CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Bubble deck: In the middle of 19th century, a new system was invented in
Denmark by Jorgan- Breuning more than 30% reduction of dead weight and allowing
large spans system, decks form the bottom of the slab, and the bottom layer of
reinforcing steel must also be placed. The voids are covered by steel wire meshes
which can be altered to fit the particular application. The top layer of steel
reinforcement can be placed after the bundles are in place. Concrete is then poured
in two lifts. The first concrete pour covers the bottom reinforcement and a portion of
the voids and holds the voids in place as the concrete becomes stiff. The second lift
is poured after the first lift is stiff but still fresh, finishing the slab. This method requires
more formwork and on-site labour, but requires less transportation of materials.Plate-
2 shows the Cobiax voided slab system (Dwivedi et al., 2016 )

Plate-1. Bubble deck slab(Dwivediet al.,2016 )

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2.2- THEORETICAL

-Sergui Calin, Roxana Gintu and Gabriela Dascalu (1): Stated the various
tests and studies done on the Bubble deck slab. From their study they concluded that
Bubble Deck will distribute the forces in a better way (an absolute optimum) than any
other hollow floor structures. Because of the three dimensional structure and the
gentle graduated force flow the hollow areas will have no negative influence and cause
no loss of strength.

-TINA LAI (2): This investigation has proven that the BubbleDeck technology is
more efficient than a ,traditional biaxial concrete slab in an office floor system. The
finite element models of the office ,slabs created for this study in SAP2000 verify the
prior analysis and experiments. However, the.performance of the voided slab is not as
successful in a pedestrian bridge deck. The noncontinuous, simply supported bay
layout of this test bridge was not optimal for this system since,it generated a one-way
slab response rather than a biaxial one. This does not discount the use of BubbleDeck
in a bridge deck, but requires further studies on a variety of bridge layouts to fully
determine the feasibility of this slab in a bridge.

-Prabu Teja, P Vijay Kumar, S. Anusha, CH. Mounika, Purnachandra

Saha(3 ): Discussed various properties of Bubble deck slab based on the various
studies done abroad. Moment, deflection and stress distributions are verified using
Finite Element Method (FEM) in SAP2000. And from their study, they concluded that
. Bending stresses in the bubble deck slab are found to be 6.43% lesser than that of
a solid slab.

-AMER M. IBRAHIM (4): This paper the flexural capacities of R.C two presents
way hollow slabs of plastic spherical voids, also known as BubbleDeck slab system.

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- Thaar Saud Salman Al-Gasham (5): This paper presents the results of
experimental program investigating the effect of fire flame (high temperature) on the
structural performance of bubble slabs. The program consisted casting and testing
nine specimens. The dimensions of the specimens were 270 X 500mm in plane and
with two different thicknesses; 90 and 140mm. All specimens were cast with normal
concrete of approximately 25 MPa compressive strength. Seven specimens were
burnt using a diesel furnace and two specimens were kept without burning as controls.

-QUSAY W. AHMED (6): This work presents the shear capacities and sustainable
analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) two way hollow slabs with plastic sphere voids,
also known as bubbled RC slab system. A bubbled RC slab has two-dimensional
arrangement of voids included to reduce the self-weight

- Reshma Mathew, Binu.P (7): Punching shear capacity of bubble deck slab is a
major problem because of its reduced weight due to the HDPE balls. GFRP
strengthening system was used in this study. Strengthened slabs did have higher
punching capacity compared with normal bubble deck slab. There was an increase in
load carrying capacity up to 20 % due to strengthening of the bubble deck slab with
GFRP. Although the strengthened bubble deck had low deflection when compared to
an un-strengthened bubble deck slab.

-MOHAMMAD RIDHA K. MAHMOOD (8): This paper presents an experimental

investigation on flexural behavior of continuous bubbled reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete
(RPC) flat slabs. Bubbled slab is one of the various types of voided slabs. It consist of bubbles
placed inside a concrete slab which will reduce the self-weight of the structure by about 35%.

-Mr. Devyanshu Jain1, Miss. Nidhi Gupta (9): A new solution to reduce the
weight of concrete structures and increase the spans of two-way reinforced.concrete
slab systems was developed in the 1990s in Europe and is gaining popularity and
acceptance worldwide. Plastic voided slabs provide similar load carrying capacity to
traditional flat plate concrete slabs,but weigh significantly less. This weight reduction
creates many benefits that should be considered by engineers.
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CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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-IBRAHIM S. HARBA (10 ): In this research paper investigation is carried out to

study the shear strength behavior of one-way bubble deck slab using self-compacting
reinforced concrete. The experimental program consists of testing thirteen one-way
slabs with dimensions of (1700 length, 700 width and 150 thick) mm. One of the tested
slabs is a solid slab (without balls) is used as a reference, the remaining twelve
bubbled slabs with ball diameter (73, 60) mm are divided into five groups according to
the parameters of the experimental work, the parameters of the experimental work
include: type of slab (bubble and solid slabs), ball diameter (73, 60) mm, shear
reinforcement and spacing between balls.
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2.3- REFERANCE

1- Sergiu Călin, Roxana Ginţu and Gabriela Dascălu, ”Summary of tests and studies
done abroad on the Bubble deck slab system”, The Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din
Iaşi, t. LV (LIX), f. 3, 2009.

2- Tina Lai ”Structural behavior of bubble deck slab and their applications to lightweight
bridge decks” M.Tech thesis, MIT, 2009.

3- P. Prabhu Teja, P. Vijay Kumar, S. Anusha, CH. Mounika- March-2012-“Structural

behavior of bubble deck slab”, JISBN: IEEE,Vol:81-pages:383-388 ISBN: 978-81-
909042-2-3.

4- Amer M. Ibrahim (FLEXURAL CAPACITIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TWO-

WAY BUBBLEDECK SLABS OF PLASTIC SPHERICAL VOIDS ) , ISSN:
19998716/26166909 Year: 2013 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Pages: 9-20

5- Thaar Saud Salman Al-Gasham (Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete

Bubble Slabs after Exposing to Fire Flame ) , ISSN: 25200917 Year: 2015 Volume: 19
Issue: 4 Pages: 1-14

6- Qusay W. Ahmed (PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF BUBBLED REINFORCED

CONCRETE SLABS) , ISSN: 19998716/26166909 Year: 2016 Volume: 9 Issue: 1
Pages: 55-66.

7- Reshma Mathew, Binu.P “Punching Shear Strength Development of Bubble deck

Slab Using GFRP Stirrups” , SNGCE kadayirippu, India, 2016
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8- Mohammad Redha K. Mahmood (Flexural Behavior of Continuous Bubbled

Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Flat Slab) , ISSN: 19920652 23128135 Year:
2017 Volume: 25 Issue: 2 Pages: 504-517.

9- -Mr. Devyanshu Jain1, Miss. Nidhi Gupta (REVIEW PAPER: STUDY ON A

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BUBBLE DECK SLAB AND CONVENTIONAL DECK
SLAB) , Vol. No.5,Issue No.3, March 2017.

10- IBRAHIM S. HARBA (Behavior of Self Compacting Reinforced Concrete One

Way Bubble Deck Slab) , ISSN: 25219154 / eISSN 25219162 Year: 2020 Volume:
23 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11.
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