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Short-Cut Strategies, and 60 Fun Practice Pages That Reinforce Essential Math Skills and Boost Test Scores-Teaching Resources (2000) PDF
Short-Cut Strategies, and 60 Fun Practice Pages That Reinforce Essential Math Skills and Boost Test Scores-Teaching Resources (2000) PDF
166!
by Rich a rd P icci r i l l i
This work is dedicated to my wife, Fraye,
who makes living an exciting adventure.
Acknowledgments
I easily recognize the value of being surrounded by
supportive people. To my family, who makes it all
worthwhile, I love you. To my parents, Domenico and
Frances, who have left an indelible mark on me, thank
you for teaching me the meaning of hard work. To my
many elementary students with whom I have worked
over the last 33 years, thank you for your inspiration, for
teaching me how to teach math, and for always bringing
out the best in me as a teacher. To Linda Decker, thank
you for typing the manuscript.
– RSJP
ISBN # 0-439-18605-6
All rights reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A.
2
Contents
4 IN T ROD UCT ION
46 SK I LL BUIL DER S
Provide opportunities to learn and practice
different mental-math strategies.
59 MON E Y MAT H
Apply mental-math skills to solve money-math problems.
78 ANSW E R S
3
Introduction
T his book gives teachers practical and easy-to-
use ideas for teaching mental-math skills to students
in grades 2–4. The activities are designed to teach
and reinforce mental-math skills, as well as give stu-
dents opportunities to use their newly acquired skill.
You’ll find the activities easy to integrate into your
curriculum either as lessons in mental math or as a
supplement to other daily math activity. Most valu-
able perhaps are the many activities that relate men-
tal-math strategies to learning the basic number facts.
This book helps students become flexible thinkers with numbers and
encourages them to be inventive when encountering new number situations.
The activities expose students to new opportunities for using mental-math skills
in daily situations in and out of school.
With mental math, students develop a positive attitude toward numbers. They
visualize numbers, retain them in their heads, and develop a sense of the quantities
numbers represent. They also develop other skills important to overall math
achievement—place value, spatial ability, number facts, computation, problem
solving, estimation, number properties, and writing about math. As a result, mental
math boosts students’ confidence. In a very short time they can come to feel smart!
4
Why is it important to teach
young children mental math ?
It is important to teach young children mental math because it is a valuable,
useful skill and a powerful tool.
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has awakened
the need to teach mental math. The newly released NCTM Standards 2000
states:
Students should select appropriate methods and tools for
computing with whole numbers from among mental computation,
estimation, calculators, and paper and pencil according to the
context and nature of the computation, and use the selected
method or tool.
5
What is the best way
to use this book?
The following suggestions should serve as a guide to help you make the best
use of the book, with the least amount of time and effort.
1. Become familiar with the topic you will be teaching. This will help you
prepare lessons that are meaningful and fun.
2. Before assigning student activity pages, discuss the topic from the assigned
page. Encourage students to share their thoughts and ideas on how to solve
practice examples before teaching the strategies. This is where important
learning will occur.
3. Encourage students to share their strategies with you, their classmates, and
their family.
4. Take advantage of the Skill Builders activities. They introduce children to the
usefulness and application of mental math and build confidence early in their
math careers.
5. As opportunities arise, refer to ideas previously learned. When assigning
practice activities from textbooks, have students look for examples that can
be done mentally, or have them estimate some of their answers before
completing the assigned examples.
6. Use the activities in this book as models to make your own mental-math
worksheets.
100
- 38
______
62
6
T he Ba s i c
Mental–Math
Strategies
The three mental-math strategies for grades 2–4 are:
● MAKE EASY NUMBERS
● BREAK UP NUMBERS
● COMPENSATE
1 Easy numbers are numbers that are easy to compute without using a calculator or pencil and
paper. Examples of easy numbers are numbers that end in 0, like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. Here
are some examples of numbers that are easy to add, subtract, multiply, and divide:
7
T HE BASIC M E N TAL - MAT H ST RAT EGIES
2 BREAKING UP NUMBERS
Breaking up numbers means separating numbers to make them easier to compute.
Here are some examples:
38 + 46 4 x 18
= (30 + 8) + (40 + 6) = 4 x (10 + 8)
= (30 + 40) + (8 + 6) = (4 x 10) + (4 x 8)
= 70 + 14 = 40 + 32
= 70 + 10 + 4 = 40 + 30 + 2
= 80 + 4 = 70 + 2
= 84 = 72
93 – 16 48 ÷ 4
= 93 – 10 – 6 = (40 + 8) ÷ 4
= 83 – 6 = (40 ÷ 4) + (8 ÷ 4)
= 77 = 10 + 2
= 12
COMPENSATION
Here are examples when both numbers in the equation are adjusted:
46 + 19 137 – 98
Add 1 to 19: 19 + 1 = 20 Add 2 to 98: 98 + 2 = 100
Compensate by subtracting Compensate by adding 2 to 137:
1 from 46: 46 – 1 = 45 137 + 2 = 139
Add 45 + 20 = 65 Subtract 139 – 100 = 39
So 46 + 19 = 65 So 137 – 98 = 39
8
Name
Examples:
20 + 4 20 + 30 6+8+4 5 + 4 + 10 + 6
= 24 = 50 =6+4+8 = 4 + 6 + 5 + 10
= 10 + 8 = 10 + 5 + 10
= 18 = 10 + 10 + 5
= 25
1. 7 + 3 + 5 = ______ 7. 29 + 10 + 1 = ______
2. 5 + 9 + 5 = ______ 8. 17 + 6 + 3 = ______
3. 4 + 4 + 6 = ______ 9. 25 + 8 + 5 = ______
4. 9 + 8 + 1 = ______ 10. 36 + 4 + 7 = ______
5. 2 + 7 + 8 = ______ 11. 52 + 7 + 1 + 8 = ______
6. 7 + 18 + 2 = ______ 12. 75 + 3 + 5 = ______
Write About It
What do you look for when making easy numbers?
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1. 8 + 12 + 2 = ______ 8. 95 + 14 + 5 = ______
2. 8 + 17 + 2 = ______ 9. 9 + 110 + 21 = ______
3. 23 + 14 + 6 = ______ 10. 22 + 8 + 160 = ______
4. 14 + 25 + 6 = ______ 11. 37 + 14 + 3 + 6 = ______
5. 32 + 8 + 40 = ______ 12. 5 + 23 + 55 + 10 = ______
6. 87 + 6 + 4 = ______ 13. 6 + 122 + 8 + 4 = ______
7. 25 + 25 + 12 = ______ 14. 340 + 3 + 7 + 12 = ______
15. 13 + 418 + 7 + 4 = ______
Write About It
How did you solve problem 12?
10
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1. 2 x 9 x 5 = a. 300
2. 10 x 3 x 10 = b. 800
3. 5 x 13 x 2 = c. 250
4. 2 x 5 x 37 = d. 600
5. 50 x 7 x 2 = e. 700
6. 4 x 8 x 25 = f. 90
7. 50 x 9 x 2 = g. 500
8. 5 x 5 x 5 x 2 = h. 370
9. 2 x 2 x 5 x 3 = i. 60
10. 2 x 10 x 5 x 5 = j. 900
11. 1 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 5 = k. 130
12. 2 x 3 x 5 x 4 x 5 = l. 80
11
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Examples:
23 + 30 87 – 20
Break up 30 into Break up 20 into
10 + 10 + 10, or 23 + 10 + 10 + 10 10 – 10, or 87 – 10 – 10
Count forward by 10s: Count backward by 10s:
23, 33, 43, 53 87, 77, 67
23 + 30 = 53 87 – 20 = 67
Write About It
Can you think of an even faster way to
add or subtract tens numbers?
12
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Breaking Up Numbers
Is Easy to Do!
Directions: Solve each problem by breaking up numbers
into easier numbers. Then regroup them for easier addition
and subtraction. Look at the examples here.
Examples:
32 + 47 32 + 47 65 – 23
= (30 + 2) + (40 + 7) = 32 + (40 + 7) = 65 – 20 – 3
= (30 + 40) + (2 + 7) or = (32 + 40) + 7 = 45 – 3
= 70 + 9 = 72 + 7 = 42
= 79 = 79
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Breaking Up
for Multiplication and Division
Directions: Solve each problem by breaking up numbers. Then regroup the
numbers for easier multiplication and division. Look at the multiplication
and division examples here.
Examples:
4 x 12 3 x 56 36 ÷ 4 56 ÷ 4
= 4 x (10 + 2) = 3 x (50 + 6) = (20 + 16) ÷ 4 = (40 + 16) ÷ 4
= (4 x 10) + (4 x 2) = (3 x 50) + (3 x 6) = (20 ÷ 4) + (16 ÷ 4) = (40 ÷ 4) + (16 ÷ 4)
= 40 + 8 = 150 + 18 =5+4 = 10 + 4
= 48 = 168 =9 = 14
Write About It
Explain what shortcuts you used for one of the problems.
14
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10 Is a Friend!
Directions: Solve the problems
below by using compensation. Make
tens to help you solve each problem.
To make a ten, subtract from one
number and add it to the other.
Look at the examples below.
Here are some number combinations for which a ten can easily be made:
8 (+2) 10 9 (+1) 10 7 (–2) 5
+ 5 (–2) +
____3 + 7 (–1) +
____6 + 8 (+2) + 10
____
13 16 15
1. 9 6. 4
+ 8
____ + 8
____
2. 4 7. 9
+ 7
____ + 6
____
3. 6 8. 7
+ 8
____ + 5
____
4. 4 9. 3
+ 9
____ + 8
____
5. 6 10. 9
+ 7
____ + 5
____
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9 Is Fine!
Look at the numbers
being added below:
Examples:
9 9 8 4
+3 +5 +9 +9
____ ____ ____ ____
12 14 17 13
1. 9 2. 2 3. 9 4. 7 5. 9
+6
____ +9
____ +4
____ +9
____ +9
____
1 1 1 1 1
6. 9 7. 9 8. 9 9. 2 10. 4
+5 +3 +8 +9 +9
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
16
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Strategies for
Adding 9 to a Number
Ms. Sousa: Adding 9 to a Ms. Sousa: Great, Lattifa! Please explain
number is really simple. what you think I did.
Tyrone: Really, Ms. Sousa? Lattifa: You added 10 to the 27 and then
Tell me more about it. took 1 away. You did the same thing with
Ms. Sousa: OK,Tyrone. the others—you added 10 and subtracted 1.
Watch what I write on the board. All of Juan: I just did the endings. For example,
these examples can be done mentally. with 27 and 9, I add the 7 and 9 and I
27 + 9 = 36 know it is 16. I keep the 6 and then jump
483 + 9 = 492 to the next tens number, which is a 3.
756 + 9 = 765 That gives me 36.
Lattifa: Oh! Oh! Ms. Sousa, I see what you Ms. Sousa: Very good! Both strategies
did to add those numbers quickly and mentally! work beautifully.
Write About It
Explain the strategy you used to solve the problems.
17
Name
Easy Numbers
Make Happy Faces!
Directions: Look at the addition problems below. See how
you can make easy numbers by subtracting from one number
and adding the same amount to the other? On the next page,
fill in the eyes in the happy faces with easier numbers. Then
solve the problems and write the correct answers in the
space next to the happy face.
Add: 13 + 9
13 +
–1
9
+1
= 12 + 10 = 22
Add: 12 + 36
–2
12 + 36
+2
= 10 + 38 = 48
2.
21 + 63 = + 64 =
3.
23 + 44 = 20 + =
4.
72 + 21 = + =
5.
67 + 12 = + =
6.
14 + 81 = + =
19
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20
V IS UALI ZING NUM BE R S & PAT T E RNS
One–Hundred Chart
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
21
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1. Notice that the first row contains 6. Look at the chart diagonally, going from 1
numbers ending in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, to 12 to 23, etc. What pattern do you see?
and 0. Does the second row have the
same pattern? What about row 3? What
about each of the remaining rows?
7. Look at the column that starts with 8.
From there, count by 10s. For example: 8,
18, 28. How much more is the number
2. Look at the first column. What number below any given number on the chart?
appears in each number in the column? Is Why would you say that counting down-
there a pattern in the column? ward is like counting by 10s? What about
counting upward?
Write About It
Of all the patterns that you have seen on the
One–Hundred Chart, which one interests you the most?
22
Name
2 10 5 8 4
12 20 15 18 14
23
Name
1. 7.
74
70
2. 8.
40
3.
95
85 9.
4.
13
99
5.
24 10.
13
6.
69
24
Name
25
Name
Skip to My 2s
26
Name
Skip to My 2s
. . . BACKWARD!
Directions: List the next five numbers in
each pattern below. Count backward by 2s.
We started the first one for you.
27
Name
30
10 80 90 160 71 136
28
Name
1. 50
Start 25
150
2. 600 575 Start
275
750
Start
Caution
0
3. 95 Caution
0 925
5 90
87 Sta
rt 4.
625 575
600
150 100 50 Start Caution
5. 450
400 6.
550
750
Start
1,000 950 900
Caution
29
Name
Lucky 7
Directions: There are 19 numbers between 0 and 100 that have a 7 in
them. List all of those numbers below.
30
Name
TV set 1 gallon
$268.00 of gas
$1.41
Crayon set 1 gallon
$3.25 of milk
Bar of soa $2.79
p
$2.19
Sneakers 1-pound
$24.95 of peanujar Sweater
butter t $13.50
$2.49
31
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
Doubles Are
No Trouble!
Directions: Find the sums of
the doubled numbers below.
18.
_____ + _____ = 12
32
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
1. 2 2. 3.
9
8 7
4
5.
4.
8 6.
10
7. 5 1
9.
8.
10. 4
6
3
33
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
2 . 7 + 7 = ________ 5 . 6 + 6 = ________
7 + 6 = ________ 6 + 5 = ________
7 + 8 = ________ 6 + 7 = ________
3 . 5 + 5 = ________ 6 . 1 0 + 1 0 = ________
5 + 6 = ________ 1 0 + 1 1 = ________
5 + 4 = ________ 1 0 + 9 = ________
34
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
35
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
4 + ? = 7
1. 2 + =7 6. 8 + = 17
2. + 4 =9 7. 5 + = 13
3. 6 + = 11 8. 7 + = 14
4. + 7 = 12 9. + 9 = 12
5. + 9 = 16 10. 6 + = 13
36
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
What’s the
Missing Number?
Directions: Find the missing number to
complete each addition fact. See the
example below.
Example:
When you see 3, 4, 7, think 3 + 4 = 7.
So when you see 3, ___, 7, think 3 +___ = 7.
The missing number is 4.
37
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
Examples:
Here is the number Here is the number
family for 3 + 4 = 7: family for 9 + 5 = 14:
3+4=7 9 + 5 = 14
4+3=7 5 + 9 = 14
7–3=4 14 – 9 = 5
7–4=3 14 – 5 = 9
3. 4 + 6 = 10 6. 6 + 5 = 11 9. 7 + 6 = 13 12. _________
_________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ 11 – 4 = 7
_________ _________ _________ _________
38
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
NUM BE R FACT S
40
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
Directions: Mentally add the number inside the circle to each of the
numbers outside. Instead of carrying over, jump to the next 10s.
29 ____
____ 85 9 18 ____
68 ____
____ 4 ____ 29
2. 36 ____ 5.
7
87 ____
____ 44
____ 75
89 ____
____ 77
____ 36
5 19 ____
____ 17
3. 6. 79 ____
76 ____
8 6
____ 87
____ 73 68 ____
35 ____ ____ 45 36 ____
____ 68
41
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
1. 32 132
______ 11. 900 ______
2. 42 ______ 12. 2,614 ______
3. 67 ______ 13. 1,405 ______
4. 100 ______ 14. 8,888 ______
5. 107 ______ 15. 5,421 ______
6. 313 ______ 16. 5,015 ______
7. 601 ______ 17. 4,900 ______
8. 728 ______ 18. 3,027 ______
9. 899 ______ 19. 1,111 ______
10. 524 ______ 20. 6,490 ______
42
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
1. 4.
100 +____ 800 + ____
200 + ____ 825 + ____
125 +____ 600 +____
250 + ____ 300 750 + ____ 850
50 +____ 725 + ____ 700 +____
150 + ____
5.
2. 600 +____
300 +____ 690 + ____
100 + ____
686 +____
500 425 +____ 680 + ____ 692
450 + ____
675 +____
475 +____ 650 + ____
350 + ____
43
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
Examples:
3+?=9 100 100 100 100
–____
38 –____
53 –____
86 –____
24
62 47 14 76
8 + ? = 10
Brian: I see part of the pattern. For next example. For the tens digit, 5 plus
the tens-place number, you think 3 plus what number makes 9? The answer is
what number makes 9. The answer is 4. Then, for the ones digit, 3 plus what
6. But how do you get the ones-place number makes 10? The answer is 7.
number so quickly? The final answer then is 4 and 7, or 47.
Bella: Easy! Just think 8 plus what Bella: Does the pattern work for
number makes 10. The answer is 2. the next two examples?
Brian: Wait, Bella. Let me do the Brian: It sure does! See for yourself.
Write About It
Explain how Brian got 14 for the third problem and 76 for the last problem.
44
Name
NUM BE R FACT S
45
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Pick a Pair
30
of Pears 10
70 90
Directions: Fill in the 50
blanks with a number
from a pear at right. You
can use each number
more than once.
Write About It
Tell why it’s impossible to pick 2 pears to make 75.
46
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
1. 4 + 2 + 5 – 2 = 9
2. 3 + 2 + 4 – 7 =
3. 10 – 6 + 4 – 2 =
4. 10 + 20 + 5 – 10 =
5. 15 – 7 + 8 + 4 =
6. 25 – 5 + 10 – 8 =
7. 40 – 8 – 2 – 10 =
8. 80 + 20 + 200 + 300 =
On Your Own
On a separate sheet of paper, make your own number chain links.
47
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
+ -
4 1 8 5 7
9 3 6 0 2
On Your Own
Make this activity more challenging by adding or subtracting more
than three numbers. You can also replace the plus and minus signs
with the multiplication (x) and division (÷) signs.
48
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Write About It
Explain how you solved problem #16 mentally.
49
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
On Your Own
Make up your own letter-values activity on a separate sheet of paper.
Remember to use numbers that can easily be added mentally.
50
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Write About It
Explain how you solved problem #9.
51
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Exercise Your
Number Sense
Directions: Change each number
below by mentally adding and
subtracting. We did the first one
for you. Finish one column completely
before you move on to the next.
+ 10 – 10 +5 –5 +9 –9 + 11 – 11 + 100 + 99 + 1,000
Write About It
What strategy did you use to find the answer to 90 minus 11?
52
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Circle the
Largest Answer
Directions: For each number, circle the equation with the largest
answer. You should be able to explain why you chose your answer.
1. 35 + 1 4. 18 + 5 8. 100 + 30
35 + 0 19 + 5 100 + 20
35 + 2 17 + 5 100 + 40
2. 13 – 6 5. 25 + 5 + 4 9. 95 + 5
13 – 5 25 + 10 100 – 0
13 – 7 25 + 2 + 3 11 + 90
7. 20 + 30
20 + 40
20 + 20
53
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
1. 2. 3.
34 x 10 20 + 2 100
340 + 1 10 + 10 + 3 5 x 25
350 – 2 25 11 x 10
4. 5. 6. 7.
400 x 3 500 + 400 6x7 25 + 25 + 10
300 x 4 1,000 – 101 40 – 5 10 + 25 + 25 + 6
301 x 4 1,200 – 301 2 x 10 x 2 50 + 25
8. 9. 10.
1/2 of 100 2 x 200 10 + 10 + 12 + 2
40 + 11 600 – 150 20 + 4 + 1
60 – 8 500 – 150 20 + 20
11. 12.
3,000 + 8,000 $3.95 + $3.95
12,000 + 100 $3.95 + $3.90
13,000 – 200 $2.95 + $3.95
54
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SK I LL BUI L DE R S
In Your Estimation . . .
Directions: Use estimation to solve the
problems below.
55
Name
SK I LL BUI L DE R S
Example: + = 12
– =2
The numbers that solve the first equation are the
same numbers that solve the second equation:
7 + 5 = 12
7–5=2
1. 4. 7.
x = 24 x = 56 x = 54
+ = 11 – =1 + = 15
2. 5. 8.
x = 28 x = 15 x = 32
– =3 – =2 – =4
3. 6. 9.
x = 81 x = 49 x = 48
+ = 18 – =0 – =2
56
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SK I LL BUI L DE R S
CONCENTRATION:
Mental–Math Style
Directions: Play this game with a
friend. First, cut out the cards below.
Some cards contain problems, while
others have answers to those problems.
Place the cards facedown in three rows
on a table. With players taking turns,
flip over two cards. If you turn over a card with a problem and another
card with its matching answer, you get to keep both cards. Take another
turn. Otherwise, turn the cards facedown again and the other player
takes a turn. Keep playing until no cards remain. The person with the
most matching cards wins.
(7 x 6) + 5 59 (6 x 6) + 3 49
A B C D
27 (8 x 5) + 9 37 (7 x 7) + 2
E F G H
(5 x 4) + 7 80 47 (8 x 9) + 8
I J K L
39 (7 x 4) + 9 (9 x 6) + 5 51
M N O P
57
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SK I LL BUI L DE R S
What’s Left?
Directions: When you solve the
division problems here, each will have a
remainder that’s equal to one of the
numbers below. Write the remainder
for each problem in the space provided.
Remainders
0 1 2 3 4
1. 7 ÷ 2 _____ 11. 27 ÷ 5 _____ 21. 24 ÷ 5 _____
58
Name
MON E Y MAT H
Write About It
Say you have $1.00. Would you get more or less change
if you spend 61¢ instead of 60¢? Explain your answer.
59
Name
MON E Y MAT H
How Much Is in
the Piggy Bank?
Directions: Six students in Mrs. Ramon’s class save money in a piggy
bank. Below are the students’ piggy banks. How much does each student
have in his or her piggy bank? Write your answer in the blank.
$1 $1 $1 $1 $5 $5 $5 $1 $1 $1
$1 $1
$1 $1 1 5
5 5
1 1 1 10
1 1
50 1
1 1 1 1
25 10 10 25 10
50 1
1 1
1
60
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MON E Y MAT H
Calculator–Free
Shopping
Directions: Below are items
found in a grocery and their cost.
Read each person’s shopping list
and use mental math to figure out
how much each person spent.
Bread
$1.50
’s
Cereal O Chewing gum
$.25
Coffee
Soda $3.00
$1.50
Cereal
$2.00 Peanut butter
Milk $1.50 Toothpaste
$1.25 $2.50
61
Name
MON E Y MAT H
Calculator–Free Shopping
Write About It
Explain how you figured out how much Brian spent at the supermarket.
62
Name
MON E Y MAT H
Write About It
How did you estimate how much Andrea spent?
63
Name
MON E Y MAT H
Counting Coins
Directions: For three months, the Zuk family saved
coins in a jar. Each month, a family member saved
only one kind of coin. Each month, each family
member selected a different coin to save. Below is a chart of what each
person saved for each of the three months. What is the total amount
each person saved each month? We started the first month for you.
September Savings
FAMILY MEMBER NUMBER OF COINS SAVED TYPE OF COIN SAVED TOTAL AMOUNT SAVED
Mr. Zuk 16 Half dollar (50¢) $8.00
Mrs. Zuk 13 Quarter (25¢) $3.25
Frannie 39 Dime (10¢) _________
Stella Ann 11 Nickel (5¢) _________
Tyrone 160 Penny (1¢) _________
October Savings
FAMILY MEMBER NUMBER OF COINS SAVED TYPE OF COIN SAVED TOTAL AMOUNT SAVED
Mr. Zuk 30 Quarter _________
Mrs. Zuk 10 Nickel _________
Frannie 98 Penny _________
Stella Ann 8 Half dollar _________
Tyrone 10 Dime _________
November Savings
FAMILY MEMBER NUMBER OF COINS SAVED TYPE OF COIN SAVED TOTAL AMOUNT SAVED
Mr. Zuk 25 Nickel _________
Mrs. Zuk 316 Penny _________
Frannie 10 Half dollar _________
Stella Ann 20 Dime _________
Tyrone 12 Quarter _________
Write About It
Explain how you figured out how much 13 quarters are worth.
64
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Unmasking Numbers
A bunch of numbers went to a
masquerade ball. The host, Count
Numero Uno, decided to have a
contest and award a prize to any
guest who could name every other guest.
Each number was required to provide
a clue about his or her identity. See
how many numbered guests you can
name using the clues provided.
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Mental Math:
Lightning Round!
Directions: Answer each question
below as quickly as you can.
1. How many dimes 7. How many eggs are 12. How many teeth do
equal a dollar? in 4 dozen eggs? two average people
_________________ ________________ have if the average
person has 32 teeth?
2. How many legs do 7 8. How many nickels ________________
hippopotamuses have? equal $2?
________________ ________________ 13. How many pages did
I read if I started at
3. How many quarters 9. How many ounces the beginning of
equal $5? are in 2 pounds? page 41 and stopped
________________ (16 ounces equal at the end of page
1 pound) 91?
4. How many fingers ________________ ________________
do 12 people have?
________________ 10. How tall is Richard if 14. How much will Leon
Bob is 6 feet tall and spend on 3 bunches
5. How many paws do Richard is half his of flowers that cost
10 dogs have? size? $2.95 a bunch?
________________ ________________ ________________
6. How many tires do 11. How many eyes do 15. How many faces are
300 cars have? 9 bees have if each there on 7 dice if
(Include the spare bee has 5 eyes? each die has 6 faces?
tire in the trunk.) ________________ ________________
________________
Write About It
How did you use mental math to solve problem 14?
66
Name
Number Search
Directions: Look at the group of
numbers below. For each problem,
search through the numbers and
list those that solve the problem.
There can be more than one
answer for each problem.
10 7 18 5 1 6
8 3 19 2 9 12
1. Which numbers have a sum of 15? 8. Which three numbers have a sum
of 13?
67
Name
Batter Up!
68
Name
Time, Please?
Look at the clock here.
What time does it say?
________________________
Write About It
Explain how you subtracted 30 minutes from 8:06 to get the answer.
69
Name
What Page
Is Zeena on?
Directions: Answer each question below. Write your answer in the blanks.
1. Zeena is reading an exciting story 3. Justin is reading a book about caring
about spaceships. She is on page 46 of for a pet dog. He is on page 95.
the story.What page would Zeena be a. If he reads 15 more pages, he will be
on if she read on page __________.
a. 3 more pages? __________ b. If he reads 10 more pages, he will
b. 10 more pages? __________ be on page __________.
c. 20 more pages? __________ c. If he reads 23 more pages, he will be
d. 40 more pages? __________ on page __________.
e. 50 more pages? __________ d. If he reads 39 more pages, he will
be on page __________.
2. What page was Zeena on for each e. If he reads 50 more pages, he will be
day of the week? on page __________.
a. On Friday, she was 10 pages back from f. When he was 5 pages back from
page 46. She was on page __________. page 95, he was on page __________.
b. On Thursday, she was 20 pages back g. When he was 10 pages back from
from page 46. She was on page ______. page 95, he was on page __________.
c. On Wednesday, she was 25 pages back h. When he was 25 pages back from
from page 46. She was on page ______. page 95, he was on page __________.
d. On Tuesday, she was 28 pages back i. When he was 50 pages back from
from page 46. She was on page ________. page 95, he was on page __________.
e. On Monday, she was 36 pages back j. When he was 65 pages back from
from page 46. She was on page ______. page 95, he was on page __________.
Write About It
Explain how you figure out what page Justin was on
50 pages ago, if he is on page 95 now.
70
Name
1. Little Red Riding Hood bought 5 6. Pinocchio is having a pizza party. If one
bouquets for her grandmother, Mrs. pizza feeds 6 people, how many pizzas
Wolf. Each bouquet cost $3. How are needed to feed 54 people?
much did she spend on the bouquets ______________
for Granny Wolf? ______________
7. Goldilocks is saving money for a new
2. A Fredmobile holds 4 students red cape that costs $27. She has saved
going on a field trip to the dinosaur $15 so far. How much more money
museum. How many Fredmobiles will does she need to save to buy her new
Fred Flintstone need to transport red cape? ______________
Pebble’s class of 28 students to the
museum? ______________ 8. Sleeping Beauty needs her beauty
sleep. She sleeps an average of 9 hours
3. Snow White won $35 playing Bingo. a day. At that rate, how many hours of
She wants to give an equal amount of beauty sleep does she get in one
her winnings to each of the 7 dwarfs. week? ______________
How much does each dwarf receive?
______________ 9. Hansel and Gretel walk at the rate of
3 miles per hour. If they walked for 7
4. Each page of Cinderella’s photo album hours in the forest, did they walk more
can hold 8 pictures. How many photos or less than 20 miles? ______________
can she put in her album if the album
has 9 pages? ______________ 10. Humpty Dumpty measured his waist
and found that it was 350 centimeters
5. Miss Piggy decided to buy Kermit a around. Old King Cole, the merry old
scarf and Elmo a hat for their birth- soul, did the same. He measured 310
days. The scarf cost $6 and the hat centimeters around. How many cen-
cost $5. She gave the store clerk $15. timeters smaller around the waist is
How much change did she get back? Old King Cole than Humpty Dumpty?
______________ ______________
71
Name
Math Tales
Directions: Figure out the year
when the fairy-tale character did or
will do his or her deed. Remember
to use mental math.
1. It’s the year 2000. The Three Little 6. It’s the year 2000. Little Bo Peep lost
Pigs will wear wigs in 25 years. In what her sheep named Beep 35 years ago. In
year will the pigs wear wigs? what year was Beep the sheep lost?
______________ ______________
2. It’s the year 2000. The Goose That 7. It’s the year 2000. Cinderella will meet
Laid the Golden Egg got a peg leg 10 her fella, Jella, 125 years from now. In
years ago. In what year did the goose what year will Cinderella and her fella,
get the peg leg? ______________ Jella, meet? ______________
3. It’s the year 2000. Tom Thumb will 8. It’s the year 2000. In 201 years, Mother
eat some plums 50 years from now. Hubbard, who will go to the cupboard
When will Tom Thumb start to eat to get her dog a bone, will find a stone
plums? ______________ instead. In what year will Mother
Hubbard find a stone instead of a
4. It’s the year 2000. Jack Frost got bone? ______________
lost 25 years ago. In what year did
Jack get lost? ______________ 9. It’s the year 2000. Babe the Blue Ox
chased a fox from a box 90 years ago.
5. It’s the year 2000. Mary’s Little Lamb When was the fox chased from the
never ate ham until 50 years ago. In box by the ox? ______________
what year did the lamb start to eat
ham? ______________ 10. It’s the year 2000. Peter Piper will pick
a peck of pickled peppers 40 years
from now. When will that peck of
pickled peppers be picked? __________
Write About It
How would you use mental math to find out how
old 25-year-old Peter Piper was 13 years ago?
72
Name
Be a Number Detective
1. The number is less than 160. 5. The number has two digits.
The number is greater than 145 + 5. The number’s digits are the same.
The last digit is between 0 and 3. The number is odd.
The number is odd. The sum of the digits in the number
What is the number? _________ is less than 20, but greater than 17.
What is the number? _________
2. The number is more than 3 x 25.
The number is less than 8 x 10. 6. The number is more than
The sum of the digits is 14. 4 x 6 x 25.
The number is odd. The number ends in two zeros.
What is the number? _________ The number is less than 800.
The first digit is odd.
3. The number is more than 2 x 17. What is the number? _________
The number is less than 2 x 19.
The number is even. 7. The number is more than 7 x 9.
The number ends in a figure greater The number is less than 8 x 9.
than 4. The ones-place digit is greater than 6.
The number can be divided by 9. The number is even.
What is the number? _________ What is the number? _________
4. The number is greater than 3 x 100. 8. The number is less than 1,000.
The number is less than 400 – 50. The number’s digits are triplets.
The number is odd. The digits are greater than 6.
The number does not end in 1, 3, 7, 9. The number is even.
The second digit is an even number What is the number? _________
less than 4, but more than 1.
What is the number? _________
73
Name
NUM BE R T RICKS
Subtraction Magic
Check out this subtraction magic. Amaze your
friends by instantly subtracting a number from
1,000,000! Here’s an example of how it’s done:
Example:
Think: 2 + ? = 9 1,000,000 Think: 7 + ? = 10
– 246,087
_________
753,913
Step 1: Start on the left.You Step 4: For the next digit,
get the first digit in your answer by think 0 + ? = 9. The answer is 9.
thinking 2 + ? = 9. The answer is 7.
Step 5: For the next digit,
Step 2: For the next digit, think 8 + ? = 9. The answer is 1.
think 4 + ? = 9. The answer is 5.
Step 6: For the last digit,
Step 3: For the next digit, think 7 + ? = 10. The answer
think 6 + ? = 9. The answer is 3. is 3.
74
Name
NUM BE R T RICKS
Step 1: Give a friend a copy of the magic How will you know what
cards below. number your friend has picked?
It’s easy! Just add up the first numbers in each card
Step 2: Ask your friend to pick a number that your friend pointed to. The sum of those first
from 1 to 31, but not to tell you. numbers is the number that your friend chose!
Step 3: Tell your friend to point to all of Here’s an example: Say your friend, Joe,
the cards that have his or her number. chose the number 9. He will point to the cards
that have the number 9 in them. One of those
Step 4: Wave your hands over the magic cards cards starts with the number 1 and the other
and, in a mysterious voice, chant these words: card starts with the number 8. You add 1 + 8
and get the answer 9! After you make your
"Oh magic cards! Oh magic cards! Tell me which chant, tell Joe that he picked the number 9.
number my friend is thinking. Give me an
inkling. Lucky 7, rabbit’s foot, the owl says give Now, try the trick on your friends and family.
me a hoot! Hocus Pocus let me find what’s in Remember: To do the trick successfully, you should
my friend’s mind, if you would be so kind." practice adding the first numbers on each card.
9 11 13 15 10 11 14 15 12 13 14 15
17 19 21 23 18 19 22 23 20 21 22 23
25 27 29 31 26 27 30 31 28 29 30 31
8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19
12 13 14 15 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31 28 29 30 31 75
Name
NUM BE R T RICKS
#19 #8 #3 #9
#18 #2 #4 #24
76
Name
NUM BE R T RICKS
Math Marvel
Here’s a fun addition trick you can do for your friends. You will be able to
give the answer to a problem before the numbers in the problem are
added together! Here’s how:
Step 1: You’ll need at least four people Step 5: Write 741 underneath 258. Why?
to do this trick. You need to subtract each of the digits in
Person C’s number from 9. So you subtract
Step 2: Ask Person A to write a three- 9 – 2 to get 7, 9 – 5 to get 4, and 9 – 8 to get 1.
digit number on a piece of paper. Make sure Your number is 741.
everyone can see the number he or she wrote.
Say, Person A wrote the number 847. Step 6: Ask Person D to write a three-digit
number below your number. Say Person D
Step 3: On another piece of paper, you writes 307.
write 2,845. Fold it and give it to Person B to
hold. Tell Person B not to look at the number. Step 7: Using the same strategy you used in
No one should look at the number until you Step 5, you write 692 underneath 307. To get
complete the trick.Why do you write 2,845? 692, you subtract 9 – 3, 9 – 0, and 9 – 7.
To do the trick, you need to put the Step 8: Ask all the people participating to
number 2 in front of the first digit of add all the numbers on the first piece of paper
Person A’s number. Then repeat the first together:
two numbers of Person A’s number (8 and 847 (Person A’s number)
4). Finally, subtract 2 from the last digit 258 (Person C’s number)
of Person A’s number (7 – 2) and write 741 (Your first number)
the difference (5) as the last digit of your 307 (Person D’s number)
number. + 692 (Your second number)
_____
2,845 (Sum)
Step 4: Ask Person C to write a three-digit
number on the same piece of paper that Person
A wrote his or her number. Make sure that Step 9: Ask Person B to unfold the piece
Person C’s number is below Person A’s number. of paper you gave him or her and read the
Say Person C wrote 258. So the piece of paper number on it. Your audience will be amazed
would look like this: that it’s the same number as the sum of all the
847 other numbers.
258
Step 10: Take a bow and enjoy the applause.
77
Answers
Look for Easy Numbers for 10 Is a Friend! No Looking! What’s Skip to My 2s (page 26)
E-Z Addition (page 9) (page 15) Missing? (page 24) 1. 12, 14, 16
1. 15 7. 40 1. 17 6. 12 2. 26, 28, 30, 32, 34
2. 19 8. 26 2. 11 7. 15 1. 74 77 3. 48, 50, 52, 54, 56
3. 14 9. 38 3. 14 8. 12 4. 80, 82, 84, 86, 88
4. 18 10. 47 4. 13 9. 11 84 87 5. 104, 106, 108, 110, 112
5. 17 11. 68 5. 13 10. 14 95 96 6. 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
6. 27 12. 83 2.
7. 27, 29, 31, 33, 35
9 Is Fine! (page 16) 26 27 20 30 8. 59, 61, 63, 65, 67
Look for More Easy 1. 15 6. 14 34 35 36 38 40 9. 85, 87, 89, 91, 93
Numbers in Addition 2. 11 7. 12 10. 103, 105, 107, 109, 111
(page 10) 3. 13 8. 17 3.
72 74 76 78
1. 22 9. 140 4. 16 9. 11 83 85 87 89 Skip to My 2s . . .
2. 27 10. 190 5. 18 10. 13 Backwards! (page 27)
3. 43 11. 60 4.
84 85 86 1. 6, 4, 2
4. 45 12. 93 Strategies for Adding 9 2. 34, 32, 30, 28, 26
91 92 93 97 98 99
5. 80 13. 140 to a Number (page 17) 3. 82, 80, 78, 76, 74
6. 97 14. 362 1. 23 11. 883 5. 4. 94, 92, 90, 88, 86
7. 62 15. 442 2. 37 12. 991 13 16 5. 102, 100, 98, 96, 94
8. 114 3. 46 13. 1,872 24 25 6. 144, 142, 140, 138, 136
4. 54 14. 2,453 33 36 7. 11, 9, 7, 5, 3
Make Easy Numbers Using 5. 75 15. 6,295 8. 15, 13, 11, 9, 7
10 and 100 (page 11) 6. 92 16. 7,656 6.
61 65 69 9. 31, 29, 27, 25, 23
1. f 7. j 7. 106 17. 5,244 78
10. 59, 57, 55, 53, 51
72 74 76
2. a 8. c 8. 215 18. 5,523
3. k 9. i 9. 426 19. 4,467 83 87 Ladders and Chutes
4. h 10. g 10. 534 20. 1,312 (page 28)
7.
5. e 11. l 56 59 Ladders:
6. b 12. d Easy Numbers Make 60 130 140 210 121 186
65 66 67 68 69 70
Happy Faces! (page 19)
Using Patterns of 10 1. 45 + 20 = 65 76 79 50 120 130 200 111 176
continues. 70 90 160
35
Breaking Up Numbers Is 2. 1 7 60 80 150
Easy to Do! (page 13) 3. 2; yes 10.
50 70 140
13 14 15 16
1. 78 11. 35 4. Yes; Even-number columns 40 60 130
2. 99 12. 33 are those that start with 2, 23 26 27
30 50 120
3. 98 13. 13 4, 6, 8, and 10, while the 33 36 37
20 40 110
4. 38 14. 31 odd-number columns start 43 46
5. 59 15. 35 with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9.
53 54 55 56 240 95 167
6. 99 16. 23 5. If you count by twos start-
7. 109 17. 16 ing with 2, the numbers 230 85 157
8. 89 18. 21 you count are even. If you After and Before Numbers 220 75 147
9. 95 19. 25 start with 3 and count by (page 25) 210 65 137
10. 99 20. 25 twos, the numbers you 1. 21 21. 2 200 55 127
count are odd. 2. 46 22. 6 190 45 117
Breaking Up for 6. Answers will vary. 3. 55 23. 7 180 35 107
Multiplication and Division 7. Each number is 10 more 4. 38 24. 5
(page 14) than the number above it. 5. 72 25. 20
1. 36 11. 6 Answers will vary. 6. 77 26. 16
2. 155 12. 7 8. 14; Answers will vary. 7. 95 27. 30 Follow the Winding Brick
3. 248 13. 6 9. 17; Answers will vary. 8. 86 28. 25 Road! (page 29)
4. 86 14. 8 10. A diagonal 9. 104 29. 42 1. 50
5. 96 15. 13 10. 109 30. 50 Start 25 75
200 225
100
6. 54 16. 12 Follow the Pattern 11. 53 31. 71 0 575
125
150
175
250
2. 625 60 Start
7. 180 17. 15 (page 23) 12. 30 32. 46 325 300
275
650 750 775
8. 104 18. 12 1. 2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 13. 94 33. 60 675 700 725
800
825
9. 168 19. 16 72, 82, 92 14. 70 34. 67 0
Start
Caution
850
95 425
10. 216 20. 12 2. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 15. 105 35. 84 3.
925
450 475
500 525
900
80, 90, 100 16. 75 36. 60 875
750 72
5 700
Sta
rt 4. 550
775 625 575
3. 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 17. 92 37. 63 850 600
00
825 8
150 100 50
75, 85, 95 18. 60 38. 72 250
200
Start Caution
4. 8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 19. 102 39. 89 5. 300 350 400 450 500 550
78, 88, 98 20. 110 40. 88 35
0
6.
600
400 650
5. 4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 450 500 550 600
700
74, 84, 94 Start
1,000 950 900 850
800
750
Caution
78
Lucky 7 (page 30) It’s All in the Number Hit the Target Number! Letter Have Values,Too!
1. 7 11. 73 Family! (page 38) (page 43) (page 50)
2. 17 12. 74 1. 5 + 4 = 9 7. 9 + 7 = 16 1. 100 + 200 4. 800 + 50 1. 45 11. 85
3. 27 13. 75 4+5=9 7 + 9 = 16 200 + 100 825 + 25 2. 30 12. 225
4. 37 14. 76 9-5=4 16 - 9 = 7 250 + 50 750 + 100 3. 150 13. 85
5. 47 15. 77 9-4=5 16 - 7 = 9 150 + 150 725 + 125 4. 145 14. 130
6. 57 16. 78 2. 3 + 8 = 11 8. 9 + 6 = 15 50 + 250 700 + 150 5. 160 15. 110
7. 67 17. 79 8 + 3 = 11 6 + 9 = 15 125 + 175 600 + 250 6. 70 16. 235
8. 70 18. 87 11- 3 = 8 15 - 9 = 6 7. 145 17. 30
9. 71 19. 97 11- 8 = 3 15 - 6 = 9 2. 300 + 200 5. 600 + 92 8. 135 18. 225
10. 72 3. 4 + 6 = 10 9. 7 + 6 = 13 100 + 400 690 + 2 9. 185 19. 85
There are twenty 7s in all. 6 + 4 = 10 6 + 7 = 13 450 + 50 680 +12 10. 220 20. 45
10 - 4 = 6 13 - 7 = 6 350 + 150 650 + 42
Doubles are No Trouble! 10 - 6 = 4 13 - 6 = 7 475 + 25 675 + 17 Calculate on Your
(page 32) 4. 7 + 6 = 13 10. 7 + 8 = 15 425 + 75 686 + 6 Calculator (page 51)
1. 10 10. 4 + 4 6 + 7 = 13 8 + 7 = 15 1. + 1 6. + 3,000
2. 4 11. 2 + 2 13 - 7 = 6 15 - 7 = 8 3. 100 + 900 2. + 20 7. + 6
3. 14 12. 9 + 9 13 - 6 = 7 15 - 8 = 7 800 + 200 3. + 100 8. + 60
4. 6 13. 5 + 5 5. 8 + 4 = 12 11. 8 + 5 = 13 600 + 400 4. – 20 9. – 76
5. 2 14. 8 + 8 4 + 8 = 12 5 + 8 = 13 550 + 450 5. – 2,000 10. – 300
6. 8 15. 3 + 3 12 - 8 = 4 13 - 8 = 5 300 + 700
7. 16 16. 1 + 1 12 - 4 = 8 13 - 5 = 8 50 + 950 Exercise Your Number
8. 12 17. 7 + 7 6. 6 + 5 = 11 12. 4 + 7 = 11 Sense (page 52)
9. 18 18. 6 + 6 5 + 6 = 11 7 + 4 = 11 Subtracting From 100 Is
+ 1,000
123 1,024
1,082
1,051
1,017
1,090
1,105
1,130
1,165
1,392
1,499
11 - 6 = 5 11 - 4 = 7 Easy – Part 2 (page 45)
Double the Number, 11 - 5 = 6 11 - 7 = 4 1. 57 7. 83
Double the Fun! (page 33) 2. 49 8. 61
+ 99
181
150
116
189
204
229
264
491
598
2. 9, 18, 36 +/– Flash Cards 3. 13 9. 29
(page 39)
124
3. 7, 14, 28 4. 32 10. 42
+ 100
182
151
117
190
205
230
265
492
599
4. 8, 16, 32 1. 3 6. 8 5. 65 11. 74
5. 1, 2, 4 2. 5 7. 4 6. 78 12. 23
13
119
154
381
488
– 11
71
40
79
94
6
6. 10, 20, 40 3. 9 8. 8
7. 5, 10, 20 4. 7 9. 9 Pick a Pair of Pears
35
101
116
141
176
403
510
+ 11
93
62
28
8. 6, 12, 24 5. 4 10. 6 (page 46)
9. 3, 6, 12 1. 10
15
121
156
383
490
73
42
81
96
–9
8
10. 4, 8, 16 x/÷ Flash Cards 2. 30
33
(page 40) 3. 70
114
139
174
401
508
91
60
26
99
+9
E-Z Strategy Using 1. 7 6. 7 4. 10
Doubles (page 34) 2. 4 7. 6 5. 50
19
77
100
125
160
387
494
46
12
85
–5
1. 16, 17, 15 4. 18, 17, 19 3. 7 8. 7 6. 30
29
110
135
170
397
504
2. 14, 13, 15 5. 12, 11, 13 4. 7 9. 6 7. 50
87
56
22
95
+5
3. 10, 11, 9 6. 20, 21, 19 5. 9 10. 4 8. 50 + 30 or 70 + 10
120
155
382
489
72
41
80
95
14
9. 50 + 10 or 30 + 30
7
You Can Half It! (page 35) Don’t Carry That 10! 10. 10 + 90 or 70 + 30 or + 10 – 10
100
115
140
175
402
509
34
92
61
27
1. 2 6. 40 (page 41) 50 + 50
2. 3 7. 50 1. 41 38; 91 88; 58 61; 11. 70 + 30 or 10 + 90 or
105
130
165
392
499
24
82
51
17
90
3. 5 8. 200 19 22; 29 32 50 + 50
4. 10 9. 300 2. 11 4; 51 44; 82 75; 12. 90 + 30 or 70 + 50
5. 30 10. 400 36 43; 89 96 13. 70 + 50 or 90 + 30 Circle the Largest Answer
3. 25 17; 81 73; 76 68; 14. 90 + 70 (page 53)
How Many Beans Are in 76 84; 35 43 1. 35 + 2
the Pot? (page 36) 4. 36 27; 94 85; 41 50; Number Chain Links 2. 13 – 5
1. 5 6. 9 18 27; 68 77 (page 47) 3. 145 + 0
2. 5 7. 8 5. 34 29; 82 77; 41 36; 1. 9 5. 20 4. 19 + 5
3. 5 8. 7 87 92; 19 24 2. 2 6. 22 5. 25 + 10
4. 5 9. 3 6. 93 87; 51 45; 79 85; 3. 6 7. 20 6. 100 – 10
5. 7 10. 7 68 74; 36 42 4. 25 8. 600 7. 20 + 40
8. 100 + 40
What’s the Missing Adding 100s and 1,000s Mental Math Can Save 9. 11 + 90
Number? (page 37) (page 42) Time (page 49) 10. 1,000 + 50
1. 5 11. 7 1. 132 17. 5,000 1. 99 9. 800
2. 2 12. 8 2. 142 18. 3,127 2. 100 10. 405
3. 3 13. 8 3. 167 19. 1,211 3. 94 11. 40
4. 4 14. 7 4. 200 20. 6,590 4. 100 12. 150
5. 2 15. 9 5. 207 21. 1,037 5. 301 13. 80
6. 8 16. 5 6. 413 22. 1,195 6. 700 14. 50
7. 4 17. 9 7. 701 23. 1,440 7. 10 15. 100
8. 3 18. 9 8. 828 24. 1,099 8. 144 16. 800
9. 7 19. 6 9. 999 25. 1,457
10. 9 20. 9 10. 624 26. 1,053
11. 1,000 27. 6,516
12. 2,714 28. 7,041
13. 1,505 29. 8,507
14. 8,988 30. 5,007
15. 5,521 31. 3,234
16. 5,115 32. 5,773
79
The Largest Number in What’s Your Change? Mental Math: Lightning Time, Please? (page 69)
a Diamond (page 54) (page 59) Round (page 66) 1. a. 8:10 3. a. 8:11
1. 350 – 2 1. 90 cents 10. 50 cents 1. 10 dimes b. 8:15 b. 8:16
2. 25 2. 20 cents 11. 75 cents 2. 28 legs c. 8:55 c. 8:31
3. 5 x 25 3. 25 cents 12. 80 cents 3. 20 quarters d. 9:10 d. 8:36
4. 301 x 4 4. 2 cents 13. 1 cent 4. 120 fingers e. 10:10 e. 8:39
5. 500 + 400 5. 10 cents 14. 6 cents 5. 40 paws f. 9:02
6. 6 x 7 6. 92 cents 15. 9 cents 6. 1,500 tires g. 10:45
7. 50 + 25 7. 15 cents 16. 40 cents 7. 48 eggs h. 10:36
8. 60 – 8 8. 70 cents 17. 39 cents 8. 40 nickels i. 10:30
9. 600 – 150 9. 85 cents 18. 60 cents 9. 32 ounces j. 11:00
10. 20 + 20 10. 3 feet
11. 13,000 – 200 How Much Is in the Piggy 11. 45 eyes 2. a. 7:50 4. a. 8:01
12. $3.95 + $3.95 Bank? (page 60) 12. 64 teeth b. 7:45 b. 7:56
Karen $2.27 13. 50 pages c. 7:47 c. 7:41
Thomas $.75 14. $8.85 d. 6:30 d. 7:36
In Your Estimation . . . Alvin $1.01 15. 42 faces e. 7:35 e. 7:33
(page 55) Rosita $7.38 f. 7:30
1. a, b, c, d Ricky $17.30 Number Search (page 67) g. 7:15
2. a, e Marta $3.52 1. Answers will vary h. 6:55
3. a. 4 b. 4 c. 3 2. Answers will vary i. 6:15
d. 3 e. 4 f. 3 Calculator-Free Shopping 3. 7 x 3, 7 x 3 x 1 j. 5:00
4. a. underestimate (pages 61–62) 4. Answers will vary
b. underestimated Ken $4.25 5. 10 x 7 What Page Is Zeena On?
c. overestimate Olivia $8.00 6. 3 and 5 (page 70)
d. underestimate Annette $6.25 7. 8 + 19 and 9 + 18 1. a. page 49 3. a. page 110
Bella $5.75 8. Answers will vary b. page 56 b. page 105
Shape Up With Numbers! Todd $3.50 9. Answers will vary c. page 66 c. page 118
(page 56) Marianne $6.50 10. 1 x 3 x 7 d. page 86 d. page 134
1. square = 8; triangle = 3 Ben $6.50 11. 12 and 2 or 18 and 3 e. page 96 e. page 145
2. square = 7; circle = 4 Brian $18.00 or 6 and 1 2. a. page 36 f. page 90
3. circle = 9 Tucker $4.00 12. 12 and 3 or 8 and 2 b. page 26 g. page 85
4. circle = 8; triangle = 7 c. page 21 h. page 70
5. triangle = 5; square = 3 Who Has Enough Money? Batter Up! (page 68) d. page 18 i. page 45
6. square = 7 (page 63) e. page 10 j. page 30
7. circle = 9; square = 6 TJ, Patty, Sally, and Andrea
8. triangle = 8; square = 4
9. circle = 8; square = 6 Counting Coins (page 64) 1. 2 Once Upon a Math
September (page 71)
Concentration: Mental- Frannie saved $3.90 1. $15
Math Style (page 57) Stella Ann saved $.55 1 4 2. 7 Fredmobiles
A matches K Tyrone saved $1.60 3 3. $5
C matches M October 4. 72 photos
F matches D Mr Zuk saved $7.50 5. $4
H matches P Mrs. Zuk saved $.50 6. 9 pizzas
5
I matches E Frannie saved $.98 7. $12
L matches J Stella Ann saved $4.00 8. 63 hours
N matches G Tyrone saved $1.00 9. more
O matches B November 10. 40 centimeters
Mr. Zuk saved $1.25
What’s Left? (page 58) Mrs. Zuk saved $3.16 2. 3 Math Tales (page 72)
1. 1 16. 2 Frannie saved $5.00 1. 2025 6. 1965
2. 0 17. 1 Stella Ann saved $2.00 2. 1990 7. 2125
3. 1 18. 4 Tyrone saved $3.00 5 1 3. 2050 8. 2201
4. 2 19. 0 4 4. 1975 9. 1910
5. 0 20. 0 Unmasking Numbers 5. 1950 10. 2040
6. 1 21. 4 (page 65)
7. 2 22. 0 Masked Guest #1: 6 2 Be a Number Detective
8. 0 23. 2 Masked Guest #2: 16 (page 73)
9. 2 24. 1 Masked Guest #3: 27 1. 151 5. 99
10. 3 25. 2 Masked Guest #4: 28 2. 77 6. 700
11. 2 26. 3 Masked Guest #5: 12 3. 36 7. 68
12. 1 27. 0 Masked Guest #6: 50 4. 325 8. 888
13. 1 28. 4 Masked Guest #7: 18 3. 4
14. 0 29. 0 Masked Guest #8: 49 Subtraction Magic
15. 1 30. 1 Masked Guest #9: 21 (page 74)
Masked Guest #10: 15 3 5 1. 5,138
1 2. 652
3. 88
4. 63,013
2 5. 572,321,086
6. 2,539
80