According to Turban et al. (p.

89), Internet Protocol (IP) is “the method by which data is sent

from one device to another.” The video History of the Internet provides an animation explaining
the history of the Internet. View the video, research IP, and TCP on the Internet and discuss:
a. the significance of IP packets; and
b. the significance of TCP protocol.

TCP/IP is the most essential two protocols used to make the Internet work. The Internet
Protocol (IP) is responsible for transferring data packets, while the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) makes sure all packets arrive safely, retransmitting them if necessary.
The sending computer/device creates the TCP segments and IP packets; then, it never
changes until the message reaches its destination. TCP/IP is supported by the major
network operating system (OS) to ensure communication between all devices on the
Internet or in a private network for internal uses.

IP Packet
Somehow everything users do on the Internet is transfer as packets, For example, all
the Web pages, and all emails are transmitted /received in a variety of packages by
small packets over packet-switched networks. Each packet carries part of the message
body, information like the sender and receiver IP addresses, the number of each
package, and the number of packets left to reach its destination through the best
available route taken by the other message packets, which make it a more efficient
network. In case of a problem with message transferring in one or more route sites,
packets will re-route to alternative sites, ensuring the delivery of the message. The
router and IP packets interact in the following way: packet carries source, destination
addresses, packet number, and protocols. The router finds where to send the packet by
getting the destination address from the header and compares it to its routing table.
When the destination device/computer receives its packet, the header will remove by
the TCP/IP protocol and assembling the message based on the sequence numbers in
message packets.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a standard designed to exchange data
packets over the Internet, and it guarantees data delivery integrity regardless of the size
and maintains received data order the same as it sent. TCP breaks data into packets
that networks able to deliver. It sends and accepts packets from the network layer,
manages flow control because it meant to provide data transmission error-free and
handles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets as well as acknowledgment of all
packets that arrive. TCP is a connection-oriented, which means once connection
established, it maintained till each end application programs finish messages
exchanging.
TCP is scalable and flexible, and it is the base of the internet as its existence today, and
Its importance comes from initiating the standard procedures and rules over the internet
of communicating information and ensures uniform of carried data transmission without
affecting by involved software, hardware, or location and no companies or persons own
it.

References:
- Fitzgerald, J. & Dennis, A. (2012) Business Data Communications and Networking,
11th Edition. (pp.147-183) Wiley & Sons
- Turban, E. & Volonino, L. & Wood, G. (2013) Information Technology for
Management: Advancing Sustainable, Profitable Business Growth, 9th Edition.
(pp.91-92) Wiley & Sons
- Webopedia. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
[https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/TCP.html]. Accessed 01/26/2020.
- Iusmentis. (2006) The TCP/IP network architecture
[https://www.iusmentis.com/technology/tcpip/architecture/]. Accessed 01/26/2020.
- Techopedia. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5773/transmission-control-protocol-tcp].
Accessed 01/26/2020.