Components Of Fluid Power Systems

Basic Concepts of
Hydraulics Systems and
Pneumatics Systems

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Elements of a Hydraulic System

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 Elements of Hydraulic System
1. Reservoir
2. Pump Power
Unit
3. Electric Motor (prime mover)

4. Valves
5. Conductors (pipe, tubing, and hose)
6. Actuators
Power Unit
 The power unit:
 Provides energy for the operation of the hydraulic
system
 Moves fluid through the system
 Provides a safe maximum system operating pressure
 Assists in maintaining correct system operating
temperature and fluid cleanliness

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 Power units are often supplied by manufacturers as a
package

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 A basic power unit consists of:
 Prime mover to power the system
 Pump to move fluid
 Reservoir to store fluid
 Relief valve or pump compensator to
control maximum system pressure
 Filter to clean the fluid
 Plumbing to transport fluid to
components
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 A prime mover may be an electric motor

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Electric Motors

 Motors convert electrical

energy to mechanical
 A prime mover may be an IC engine

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 A coupler connects the prime mover to the pump

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 The power unit includes a pressure control valve to
limit pressure

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 Filters and strainers are included in a power unit to
remove debris from the fluid

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Pneumatics
 Pneumatics is the general term used to
describe the mechanics of gases
 Pneumatics, derived from the Greek
word pneumatikos, meaning coming from
the wind
 It is the branch of science which treats the
mechanical properties of air and other
elastic fluids used to do work
Advantages and Unique characteristics of compressed air

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Governing Principles of Pneumatic Systems
 Elements of a Pneumatic System

Components of a Pneumatic System

 Components of a Pneumatic System

1. Electric Motor (prime mover)

2. Compressor
3. Receiver

4. Valves ( DCVs, FCVs, PCVs etc.)

5. Conductors (pipe, tubing, and hose)
6. Actuators
 Facts about Pneumatics
 Pressure – Units of measure
 Lbs per in2 or Force per unit area
 Absolute Pressure – 14.7 psi at sea level
 Gauge Pressure – measured relative to ambient
 Flow
 cfm cubic foot (feet) per minute Volume per unit
time
 Scfm Standard cubic foot (feet) per minute
 Force = Pressure  Area
 1 m diameter piston
 Area = 3.14  12 = 3.14 m2
 Pressure = 60 N/m2
 3.14 m2  60 N/m2 = 188 N
 Force while extending greater than while retracting

 Main parameters: Length and diameter

 Diameter based on required force
 Larger diameter: more force, but more air
Comparison between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems
Any Questions ? ? ?

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