ASSIGNMENT # 1

SUBJECT: COMPUTER

SUBMITTED TO: MISS ESHA

SUBMITTED BY: HISBULLAH KHAN ALIZAI::
02/11/2018:
Keyboards:
In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of
buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. As it being the only
intermediate between User and the Computer to pass on users required commands to CPU to
interfere and perform the task as ordered.
As with times keyboards revolved to many layouts and by the requirement and with the different
innovative ideas, which followed out to the evolution of todays Qwerty keyboard layout which is
widely used in all around the word. As with different linguistic languages Keyboard alphabetic
layout evolved as;
 The QWERTZ layout is widely used in Germany and much of Central Europe. The main
difference between it and QWERTY is that Y and Z are swapped, and most special characters
such as brackets are replaced by diacritical characters.
 The AZERTY layout is used in France, Belgium and some neighboring countries. It differs
from the QWERTY layout in that the A and Q are swapped, the Z and W are swapped, and
the M is moved from the right of N to the right of L.
But looking back two types of Layout other than Qwerty, which were of most importance;
1. Qwerty.
2. Dvorak Keyboard.
3. Stenotype Keyboard.

Dvorak Keyboard:
The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard is a keyboard layout patented during 1936 by Dr. August
Dvorak and his brother-in-law, Dr. William Dealey. Several modifications have since been
designed by the team directed by Dvorak or by ANSI. These variations have been collectively or
individually termed the Simplified Keyboard or American Simplified Keyboard, but they all
have come to be known commonly as the Dvorak keyboard or Dvorak layout.
 Although the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (DSK) has failed to replace the standard QWERTY
1914-1932.
Pros and Cons of Dvorak Keyboard:

Pros

Pros of Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

 Decrease typing errors,
 Speed up typing,
 Lessen typist fatigue
 Improvement or complete absence of RSI due to typing, due to Dvorak needing only 63%
of the effort Qwerty requires
 Generally more comfortable, as your hands are moving less, you can type for longer, and
feel smoother
 It's fun! Rewiring your brain, becoming faster each day, is a personal experience worth
trying.
Speed increases are always a debate. Your own speed can still cap you where you were before
with other layouts; example posts

Cons
There are benefits of the Dvorak layout, and that is a testimony which people can give with
confidence, but that is only in a Dvorak-only world. Unfortunately, Qwerty dominates the layout
standards, meaning that you probably learnt Qwerty in school/at home, non-custom Western
computers and phones are shipped with a Qwerty layout, and not all computer games account for
your change in layout. The following Cons also come with using the Dvorak layout:
 Your Qwerty skill will most-likely diminish while using Dvorak without practising
Qwerty too (check out this and this post for people discussing using both)
 Support for Dvorak is not universal, especially in hardware (it's easy to switch to Dvorak
on modern computers and smartphones; but older hardware, labelled keyboards, kiosks, are not
as forgiving)
 Others who do not know Dvorak will struggle to use your computer/smartphone, unless
you make the settings for switching keyboards readily accessible
 You will be slow at typing for 2-4 weeks while learning, and it will be frustrating (your
mileage may vary)
STENOTYPE KEYBOARD:

A stenotype, stenotype machine, shorthand machine or steno writer is a specialized chorded

keyboard or typewriter used by stenographers for shorthand use. In order to pass the United
States Registered Professional Reporter test, a trained court reporter or closed captioner was
ordered to pass out legislative orders as by the intermediate Stenotype, where writing speeds was
as by estimated of approximately 180, 200, and 225 words per minute giving out a very high
accuracy in the categories of literary, jury charge, and testimony orders.

PROs and CONs

The stenotype keyboard has far fewer keys than a conventional alphanumeric keyboard. Multiple
keys are pressed simultaneously to give out a response of whole syllables, words, and phrases
with a single hand motion. This system makes real-time transcription practical for court reporting
and live closed captioning. Because the keyboard does not contain all the letters of the English
alphabet, letter combinations are substituted for the missing letters.
Stenotype keys normally are made of a hard, high-luster acrylic material with no markings