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The Sounds of American English:

IPA symbol, most common spelling, sample words

/p/, p /f/, f /t/, t /z/, s, z /ʃ/, sh, ti, ci /k/, c, k


pop fit, if tot zip, was, shoe, wish, cat, book
buzz nation, special

/b/, b /v/, v /d/, d /n/, n /ʒ/, s /g/, g


bib very, love did noun usual, decision good, big

/m/, m /θ/, th /ɾ/, t, d /l/, l Lull /tʃ/, ch, t /ŋ/, ng


mom think, both water, butter choose, each, sing
/j/, y yes future

/w/, w /ð/, th /s/, s /r/ r /dʒ/, j, g, dg /h/, h, wh


wow, fuel that, breathe say, yes ready just, age, edge hot, who

/i/, ee, ea /ɪ/, i /ə/, a e i o u /ʌ/, u /ʊ/, ou, u, oo /u/, oo, o, o(+e)
green tea pink pig above nation such fun good book blue shoe

/eɪ/, ay, ai, /ɛ/, e /ɚ/, er, or, ir, ur /ɔɪ/, oy, oi /ɔ/, a, o, aw, au, /oʊ/, o, oa
a(+e) red tent purple bird noisy boy ou no snow
gray day caught law

/æ/, a /aɪ/, i (+e) /aʊ/, ow /ɑ/ o


black cat white light brown cow not hot

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