyhavethe mostextensivebackgrounds for crop-
circleresearchin termsof havinghistoricaldatafor
comparison, but theymay tendto be biasedin favor of
maybe the
mostversedin weafterexplanations, but tiey vr'iUnot
havethe advantageof agdcultual experiencepossessed
by farmers.This aII suggests a mullidisciplinaryapproach
to cropcirclesmaybe the bestanswer.It would not hurt
to havepoliceandotherlaw-enforcement officials
The surveyconductedin Manitoba was of limited
scope,andsimilarstudiesin otherregionsmay yield
databaseaspossibleto draw upon for information, but
tho amountof useful information gainedfor crop-chcle
researchis minimal.
Crop-circleresearchersare encoungedto draw upon
a wide varietyof resources in their investigations andto
communicatelieir ideasand discoveriesto other inter-
estedpersonsandorganizations.Data aboutcircles
shouldbe exchanged freely,especiallybecause circles
seemto be a globalphenomenon. More important,
researchers shouldnot feel committedto any onethoory
until more datahavebeenexaminedand expertsin the
fieldsof agriculture,meteorology, andlaw enforcemena
aswell aslocal farmersshouldbe consultedin investiga-
trons.
Cropcirclesnrcybe explainedassimply ashoaxes,
but we would thenbe in a positionto askthe sociological
questionwfty, the psychologicalquestionwho, and the
mechanical quesdonftow. If the circles(andtriangles
andrectznglesandspirals)arecausedby aliens,thenwe
canaskwhatis their motivation(thoughrealizingthatwe
haveno way of comprehending extratenestrial logic).If
the crop circles are weathereffects,why havethey
appearedrecently in suchnumbers?If they are a rare
phenomenon, thentheyshouldnot haveincreased so
dramaticallyin number.If theyare so common,thenwhy
wouldtheyconcentrate in Engtand,andwhy havesome
farmerswith many decades'experienceinsistedthat Lhe
circlesresemblenothingin recentmemory?I
AifshipS-co ntinuedfrompage24
Vallee, Jacques.Passporl lo Magonia: From Folklorc to
Flying Saucers.Chicago:Henry RegneryCompany,1969.
Wagner,Audrey M. Letter to JeromeClark (l.lovember23,
1990).
Wagner,Audrey M. "Repon from the Readen:
Disappointed." Fate43,7 (July 190): 9-100.
Welsch, Roger L. "'This MysteriousLighr Calledan
Airship,' Nebraska'Saucer'Sightings,189'7."Nebraska
History 60,1(SprinS1979):92-113.
Wieland, Fred.l,etter to National InvestigationsCommit-
tee on Aerial Phenomena(January10, 1961).
Wi iams,RichardW. "Summaryof Findingsin CSI's
ivilion Sau.erI nvestigation
QuarterlyRniew 1,,1(September 1952):1,6.
IUR lllarch/ADril1991 23