E1200 - Civil and Structural PDF

Section: E1200
Title: Civil and Structural

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL Revised: 01-May-2014
ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES
Table of Contents
1. Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Codes and Standards ........................................................................................................................... 1
3. Safety Factors ...................................................................................................................................... 2
4. Site Development ................................................................................................................................. 2
5. Site Preparation and Earthwork ........................................................................................................... 3
6. Station Roadways and Parking Areas .................................................................................................. 3
7. Area Surfacing ...................................................................................................................................... 3
8. Fencing ................................................................................................................................................. 4
9. Sewers and Drainage Systems ............................................................................................................ 4
10. Potable Water Systems ........................................................................................................................ 6
11. Specification for Geotechnical Investigations ....................................................................................... 6
12. Specification for Topographic Surveys ................................................................................................. 7
13. Structural Design Requirements .......................................................................................................... 7
14. Reinforced Concrete, Foundations, and Structures Design Requirements ......................................... 7
15. Pipe Support Design........................................................................................................................... 15
16. Platforms, Stairs, Handrails, and Ladders .......................................................................................... 19
17. Prefabricated Steel Buildings ............................................................................................................. 20
18. Cranes and Hoists .............................................................................................................................. 23
19. Signage Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 23
1. Scope
This standard defines the Company requirements for design and installation of Civil and Structural
components of Company facilities.
2. Codes and Standards

The design and installation of all Civil and Structural components of Company facilities shall conform
to 49CFR 192, and 49CFR 195 when applicable, except when other applicable codes are more
stringent in their requirements. Industry codes, standards, and recommended practices specified in
this document shall be incorporated by reference. In addition, Civil and Structural components of
Company facilities shall conform to all related and applicable Company Engineering Standards, and
all other applicable Federal, State, and local codes and regulations, including:
• Building Officials and Code Administration International, Inc. (BOCA)
• American Concrete Institute (ACI)
• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• International Building Code (IBC)
• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
• American Institute of Steel Construction Inc. (AISC)
• Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
• Local Building Code Authorities
• Company Construction Standards
Where sections within this document have not been developed, all codes listed shall function as
default codes.
For convenience, references to sub-sections of applicable standards are called out in the sections
that follow.
Where project-specific issues suggest or require implementation of design parameters outside of
Company Standards, the Project Manager shall utilize Company O&M Procedure 001 - Standards Field Code Changed
Modification.
Highlighting indicates revisions made as of the date on this standard. Page 1 of 23

Section: E1200
3. Safety Factors
For load combinations considering wind, earthquake, and piping thermal loads, the minimum factor of
safety against overturning shall be 1.5. The minimum safety factor against sliding shall be 1.5. A
minimum safety factor of 1.5 shall be provided against buoyancy for substructures. Safety factors for
other load combinations shall be in conformance with the applicable code.
4. Site Development
4.1. General
The Project Manager shall consider all requirements of equipment, location, environment,
potential expansion, topography, and applicable codes in determining the projected capacity,
layout, design, and physical requirements of the location. Pre-selection of the site shall be
based upon pipeline modeling. Final selection of the site shall be performed by the Project
Manager.
4.1.1. Site Selection and Layout
In determining site selection, the Project Manager shall consider:
• Permanent Easements (e.g. Landowner Restrictions)
• Populated Areas
• Air Quality Non-Attainment Areas
• Temporary Work Spaces, Turnarounds (e.g. Construction)
• Extra Temporary Work Space (e.g. Crossings)
• Pipeyards / Material Marshalling Points
• Rig-up Space
• Mainline Valves
• Pig Launchers / Receivers
• Potential Customers
• Anticipated / Future Classification Changes
• Geotechnical Obstacles (e.g. karst topography, fault lines, bogs, rivers, rough/
impassable terrain)
• Floodplains
• Saturated Soils (e.g. negative buoyancy)
• Utility Corridors (HVAC - High voltage overhead / below grade, power lines)
• Archeological Sites
• Roadways and Railroads
• Soil Conservation requirements
• Minimizing the footprint/scale of above grade facilities
• Minimizing cleared rights-of-way through wooded areas, hilltops, and other
publicly-visible high points
• Agency regulations requiring above grade facility exteriors to be harmonious with
immediate surroundings and/or other buildings in the area.
• Locating noise-intensive above grade facilities at appropriate distances from
noise-sensitive areas
• Avoiding locations/landmarks listed on, or eligible for listing on: the National
Register of Historic Places, the National Register of Natural Landmarks, officially
designated Wild and Scenic Rivers, officially designated parks, wetlands, scenic,
recreational, and/or threatened/endangered/wildlife lands.
4.1.2. Spacing and Clearances
4.1.2.1. Spacing for buildings on Company locations shall be determined in
conformance with Standard Drawings STD-V-1200-B005.1 – Structure
Location Matrix Lighter-Than-Air Table and STD-V-1200-B005.2 –
Structure Location Matrix Heavier-Than-Air Table.

Section: E1200
4.1.2.2. Clearances shall be designed in conformance with the requirements of

49CFR 192.325 and O&M Procedure 204/C1005 – Construction near
Company Facilities.
4.1.3. Site Topographic Survey
Refer to Scope of Work or Contract for Services for requirements and Construction
Standard C1002 – Survey Standards for specific instructions on performing the
survey.
4.1.4. Horizontal and Vertical Control
At a minimum, two monuments shall be established on-site, along a coordinate system.
Monuments shall be set for horizontal and vertical control per Construction Standard
C1002 – Survey Standards. Monuments shall be permanent and founded in a stable
layer of soil. Refer to Standard Drawing STD-V-1200-A050 – Permanent
Benchmark, Marker & Sign Detail.
4.1.5. The Project Manager shall establish within the Scope of Work requirements for the
following:
• Temporary and Permanent Site Benchmarks
• Facility Coordinate System
• Geotechnical Investigation
• Landscaping
• Permits
5. Site Preparation and Earthwork

The Project Manager shall establish within the Scope of Work requirements for site preparation and
earthwork and at a minimum consider the following:
• Clearing, Stripping, and Grading
• Excavation and Backfill (Compaction Requirements, Bedding, and Padding for Pipelines)
• Slopes
• Site Drainage and Surface Runoff
• Sedimentation and Erosion Control (Delineation of Critical Areas, e.g.: wetlands, buffer zones)
• Rock Excavation and Blasting
• Disposal of Contaminated Soil
6. Station Roadways and Parking Areas

The Project Manager shall establish the requirements for Station Roadways and Parking Areas within
the Scope of Work and at a minimum consider the following:
• Geometry and Vehicular Loads, Facility Access, and In-Plant Roads
• Road Sub-grade
• Roadway and Sidewalk Width
• Road Crown
• Rock Roads
• Asphalt Roads
• Concrete Roads
• Protective Barriers
7. Area Surfacing
The Project Manager shall establish which of the following surfaces shall be used for station
roadways and parking areas and the design requirements for the selection within the Scope of Work.
• Gravel and Chat

Section: E1200
• Portland Cement Concrete

• Portland Cement Concrete Paving Joints
• Crushed Rock Surfacing
• Asphalt Concrete Area Surfacing
• Surface Slopes
8. Fencing
8.1. General: Fencing is required for all above grade facilities that are not within the confines of an
existing fence.
8.2. Fences shall be constructed in conformance with the requirements laid out in Typical Drawings,
and specific to the individual requirements of each project. These requirements shall be
defined in the Scope of Work. Deviations from the Scope of Work requirements shall be
reviewed and approved by the Project Manager.
8.3. Drawings: Fence requirements are specified in Company Drawing TYP-V-1200-B045 - Typical
Cyclone Fence Elevations + Details.
8.4. Numbers of gates and gate locations shall conform to the requirements of 49CFR 192. The
design, construction, type of opener, and method of opening shall be designed to meet location-
specific requirements on a project specific basis and be specified in the Scope of Work.
8.5. Materials requirements are specific to each project. Materials shall conform to the requirements
specified in Company Drawing STD-V-1200-B015_Cyclone Fence Details.
9. Sewers and Drainage Systems

9.1. General Design of the project shall include the following details:
• Layout of the overall piping and flow patterns
• Manholes; position and numbers
• Catch Basins; locations and capacities
• Culvert; locations and materials
• Sewer Pipe Materials shall meet the requirements of local code
• Septic System location and capacity shall meet the requirements of local code
9.2. Surface Drainage
9.2.1. Drainage plans shall be prepared that show the drainage areas impacted by the
project, runoff information from all structures, expected discharge, runoff paths,
conduits and channels, drainage devices, and erosion control measures planned for
the project. Temporary measures and permanent measures shall be presented
separately. For construction erosion control, refer to Construction Standard
C1260 - Environmental Requirements.
9.2.2. Design Criteria
9.2.2.1. The design of water drainage facilities shall conform to federal, state, and
local regulations.
9.2.2.2. The Project Manager shall consider a ten-year-intensity rainfall (with durations
of 30 minutes to 24 hours) in determining conduit size, ditches (capacity and
erosion), and spacing of drainage systems from structures.
9.2.2.3. Each operating area shall be sloped a minimum of 1/4%, except around
buildings where a slope of 4-inches (vertical) over 10 feet (horizontal) shall be
provided. Various areas may be at different elevations/slope, provided slopes
between areas are protected from erosion. Ditches shall have a minimum
flow slope of 1/2%.

Section: E1200
9.2.2.4. Sumps and sump pumps shall be provided in basements or pits as required.
Drains, if used, shall be installed at or below the elevation of the area to be
protected.
9.2.2.5. Systems shall be designed and constructed for storm water (including water
management), sanitary water, and process water sewers as required.
9.2.2.6. Designs shall provide separation between storm and process water to ensure
that the minimum quantity of process water is produced.
9.2.2.7. Erosion control of disturbed areas shall be provided during and after
construction.
9.2.2.8. Drainage design for vegetated areas shall include shaping and directing flow
to natural drainage channels.
9.2.2.9. Contour grading shall be limited in order to augment natural drainage
whenever possible.
9.2.2.10. Natural drainage patterns shall be maintained at property lines.
9.2.2.11. Culverts and other storm sewer piping shall be installed only where necessary
to maintain surface access across drainage areas.
9.2.2.12. Snowmelt and rainwater shall be routed to natural drainage using piping or
open ditches.
9.2.2.13. Culverts shall be provided to carry snowmelt and rain water under roads,
walkways, etc.
9.2.3. All water piping within gas compressor stations shall be constructed in conformance
with local building codes.
9.2.4. Raw water piping (between water well and treating plant) and domestic-treated water
piping shall be:
• Threaded and coupled galvanized pipe above grade
• Schedule 80 PVC pipe below grade.
9.2.5. Piping other than that used in domestic services shall be steel or shall meet
equipment Manufacturer’s specifications.
9.2.6. Domestic service piping shall comply with UPC regulations.
9.3. Process Water Drainage
9.3.1. All buildings shall have provisions to remove process water from basements, bottle
and pipe trenches, and pits.
9.3.2. The drainage system shall be routed to a localized point where the contaminated
water is collected and emptied by gravity or pump.
9.3.3. The contaminated water shall be routed to a disposal service or treated in
conformance with the discharge permit for the facility.
9.3.4. All lines shall be equipped with clean-outs, located at the beginning of the line and at
any change in direction of the line (unless a seal box is provided).
9.3.5. Industrial waste, hydrocarbon liquids, floor drains, and sanitary sewage shall not be
discharged off company property unless subjected to purification processing (prior
to disposal) in conformance with the discharge permit for the facility.
9.4. Sanitary Drainage System
9.4.1. All gray and black water produced in the station shall be treated as required by local
code.

Section: E1200
9.4.2. Sanitary sewer lines shall be constructed of heavyweight PVC tubing/pipe. Minimum
size and slope shall be as required by local code and constructed in conformance
with local UPC code.
9.4.3. Self-contained septic systems shall be designed to meet local code and have a
minimum capacity as directed by the Project Manager.
9.4.4. Depth of cover shall be based on the frost line and shall be at a minimum of 2 feet.
9.4.5. Industrial waste and hydrocarbon liquid lines and sumps shall not be connected to
floor drains, storm and sanitary sewer lines, or septic systems.
10. Potable Water Systems

10.1. Quality Required: Water quality shall meet the requirements of the local Health Department.
10.2. Pressure Requirements: Requirements shall meet Local Health Department and the project
specific requirements as defined by the Scope of Work.
10.3. Materials for Potable Water System: Requirements shall meet Local Health Department and
the project specific requirements as defined by the Scope of Work.
10.4. Water Wells and Rural Water Supply: Requirements shall meet Local Health Department and
the project specific requirements as defined by the Scope of Work.
11. Specification for Geotechnical Investigations

11.1. The Project Manager will determine when a qualified soils and foundation engineering
consulting firm needs to be contracted. Detailed subsurface investigation involving soil
sampling, laboratory testing, foundation analysis and reporting should be considered in the
following situations.
• New compressor stations.
• An addition to an existing compressor station. (If a report was not done for the original
installation and soil related problems have been experienced.)
• Installation of a multi-story building.
• Installation of tall structures and tall vessels (when over turning is a concern).
• Any installation of heavy, large, or vibrating equipment where the soil strength is in
doubt (e.g., marshy areas).
• Installation of any equipment requiring greater than 2000 psf allowable soil bearing
pressure.
• Any location where sandy soil is prevalent or where allowable soil bearing pressures are
known to be low.
11.2. When Geotechnical Investigations are required by the Scope of Work, the soils and
foundation engineering consultant shall include, but not be limited to, the following items in the
job proposal:
• Number of bores required. Typically, one bore will be required under each proposed
compressor block, building foundation or heavy equipment foundation.
• Location of bores shown on a site drawing.
• Depth of each bore.
• Required testing to determine soil classification and physical properties. Tests shall
follow standard ASTM methods where applicable. Number and type of tests shall be
limited to those required to provide the information requested in this specification.
11.3. The soils and foundation consulting firm shall provide the Company with a report describing
the site conditions, soil classification, soil physical properties, nature of the soil deposit
including rock, general geology of the area, recent history of excavation and any influence
ground and surface water may have on the site and foundations to be placed on the site.

Section: E1200
Recommendations concerning site preparation for foundations or roadways shall also be

included in the report.
12. Specification for Topographic Surveys

12.1. When Topographic Surveys are required by the Scope of Work the following data points shall
be defined by the Project Manager prior to initiating the study:
12.2. Monuments – Placement and number of monuments
12.3. Field Notes - The gathering and disposition of field notes
12.4. Interval of Contours – minimum interval between elevation contours
12.5. Benchmarks - The location and elevation of the benchmarks used for the survey should be
identified by the surveyor. Site elevation should be actual (mean sea level) elevations if a
reliable benchmark is readily available
12.6. Significant Site Features - Sufficient information should be included to locate power poles,
existing pipelines, utilities or other significant site features. Elevations and width of roads
adjacent to the site should also be identified.
12.7. Survey Procedures and Quality Assurance – refer to Construction Standard C1002 –
Survey Standards.
13. Structural Design Requirements

13.1. General Material Requirements –The Project Manager shall consult with KMI Material
Specifications and Engineering Standards in determining approved materials for project
specific requirements.
13.2. Structural Steel – Shall be designed to meet AISC, local building code and OSHA
requirements for the application that it is intended and specifically address the following load
requirements.
13.3. Design loads
• Vertical Loads
• Horizontal Loads
• Miscellaneous Loads
13.4. Loading Combination
• Open Structures
• Enclosed Structures
• Overturning Moment
• Higher Working Stress
13.5. Deflections
13.6. Anchor Bolts
13.7. Shim and Grouting
13.8. Allowable Stress
14. Reinforced Concrete, Foundations, and Structures Design Requirements

14.1. General
Soil Pressure and Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity Geotechnical investigations shall be
conducted for all major foundation areas where a recent Geotechnical data is not available.
Type, size, and foundation configuration (piles, drilled piers, or spread footing or mat) shall be
based on recommendations of soil consultant. Soil design parameters such as soil specific
weight, cohesion, angle of internal friction, and allowable bearing capacity shall be based on
Section: E1200
recommendations provided by soil consultant. For additional requirements, refer to

Construction Standard C1180 – Foundation and Concrete Work.
14.1.1. The Project Manager shall review existing soil reports (if available) and determine if
additional Geotechnical data is required to provide foundation and structural design.
14.1.2. Design allowable (net) soil bearing pressure shall be considered as 1,500 lbs./sq. ft.
except where soil studies or prior experience suggest that higher or lower values shall
be used. Design allowable (net) soil bearing pressure of 750 lbs./sq. ft. shall be used
for all for rotating machinery, except where soil reports suggest that higher values
shall be used.
14.1.3. Transferable design loads (reactions) to foundation and other structures shall be
obtained from equipment or building Manufacturers and reviewed with soil consultant
for recommended foundation type.
14.2. Material Requirements; Refer to Construction Standard C1180 – Foundation and
Concrete Work.
14.3. Reinforcement; Refer to Construction Standard C1180 – Foundation and Concrete Work.
14.4. Anchor Bolts
14.4.1. Anchor bolts (to project above foundation) shall extend through the flange or base
plate far enough to allow use of spherical washers and double nuts, or as
recommended by the Manufacturer.
14.4.2. Where necessary for alignment, anchor bolts may require a conduit sleeve 3- or 4-
diameters larger than the bolt diameter. Conduit sleeves shall be protected top and
bottom (to prevent concrete or grout from filling sleeve). The Project Manager shall
confirm the scope of supply and specific requirements for imbedded hardware
(including anchor bolts and leveling plates) with the machinery Manufacturer (or
Supplier). Certified Manufacturers’ drawings (for anchor bolt and grouting layouts)
shall be used for final design.
14.4.3. Refer to Construction Standard C1180 – Foundation and Concrete Work for
further information on anchor bolt requirements.
14.5. Structural Steel and Miscellaneous
14.5.1. Structural steel shapes and plates shall conform to ASTM A36 - Standard
Specification for Structural Steel.
14.5.2. Structural bolts shall conform to ASTM A307 or ASTM A325. Nuts shall conform to
ASTM A563.
14.5.3. Expansion wedge type anchors shall be ‘Hilti Kwik Bolt II’ or Company-approved
equivalent.
14.5.4. Gratings shall be W-19-4, (1-1/4-inch x 3/16-inch) Galvanized Steel with Serrated
Bearing Bars (ANSI/NAAMM, MBG 531 - Metal Bar Grating Manual). All grating shall
be secured with grating clamps.
14.6. Galvanizing
Where specified, galvanizing shall be in conformance with the following:
14.6.1. Structural steel: ASTM A-123
14.6.2. Bolts, nuts and washers: ASTM A-153, Class C
14.6.3. Shop assemblies: ASTM A-385

Section: E1200
14.7. Grout
14.7.1. See construction standard Construction Standard C1220 - Grouting for grout
specifications.
14.7.2. Inside buildings that are not subject to freezing and thawing, sand cement grout may
be used for equipment and supports not specified as requiring grout.
14.7.3. The following criteria shall be considered in grouting system selection:
• Vibration Analysis
• Foundation Size
• Foundation Reinforcement
• Centers of Mass
• Foundation Support
14.8. Design loads, definitions, and load combinations shall conform to the building code (most
recent edition) adopted by local jurisdictional agencies (for facility location). In any case,
when the referenced building code is unknown, ASCE 7 - Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures, or IBC Code shall be used. Any deviations from these
standards shall require review and approval by the Project Manager.
14.9. Individual footings shall be installed/extended deeply enough to avoid undercutting by
adjacent pipe trenching. Where footings are within a fill area, a lean concrete mix shall be
used to bring bottom of footing to grade, or piers shall be extended as necessary. All footings
and foundations are to be carried to firm bearing below the frost line. Except where local
building code requires a greater depth, the minimum depth shall be as tabulated in the
following table:
Depth* Amarillo Gulf Coast Storage Western Area
1' - 6" South of 111 305 & South 388
2' - 0" 111 to 103, 306, 307 & 308 184
2' - 6" 193 to 104, 309 - 310 203 N. TX, NM
3' - 0" 194 to 195, 311 206 OK.
3' - 6" 106 & North North of 311 201 & 205 KS, CO., So. NE
4' - 0" 204 601, 602, 603
5' - 0" 730, ND & SD,
No. NE., WY, MT
*Depth shown is below finished grade.
Table E1200 / 14.9 Footing Depth
14.10. All foundations shall be designed for installation on undisturbed soil or structural fill (if dictated
by site conditions). Structural fill for foundations shall be placed at minimum density of 95%
ASTM D698, or a higher value as recommended by soil consultant, verified by a testing
laboratory (during construction). Foundations shall rest on uniform soil strata to avoid
differential settlement, i.e., a unit foundation cannot rest on rock on one end and natural soil
on the other end even though both provide adequate support. Support soil shall be modified,
if necessary, to provide a uniform bearing strength.
14.11. A minimum of 6-inch clearance between pressurized below grade pipe and foundations shall
be maintained.
14.12. Design Requirements for Foundations
14.12.1. Compressor and Drive Foundations
14.12.1.1. Foundations (mat and block) for rotating machinery (including reciprocating
and centrifugal compressors and pumps, turbines, IC (internal combustion)
engines, and motors) shall be designed to account for all static and dynamic
(unbalanced) forces resulting from the operation of the equipment.

Section: E1200
14.12.1.2. Foundations shall be designed to distribute loads so that the combined,

factored loads of foundations, buildings, machinery, and equipment do not
exceed the allowable soil bearing pressure. The foundation center of gravity
shall coincide with the center of gravity of the applied loads. The minimum
depth of the foundation shall prevent settling from frost, vibration, or the
influence of loads borne by adjacent ground.
14.12.1.3. The maximum soil-bearing pressure shall not exceed 50% of the net
allowable values for static loads.
14.12.1.4. Foundation weight shall be 2 to 3 times the weight of centrifugal machinery
and 3 to 5 times the weight of reciprocating machinery.
14.12.1.5. All elements of rotating equipment shall be mounted on a common
foundation (to maintain equipment alignment and minimize relative
deflection), independent of adjacent foundations (to prevent transmission of
vibration to and from the system).
14.12.1.6. The Project Manager shall obtain Manufacturer’s design data and equipment
criteria for operating frequency, natural frequency, and maximum peak-to-
peak amplitude (for the foundation structural design).
14.12.1.7. Foundations that support rotating equipment (e.g., compressors and
generators) shall be investigated for static-load-bearing capacity and
foundation settlement. In addition, the dynamic vibration effect on the soil
and foundation system shall be considered in the design to ensure that the
foundation system meets the requirements of the static and dynamic loads
to which it will be subjected. Ideally, the natural frequency of the foundation
system shall be less than 0.7, or more than 1.4 times the operating
frequency. However, when calculating amplitudes of vibration with a
frequency ratio between 0.7 and 1.4, the total internal plus geometric
damping ratio shall not exceed two-thirds of the theoretical value for the
torsional mode of vibration and one-third of the theoretical value for all other
modes of vibration. If frequency-ratio falls within the restricted range of 0.7
and 1.4, the Company shall be notified for a formal design review.
14.12.1.8. Maximum peak-to-peak amplitude movement shall not exceed the values
shown in the following table:
Frequency (cpm) Displacement Amplitude (in.)
100 - 500 .002
500 - 1000 .001
1000 - 2000 .0005
2000 - 5000 .0001 - .0002
5000 - or more .0001
Table E1200 / 14.12.1.8 – Maximum Peak-to-Peak Amplitude Movement

14.12.1.9. All calculations performed to accomplish foundation design shall be made
available to the Project Manager for review and approval. All foundation
designs shall be reviewed and approved by a registered Professional
Structural Engineer.
14.12.2. Rigid-Frame Building Foundations
14.12.2.1. Unless dictated otherwise by site-specific geotechnical conditions, building
foundations shall be designed with spread footings at columns, perimeter
grade beams, and floor slabs on grade. Vibrating equipment foundations
shall be isolated from the floor slab unless otherwise specified.

Section: E1200
14.12.2.2. Non-vibratory equipment foundations and pipe supports may be placed

monolithically with the floor slab. Any grade beams placed above frost line
shall be placed on void forms. Thermal insulation shall be placed inside the
grade beam. Building floors shall be provided with trenches and/or sumps to
collect leaks, spills, and wash-down water. Curbs may be used to contain
said liquids and direct them towards trenches or sumps.
14.12.3. Light-Frame and Self-Frame Building Foundations
14.12.3.1. Foundations for light frame and self-frame building foundations shall:
• Extend below the frost line.
• Conform to requirements of local building codes.
14.12.4. Floors and Slabs
14.12.4.1. Compressor building floors shall be designed to meet the service
requirements for which they are intended and the design shall be approved
by the Project Manager.
14.12.4.2. When light duty steel grating, aluminum grating or aluminum plank are
specified, the minimum load and maximum weight requirements shall be as
shown in the following table. The deflection at rated loads shall not exceed
1/120 of the unsupported span. For pedestrian comfort, the deflection shall
be less than 1/4-inch for uniform loads of 100 pounds/square foot. Banding
shall be specified on all metal bar grating. Unless otherwise specified, steel
gratings shall be hot-dip zinc coated, either after fabrication, in accordance
with ASTM A123/A123M, or before fabrication in accordance with ASTM
A653/A653M and ASTM A924/A924M. Unless otherwise specified,
aluminum gratings shall have a standard mill fabricated finish. The Project
Manager shall consider if the gratings and/or grating steps require an anti-
slip surface. The Project Manager shall also consider limiting grating
sections to no greater than 60” width and 80 lbs. in weight.
1 2 3
Uniform load Concentrated load Maximum Weight
Type
Steel, Light* 250 750 10.25
Aluminum, Heavy* 250 750 6.25
Steel, Heavy** - - -
*This grating is best when used for pedestrian traffic and for very light rubber
pneumatic tired carts, dollies and hand trucks. For heavier rolling loads, use
heavy-duty steel grating.
**Contact grating manufacturers for their product recommendations and design
service substantiating their recommendations for heavy wheeled vehicle
applications
1
Load distributed evenly over the area of the grating section, pounds/square foot
2
Load concentrated over the grating width, pounds/foot of grating width.
3
The weight of a square foot of grating material, pounds per square foot.
14.12.4.3. Floating concrete floor slabs may be used in service/auxiliary and meter
buildings, garages, warehouses, weld shops, offices, and other
miscellaneous structures. Minimum slab thickness shall be 6-inches of
reinforced concrete with welded wire fabric 6 x 6 - W2.0 x W2.0. Heavy

Section: E1200
equipment items (e.g., generators, compressors, and boilers) shall have

separate foundations adequately designed for the load.
14.12.4.4. At new station locations, concrete floors shall be given a powered steel
trowel finish. When painted, an epoxy base paint shall be used. Refer to
Construction Standard C1230 – Painting.
14.12.5. Combined Footings
Combined spread footings shall be used when applied reactions are located too close
to each other, making individual spread footings impractical. Combined spread
footing foundations are acceptable for heat exchangers, gas heaters, filters,
separators, air instate filters, and compressor exhaust stacks.
14.12.6. Mat Foundation
Mat foundations shall be used when the project Geotechnical consultant identifies a
risk of potential uneven soil settlements requiring a mat.
14.12.7. Piers and Piling
Based on recommendations provided by the project Geotechnical consultant, piers
and piling (and related construction costs) shall be considered when:
• Soil conditions do not allow for other types of foundations.
• Required soil bearing pressure cannot be achieved by a spread footing
foundation.
14.12.8. Spread Footings
Single spread footings shall be used for pipe supports, building columns, and
foundations for cable trays, gas after-coolers, silencers, and blow-downs. Octagon-
shaped spread footings shall be considered for vertical vessels, vertical scrubbers,
and storage tanks.
14.12.9. Tank Leak Detection Foundations
14.12.9.1. Single mat foundations shall be constructed in conformance to
Typical Drawing TYP-V-1200-B020 – Typical Tank Leak Detection
Foundation Details to provide leak detection below circular steel tanks.
14.12.9.2. The design of the leak detection foundation shall be in stable soils with a
minimum allowable (net) soil bearing pressure of 1,500 lbs/sq. ft..
Foundations bearing on soils with less than 1,500 lbs./sq. ft. allowable (net)
soil bearing pressure shall be supported by structural fill or the foundation
design shall be modified to provide adequate support of the tank.
14.13. Design Guidelines for Miscellaneous Structures
14.13.1. Protective Barriers
14.13.1.1. Barriers shall be installed for above grade appurtenances in conformance
with Standard Drawing STD-V-1200-B010 – Protective Barriers and
Appurtenances.
14.13.1.2. If terrain slopes downward with greater than a 4:1 slope, from the road to the
appurtenance, a barrier shall be provided for all appurtenances within 40
feet of the edge of the roadway.
14.13.1.3. If terrain slopes upward with greater than a 4:1 slope to the appurtenance, a
barrier shall be provided for all appurtenances within 26 feet of the edge of
the roadway.

Section: E1200
14.13.1.4. If an appurtenance is located on a non-public access area (well lease road,

private road, open field, or utility alley) a barrier shall be provided at the
direction of the Project Manager.
14.13.1.5. Above grade appurtenances shall be located outside the minimum distance
from the edge of a roadway as listed in the following table.
Speed Limit (MPH) Minimum Distance (Feet)

30 8
40 10
50 20
60 35
Table E1200 / 14.13.1.2 – Above Grade Appurtenance Setbacks
14.13.1.6. Barriers shall be Types I, II, or III, constructed of pipe, as illustrated in
Standard Drawing Standard Drawing STD-V-1200-B010 – Protective
Barriers and Appurtenances, or pre-cast concrete ‘jersey’ barriers.
14.13.1.7. Barrier designs shall include openings to allow unobstructed ingress and
egress to the appurtenance.
14.13.1.8. When site-specific conditions prevent installation of barriers or require other
methods of protection, the Project Manager shall consider relocation of the
appurtenance. If relocation is not feasible, the Project Manager shall
identify:
• Appurtenance type and size
• Appurtenance location
• Upslope or downslope (orientation) from roadway
• Distance from roadway
• Roadway traffic speed
• Location on a curve, ‘T’, or ‘Y’
• Sketch or photograph of the site conditions.
• Protective barriers or appurtenances shall never be placed within
Federal, State, or County right-of-way (ROW) unless applicable
permits are secured and required design criteria are fulfilled.
14.13.2. Pipeline Anchor and Thrust Blocks; refer to Typical Drawing TYP-P-0100-A125 –
Typical Thrust Block Support
14.14. Containment
14.14.1. General Guidelines
14.14.1.1. At a minimum, containment volume shall be 110% of the largest tank volume
with a minimum freeboard of 6-inches. The Project Manager shall increase
the percentage requirement when it is demonstrated that maximum rainfall in
a 24-hour period (as determined by 100-year records) exceeds the 110%
containment provision. Size of containment shall allow for a minimum of 36-
inches from tank to inside edge of containment wall or curb. Refer to
Standard Drawings: STD-V-1200-B025 – Concrete Secondary Field Code Changed
Containment with Concrete Floor Plan and Sections, STD-V-1200-B030 Field Code Changed
– Concrete Storage Tank Containment Wall/Support Plan & Sections,
STD-V-1200-B035 – Concrete Secondary Containment w/Liner System Field Code Changed
Plan and Details, STD-V-1200-B040 – Earthen Containment Dike for Field Code Changed
One (1) 150 BBL. Tank for further details.
14.14.1.2. Access into containment shall comply with OSHA Standard 1910.
Containment design shall:
Section: E1200
• Allow easy removal of uncontaminated rainwater

• Include a sloping floor to a common point
• Include installation of a drain line with a lockable valve.
14.14.1.3. All materials used in Containment structure construction shall be impervious
to the contained liquid for a minimum of 72 hours.
14.14.1.4. Penetrations of floor system shall be minimized. All penetrations of floor
system shall be sealed.
14.14.1.5. Tank bases shall be elevated from containment floors (to avoid sitting in
rainwater for extended periods). Containment design shall allow for
anchoring of tanks or containers to the structure. Containment design shall
allow for installation of grounding devices.
14.14.1.6. Where incompatible or flammable liquids are stored in tanks located within a
common secondary containment structure, dividing walls or trenches shall
be provided (to maintain separation between tanks). Where feasible, sump
pits shall be provided (to facilitate removal of rainwater or spills).
14.14.1.7. When approved by the Project Manager, double-wall tanks containing
environmentally sensitive liquids (e.g. hydrocarbons or glycol) may be used
in lieu of Secondary Containment (specified above). When used, double-
wall tanks shall conform to all applicable codes and standards. Installations
of double-wall tanks require leak-monitoring equipment (to monitor space
between the tank walls).
14.14.1.8. Concrete Walls with Engineered Flexible Liners (For tanks 500 bbls and
smaller)
14.14.1.9. Liners shall be attached to the concrete wall within 6-inches of the top with a
positive seal.
14.14.1.10. Liners shall be placed on a 3-inch thick sand base.
14.14.1.11. Non-skid walkway materials shall be utilized within the containment
structure (for routes of ingress and egress).
14.14.1.12. Earthen Walls with Engineered Flexible Liners (Optional for tanks larger
than 500 bbls)
14.14.1.13. Flexible liners shall be 60-mil thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
material.
14.14.1.14. Liners shall carry over top of wall and be embedded (to resist separation
from the earthen wall).
14.14.1.15. Wall materials shall be capable of resisting erosion.
14.14.1.16. A stile shall be provided for access (to avoid damaging the walls).
14.14.1.17. Steel-Walled Containment with Engineered Flexible Liners (Optional for
tanks larger than 500 bbls)
All requirements for other containment systems apply to steel-walled
containment.
14.14.1.18. Liners shall be attached to the steel wall within 6-inches of the top with a
positive seal.
14.14.1.19. Concrete Floor System with a Concrete Perimeter Curb (General waste
storage and/or drum storage)
14.14.1.20. Concrete floors shall be designed to function as a foundation for tanks.

Section: E1200
14.14.1.21. Where possible, concrete floor and curb walls shall be designed and
constructed as a monolithic pour. If not possible, the curb-to-floor joint
shall be a minimum of 2-inches above the top of floor elevation.
14.14.1.22. Concrete sealant shall be selected based upon sealant Manufacturer’s
recommendations for the material requiring containment. Concrete joints
shall be spaced in conformance with ACI recommendations.
14.14.1.23. OSHA requirements shall be considered when locating tank systems.
Note: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106(b)(2) contains specific requirements
regarding spacing between above ground tanks, based on the size of the
adjoining tanks.
14.14.1.24. For facilities with bulk operations, where flammable liquids are received
(by tank vessel, pipelines, tank cars, or tank vehicle) and stored or
blended (for distribution), OSHA requirements shall be considered. Note:
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106(f) contains specific requirements for facilities with
bulk plant operations.
14.14.2. Existing Facility Upgrades
14.14.2.1. At sites without liners, or where liners need replacing, newly engineered
liners shall be installed.
14.14.2.2. A floating concrete slab containing cracks or unsealed control joints shall
not be used as a liner system.
14.14.2.3. Where the floor of a containment structure consists of an ineffective
concrete floating slab, an engineered liner shall be installed on top of the
slab (with a 3-inch sand layer between). However, where this method
results in compromising the containment volume requirement, alternate
methods shall be used.
14.14.3. Temporary Facilities
14.14.3.1. When volumes allow, tanks may be placed in a stock tank or similar
nonflammable enclosure that provides required volume containment.
When volumes do not allow, or the previous method is impractical, steel-
walled containment with an engineered liner system shall be utilized.
15. Pipe Support Design

15.1. General Design Guide For Above Grade Pipe Support
15.1.1. Pipe Support Spacing and Location Considerations: The values listed in the
following table shall be considered as the maximum allowable span for single plane
piping. Spans are based on the following general conditions:
• Pipe run is straight and contains no valves, flanges, branches, filters, or traps.
• The maximum pipe deflection is 1/2 inch.
• Maximum operating temperature is 650°F.
• Pipe is Grade B (35,000 psi yield). For other specifications of pipe, the Engineer
shall determine the maximum distance between supports based on structural and
pipe stress analysis.
• Pipe is filled with water (hydrotest condition).
Nominal Pipe 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 >20
Size
Standard -- -- -- -- 19 20 22 24 26 29 32 34 35 36 37 38 40
Extra Heavy 11 14 16 20 20 21 23 25 28 31 34 36 37 38 40 41 43
Table E1200 / 15.1.1 - Maximum Pipe Span in Feet

Section: E1200
15.1.2. For piping runs carrying gas or air that are not to be hydrostatically tested in place,
the deflection shall be 1/2-inch. If the deflection exceeds 1/2-inch, calculations
need to be verified by a design engineer. Maximum span shall be approved by
Project Manager.
15.1.3. For supports carrying electrical conduit, the following maximum support spacing
shall be used:
Conduit Size (in Inches) Maximum Distance Between Rigid
Metal Conduit Supports (in Feet)
1/2 – ¾ 10
1 12
1-1/4 – 1-1/2 14
2 – 2-1/2 16
3-inches and larger 20
Table E1200 / 15.1.3 - Maximum Conduit Support Spacing
15.1.4. Type of Pipe Supports (Bearing Plate, Springs, Clamps, Guides, Limit-Stops, Shim
Blocks, ‘Teflon’, and ‘Flurogold’)
15.1.5 Preventing atmospheric corrosion between the pipe supports and the pipeline.
15.1.5.1 Install fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) spacers between the pipeline and
the pipe support when the pipes exposed to a corrosive atmosphere. Atmospheric
corrosion takes place when the surface is wet by moisture formed due to rain, fog
and condensation.
15.1.5.1.1 Install the FRP following the manufacture installation procedure.
15.1.5.1.2 Surface preparation shall be by grit blasting. The Technical Manager or Corrosion
Supervisor must approve other types of surface preparation.
15.1.5.1.3 Approved epoxies for installing FRP’s include the following –
a. Glas Mesh EPI-Seam sealer
b. Denso 7125
c. Denso 7200
15.2. Design Guide For Below Grade Pipe Support

Refer to Typical Drawings TYP-P-0100-A125 – Typical Thrust Block Support and TYP-P-
0100-A130 – Typical Support Block.
15.3. Valve Supports and Thrust Block
Two types of supports may be required for the various valve settings. Concrete ‘Thrust
Blocks’ are required for blowoff and relief valve settings to resist the thrust forces that occur
when pressurized gas is vented. Smaller concrete ‘Rest Blocks’ or bags of Sakrete shall be
used to support underground valve settings and pipe risers.
15.3.1. Thrust Blocks - A thrust block is necessary beneath each blowoff and relief valve
setting. The size of the block required is determined by the expected thrust from
the valve and the allowable soil pressure.
15.3.1.1. The following table shall be used to determine the thrust from the blowoff or
relief valve. The following procedure shall be used to determine the thrust:
• Determine the line pressure at which the venting will take place. Use
Table E1200 / 15.3.1.1 to determine the thrust on the pipe.

Section: E1200
• Reference Table E1200 / 15.3.1.2 with the allowable soil pressure and
thrust from Table E1200 / 15.3.1.1. The size of the applicable thrust
block will be given in Table E1200 / 15.3.1.2.
Table E1200 / 15.3.1.1 - Maximum Riser Thrust from Blowdown of Piping System
(using rounded entry frictionless risers with valves having a port area of 60%
of the riser flow area)
(Ap/Ar = 0.60), NEWTONS = LB x 4.448, BAR = PSIG/14.5
15.3.1.2. Thrust block sizes are based on the block resisting 60% of the total thrust. If
soil conditions are poor or extremely variable, additional consideration should
be taken when determining the thrust block size. Refer to the table below.

Section: E1200
Thrust Block Size (in Inches)

Thrust Allowable Soil Pressure
lbs 1,000 PSF 1,500 PSF 2,000 PSF
2,500 18" x 18" x 8" 12" x 12" x 8" 12" x 12" x 8"
5,000 20" x 20" x 8" 17" x 17" x 8" 15" x 15" x 8"
7,500 26" x 26" x 12" 21" x 21" x 8" 18" x 18" x 8"
10,000 30" x 30" x 12" 24" x 24" x 8" 21" x 21" x 8"
15,000 36" x 36" x 18" 29" x 29" x 12" 25" x 25" x 12"
20,000 42" x 42" x 18" 34" x 34" x 18" 29" x 29" x 18"
25,000 46" x 46" x 24" 38" x 38" x 18" 33" x 33" x 18"
30,000 51" x 51" x 24" 42" x 42" x 18" 36" x 36" x 18"
40,000 59" x 59" x 24" 48" x 48" x 24" 42" x 42" x 18"
50,000 66" x 66" x 30" 54" x 54" x 24" 46" x 46" x 24"
60,000 72" x 72" x 30" 59" x 59" x 24" 51" x 51" x 24"
70,000 * 63" x 63" x 24" 55" x 55" x 24"
90,000 * 72" x 72" x 30" 62" x 62" x 24"
100,000 * * 66" x 66" x 30"
* This combination of soil strengths and thrusts requires special
engineering calculations.
Note: Block sizes area based on using 60% of the thrust force.
Table E1200 / 15.3.1.2 – Thrust Block Size
15.3.2. Rest Blocks
When required by the Project Manager, rest blocks will be placed beneath risers or
underground valve settings to resist vertical movement.
Table E1200 / 15.3.2 shall be used to determine the size of rest blocks. The table is
based on an allowable soil pressure of 1500 lbs/sq.ft. If the allowable pressures are
lower than this, block size shall be increased. Bags of Sakrete shall be used for
gathering line rest blocks on undisturbed soil. Poured concrete rest blocks may be
required for disturbed soil.
Concrete Rest Block Schedule (in Inches)
Pipeline Size Rest Block Size Cubic Yards Concrete
(Each)
2” - 6” 12” x 12” x 4” 0.01
8” – 10” 18” x 12” x 6” 0.03
12” – 16” 24” x 18” x 6” 0.07
18” – 24” 30” x 24” x 12” 0.19
30” – 36” 36” x 36” x 12” 0.33
42” 44” x 44” x 12” 0.50
Table E1200 / 15.3.2 - Concrete Rest Block Schedule
15.4. Reinforcement
15.4.1. Rest blocks and thrust blocks shall be reinforced as follows:

Section: E1200
Block Thickness Reinforcement

(in Inches)
4" None
6"-12" 1 layer of 6" x 6", 10/10 welded wire mesh located 3" from the
bottom of the block
18" 1 layer of #5 bars on 12" centers both ways located 3" from
the bottom of the block
24"-30" 2 layers of #5 bars on 12" centers both ways located 3" from
top and 3" from bottom, with vertical bars on 12" centers
Table E1200 / 15.4.1 – Rest and Thrust Block Reinforcement
15.4.2. Steel reinforcement bar shall conform to ASTM A-615.
15.4.3. In the reinforcement layer, the bottom bars shall be oriented transverse to the
centerline of the pipeline and the top bars shall be oriented parallel to the centerline of
the pipeline.
16. Platforms, Stairs, Handrails, and Ladders

16.1. General
16.1.1. All platforms, stairs, handrails, and ladders shall conform to the requirements of
OSHA 1910 and specific requirements defined in the Scope of Work.
16.1.2. Platforms, stairs, handrails, ladders and/or anchor points shall be installed as needed
to comply with O&M Procedure 118 (Fall Protection) requirements when accessing
equipment for routine maintenance and/or calibration. Project Manager shall
consider installing equipment and/or lighting below the crane rail to minimize the
requirements for fall protection.
16.2. All platforms shall conform to OSHA 29CFR 1910.23
16.2.1. A platform 4 feet or more above floor or grade shall be provided with a standard railing
and 4-inch toe board.
16.2.2. Outdoor platforms shall be open safety type grating in snow areas.
16.2.3. Elevated platforms shall be provided with a guard railing 3 foot – 6-inches high.
16.2.4. For pipe railing, all members shall be at least 1-1/2-inch actual pipe diameter with
maximum post spacing at 8 foot, designed for a 200# lateral load at any point along
the railing.
16.2.5. For angle railing, all members shall be 2-1/2-inch x 2-1/2-inch x 1/4-inch with
maximum post spacing at 8 feet, designed for a 200# lateral load at any point along
the railing.
16.3. Stairways shall conform to OSHA, 29CFR 1910.23 and .24
16.3.1. Every flight of stairs having three or more risers shall be equipped with standard stair
railings.
16.3.2. Railing sizes shall be established in conformance with the requirements of paragraph
16.1.1 (above).
16.3.3. Minimum width of stairs shall be 22-inch.
16.3.4. Angle of stairway with the horizontal shall be between 30° and 50° with a minimum
rise of 6-1/2-inches and a maximum rise of 8-1/2-inches. Any uniform combination of
rise/run dimensions may be used if it complies with the requirements above and meets
OSHA requirements.
16.3.5. Stair treads shall be the safety type. Treads shall have a 1-inch safety nosing.

Section: E1200
16.3.6. Stairs having treads of less than 9-inch width shall have open risers.
16.3.7. Open grating type treads shall be used for outside stairs.
16.3.8. Risers shall be uniform in height.
16.3.9. Ship ladders or lapeyre stairs may be used where space is limited. A ladder is
unacceptable.
16.4. Fixed Ladders shall conform to OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.27.
16.4.1. Fixed ladders shall be used to provide access to elevated platforms higher than 2 feet
– 6-inches from floor or grade where use of stairs is impractical or unnecessary. Fixed
ladders shall be installed in conformance with the following requirements:
16.4.2. Minimum rung diameter: 3/4-inch.
16.4.3. Minimum rung width: 16-inches.
16.4.4. Minimum and preferred rung spacing: 12-inches; with uniform spacing. Maximum
rung spacing: 16-inches.
16.4.5. Clearances: Climbing side: 2 feet – 6-inches, for a pitch of 90°. Back of rung to
nearest obstruction: not less than 7-inches.
16.4.6. Cages or ladder safety devices shall be provided on ladders of more than 20 feet
height to a maximum unbroken length of 30 feet.
16.4.7. Cages shall extend a minimum of 42-inches above the top of landing, unless other
acceptable protection is provided.
16.4.8. Cages shall extend down the ladder to a point not less than 7 feet, or more than 8
feet, above the base of the ladder, with bottom flared not less than 4-inches, or portion
of cage opposite ladder shall be carried to the base.
16.4.9. Cages shall not extend less than 27-inches, nor more than 28-inches, from the
centerline of the rungs of the ladder. Cage shall not be less than 27-inches in width.
The inside shall be clear of projections. Vertical bars shall be located at a maximum
spacing of 40° degrees around the circumference of the cage; giving a maximum
spacing of approximately 9-1/2-inches, center to center.
17. Prefabricated Steel Buildings

17.1. Building Location
Buildings shall be located in conformance with Standard Drawings STD-V-1200-B005.1 –
Structure Location Matrix Lighter-Than-Air Table and STD-V-1200-B005.2 – Structure
Location Matrix Heavier-Than-Air Table. Any variances from these requirements require
the review and approval of the Project Manager.
17.2. General Requirements
17.2.1. All types of buildings located onshore shall be designed for loads prescribed by the
BOCA, IBC, and applicable local codes. At a minimum, all buildings shall be designed
for 30-psf roof live load and 20-psf wind load plus the building’s own dead load and
crane loads, whichever is more stringent.
17.2.2. New buildings shall be covered with factory-painted baked enamel metal panels.
Building color requirements shall be provided in the Scope of Work or by the Project
Manager.
17.2.3. Unless otherwise specified compressor buildings, service buildings, and other
buildings that house equipment, shall have interior wall liners. Liner panels shall be
perforated and backed with un-faced fiberglass insulation or a sound-attenuating
insulation in conformance with the design requirements. Wall and roof insulation shall
Section: E1200
have a minimum thermal rating of R13, and a flame spread rating of UL 25 or less.
The Project Manager shall determine the type and thickness of thermal and acoustical
insulation based on heat loads and noise requirements specified for equipment to be
housed inside the building.)
17.2.4. Building size shall allow for normal operation and maintenance, with areas provided
for lay down of equipment. The Project Manager shall consider use of Manufacturers’
standard building sizes.
17.2.5. Eve heights shall be a minimum of 8-feet. Compressor building eve heights shall be
determined by the crane hook height requirement and the height of the equipment.
Building design shall take into consideration the most severe equipment maintenance
requirements for hook height.
17.2.6. Building designs shall comply with ADA requirements.
17.3. Compressor Buildings, and Other Hazardous Locations
17.3.1. Compressor buildings shall have a ventilation system sized in conformance with API
RP 500 - Paragraph 6.3.2.4.2, which specifies a minimum of 6 air changes per hour or
as required to dissipate the equipment and building heat loads. Heat dissipation
requirements shall be defined in the Scope of Work. Compressor buildings that do not
have forced ventilation shall, at a minimum, have a continuous ridge vent with bug
screen, manual operator, and sidewall louvers (to provide ventilation in building). In
severe climates, louvers shall be supplied with bug screens and insulated covers.
Requirements for louver’s controls (manual, pneumatic, or electric) and louver’s action
(due to ESD: open, close, etc.) shall be provided in the Scope of Work.
17.3.2. Due to noise considerations, compressor buildings shall not have windows or
translucent skylights. Other buildings without windows shall have translucent skylights
installed at the top of the sidewalls to provide natural light. Quantity of translucent
panels shall be provided in the Scope of Work or approved by the Project Manager.
17.3.3. Louver face velocity shall not be less than Manufacturer recommendations, but in no
case greater than 500 fpm.
17.3.4. If installed, powered ventilation fan(s) shall be located in the building gable ends.
Maximum fan size and sound level shall be defined in the Scope of Work. On low gas
alarm, all exhaust fan louvers shall automatically open and all fans automatically start.
Electric motors shall be explosion-proof and rated for Class 1, Division 1, Group D
service. Fan components in the air stream shall be of spark-proof construction.
17.3.5. Where natural gas and/or hazardous chemicals are present, all exit doors shall:
• Swing out.
• Be equipped with panic hardware.
17.3.6. The maximum distance from any point inside a building to an exit shall not exceed 75
feet (as measured along an unobstructed path). In all buildings, a minimum of two
exits, with panic hardware, shall be provided.
17.3.7. Unless otherwise specified, all personnel doors shall be industrial type, steel, hinged,
insulated, 36-inches wide by 7 feet high with a minimum 10-inch by 10-inch wired
glass window.
17.3.8. Overhead truck doors shall be roll-up type metal doors with full vertical lift, insulated
(or non-insulated), as specified in the Scope of Work. Doors 12 feet or less in height
may be manual lift. Doors greater than 12 feet in height shall be electric motor
operated, with manual chain. Electric motors shall be explosion-proof, and rated for
Class 1, Division 1, Group D service.
17.4. Control Buildings and Skid-Mounted Electronics Buildings

Section: E1200
17.4.1. General
17.4.1.1. Buildings shall be located in conformance with Standard Drawings STD-V-
1200-B005.1 – Structure Location Matrix Lighter-Than-Air Table and
STD-V-1200-B005.2 – Structure Location Matrix Heavier-Than-Air Table.
Any variances from these requirements require the review and approval of
the Project Manager.
17.4.1.2. Control buildings containing any electrical system, equipment, or
instrumentation not rated for hazardous locations shall have a positive air
pressure of 0.1- to 0.2-inches of water maintained in the building.
17.4.1.3. HVAC systems shall be designed to maintain a positive pressure of 0.1- to
0.2-inches of water. A back-up blower system shall be installed for use
when the HVAC unit is out of service.
17.4.1.4. The air intake for the pressurization system shall be located and designed to
ensure a continuous supply of clean fresh air.
17.4.1.5. The Furnace shall consist of a duct blower unit with electric resistance coil or
gas-fired burner. Furnaces shall be UL approved.
17.4.1.6. Humidifiers, where specified, shall be fan-powered units operating on 115
VAC, mounted on furnace plenums.
17.4.1.7. Air-conditioners shall consist of electric, commercial grade condensing units
designed for installation on outside concrete pads, with evaporative coils,
drains, and drip pans for installation in supply ducts. The minimum
acceptable SEER value shall be as specified in the Scope of Work.
17.4.1.8. Heat pumps shall consist of electric commercial-grade systems with indoor
and outdoor units having minimum SEER ratings as specified in the Scope
of Work.
17.4.1.9. Controls shall be a fully automatic, electric temperature control system. The
sequence of operation shall be:
17.4.1.10. Heating cycle - thermostat shall cycle heating chamber and blower units to
maintain area temperature.
17.4.1.11. Cooling cycle - thermostat shall cycle condensing unit and blower units to
maintain area temperature.
17.4.1.12. Humidity cycle - humidistat shall cycle power humidifiers to maintain
humidity when heating cycle operates. Humidifiers shall not operate
during cooling cycles.
17.4.1.13. System shall include an electronic setback thermostat for both heating and
cooling.
17.4.1.14. Ductwork shall be fabricated of first quality galvanized sheet steel or pre-
insulated round ductwork. All ductwork shall be:
• Round or rectangular in cross section.
• Configured with a minimum elbow centerline radius in a round duct 1-
1/2 times the duct diameter and a minimum throat radius of a turn in a
rectangular duct 1/2 times the duct dimension in the plane of the turn.
• Permanent, rigid, non-buckling, non-rattling, and airtight.
• Equipped with adjustable, locking-type dampers (for air volume
control) installed as far from the outlet as possible, while still user-
accessible.
• Equipped with balancing dampers if return system has more than one
return intake.
Section: E1200
• Insulated with one-inch thick fiberglass with aluminum foil facing,

applied with adhesive and mechanical fasteners, when duct runs are
outside conditioned (heated or cooled) areas.
• Securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs, or brackets. No
nails shall be driven through duct walls.
17.5. Meter Houses/Structures
17.5.1. Meter houses, when required, shall be water- and fire-resistant, ‘walk-in’ accessible,
securable, and protected. Buildings shall have a minimum of two doors.
17.5.2. Meter houses may be located in general purpose/non-hazardous areas or
hazardous area classifications (NEC Class I, Division 1 or 2, Groups C and D) per
NEC Article 500 and AGA #XF0277. Houses located in hazardous areas shall
conform to applicable codes and ventilation requirements. Metering structures that
do not meet the requirements of AGA XF0277 shall have an electrical classification
of Class I, Division I. No flammable material shall be used in Class I and II
structures or interiors.
17.5.3. Meter houses 6 feet by 8 feet and larger shall be enamel steel side panels and
white enamel roof panels. Houses 4 feet by 6 feet and smaller shall be galvanized.
17.5.4. For Paint requirements refer to Construction Standard C1230 - Painting.
17.5.5. Meter houses shall be insulated. Catalytic-type space heaters shall be provided in
areas where dictated by the Scope of Work.
17.5.6. Buildings shall be mounted on skids with metal checker plate floors, or installed on
concrete foundations.
17.5.7. Building design shall allow for physical removal of the primary meter device and
piping (for inspection). Meter house design shall allow 18-inches minimum working
space around all piping.
17.5.8. All gas venting devices located inside buildings shall be piped to outside
atmosphere.
18. Cranes and Hoists

18.1. General Requirements
18.1.1. All cranes shall be designed in conformance with BOCA IBC code requirements,
with a minimum of 10% impact for cranes with hand driven bridges and 25% for
cranes with air- or electric-driven bridges.
18.1.2. Compressor building crane bridge and hoist shall be sized to lift a compressor
cylinder. In multi-unit buildings, crane bridges of 5-ton or greater capacity shall be
air driven. Cranes over 5-ton capacity shall be equipped with a second hoist, sized
to handle parts during maintenance. The second hoist shall be air operated. All
other bridge, trolley, and hoist movements shall be variable-speed and electric
motor driven, with main disconnect and pendant pushbutton stationed.
18.1.3. All parts shall be factory-tested, with a safety factor of at least 5-to-1. All parts shall
be in conformance with OSHA regulations and ANSI B30 Standards.
18.1.4. All crane bridges shall be equipped with a walkway platform, including handrails (to
provide access to lights, heaters, and gas detectors).
19. Signage Requirements

The Project Manager shall provide requirements for signage in conformance with Company
requirements and Federal and State guidelines. Standard drawings (available for all Company signs)
shall be provided by the Project Manager.

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E1200 - Civil and Structural PDF

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Section: E1200

Title: Civil and Structural

2. Codes and Standards

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4.1.2.2. Clearances shall be designed in conformance with the requirements of

5. Site Preparation and Earthwork

6. Station Roadways and Parking Areas

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• Portland Cement Concrete

9. Sewers and Drainage Systems

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10. Potable Water Systems

11. Specification for Geotechnical Investigations

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Recommendations concerning site preparation for foundations or roadways shall also be

12. Specification for Topographic Surveys

13. Structural Design Requirements

14. Reinforced Concrete, Foundations, and Structures Design Requirements

recommendations provided by soil consultant. For additional requirements, refer to

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14.12.1.2. Foundations shall be designed to distribute loads so that the combined,

Table E1200 / 14.12.1.8 – Maximum Peak-to-Peak Amplitude Movement

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14.12.2.2. Non-vibratory equipment foundations and pipe supports may be placed

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equipment items (e.g., generators, compressors, and boilers) shall have

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14.13.1.4. If an appurtenance is located on a non-public access area (well lease road,

Speed Limit (MPH) Minimum Distance (Feet)

• Allow easy removal of uncontaminated rainwater

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15. Pipe Support Design

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15.2. Design Guide For Below Grade Pipe Support

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Thrust Block Size (in Inches)

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Block Thickness Reinforcement

16. Platforms, Stairs, Handrails, and Ladders

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17. Prefabricated Steel Buildings

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• Insulated with one-inch thick fiberglass with aluminum foil facing,

18. Cranes and Hoists

19. Signage Requirements

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