1.

A 100ha watershed has the following characteristics

a. Maximum length of travel of water in the catchment = 3500m
b. Difference in the elevation between most remote point on the catchment and the outlet = 65m
c. Land use/cover

Land use/cover Area(ha),Ai Runoff Coefficient,Ci

Forest 30 0.25
Pasture 10 0.16
Cultivated land 60 0.40

The maximum intensity-duration-frequency relationship for the watershed is given by

3.97T 0.165
i
( D  0.15) 0.733
Where i=intensity in cm/hr, T=return period in years ad D=duration of rainfall in hours. Estimate the 20-year
peak runoff the watershed that can be expected of the watershed.

Solution:

Equivalent runoff coefficient

 CiAi (30 x.25)  (10 x.16)  (60 x.40)

Ce  
 Ai 30  10  60
Ce  0.331
L  3500 m
H  65m

Time of concentration, by Kirpich method

0.01947 L0.77
Tc 
H 0.385
( )
L
0.01947 (3500) 0.77
Tc 
65 0.385
( )
3500
Tc  48.394 min

20-years peak runoff

CeiA
Q
3 .6
3.97T 0.165
i T  20 years
( D  .15) 0.733
48.394
3.97(20) 0.165 D hr
i 60
48.394
(  .15) 0.733
60
i  6.72cm / hr
 CeiA
Q
3 .6
A  100ha  1km 2
i  6.72cm / hr  67.2mm / hr
Ce  .331

.331(67.2)(1)
Q
3 .6
Q peakflow  6.18m 3 / s
2. Maximum flood discharge data of a river is provided in the table below. Perform the following analysis:
a. Establish frequency count
b. Frequency analysis
c. Cumulative frequency and probability tables and their plots.
d. Return periods at different ranges of rainfall.
e. A discussion on how the return periods can be used to estimate risks

Year Flood Year Flood Year Flood Year Flood Year Flood
(cumec) (cumec) (cumec) (cumec) (cumec)
1961 394.4 1971 193.9 1981 313.9 1991 338 2001 266.8
1962 543.2 1972 783.8 1982 207.5 1992 364.2 2002 614.8
1963 247.5 1973 187.1 1983 293.2 1993 268.7 2003 404.8
1964 292.1 1974 568.6 1984 256.8 1994 234.8 2004 303.4
1965 263.5 1975 280.9 1985 411.6 1995 312.1 2005 228.8
1966 397.9 1976 44.1 1986 468.9 1996 206.2 2006 374.9
1967 475.8 1977 342.3 1987 185.4 1997 329.8 2007 287.3
1968 302.5 1978 358.9 1988 367.2 1998 354.5 2008 231.6
1969 241.2 1979 344 1989 254.8 1999 609.1 2009 584.7
1970 776.5 1980 268.8 1990 328.2 2000 595.9 2010 190.1
A. Frequency Count
Rank Year Flood Frequency Rank Year Flood Frequency
(cumec) count (cumec) count
1 1972 783.8 1 26 1995 312.1 1
2 1970 776.5 1 27 2004 303.4 1
3 2002 614.8 1 28 1968 302.5 1
4 1975 609.1 1 29 1983 293.2 1
5 2000 595.5 1 30 1964 292.1 1
6 2009 584.7 1 31 2007 287.3 1
7 1974 568.6 1 32 1975 280.9 1
8 1962 543.2 1 33 1980 268.8 1
9 1967 475.8 1 34 1993 268.7 1
10 1986 468.9 1 35 2001 266.8 1
11 1985 411.6 1 36 1965 263.5 1
12 2003 404.8 1 37 1984 256.8 1
13 1966 397.9 1 38 1989 254.8 1
14 1961 394.4 1 39 1963 247.5 1
15 2006 374.9 1 40 1969 241.2 1
16 1988 367.2 1 41 1994 234.8 1
17 1992 364.2 1 42 2008 231.6 1
18 1978 358.9 1 43 2005 228.8 1
19 1998 354.5 1 44 1982 207.5 1
20 1979 344 1 45 1996 206.2 1
21 1977 342.3 1 46 1971 193.9 1
22 1991 338 1 47 2010 190.1 1
23 1997 329.8 1 48 1973 187.1 1
24 1990 328.2 1 49 1987 185.4 1
25 1981 313.9 1 50 1976 44.1 1

B. Frequency Analysis
C. Cumulative Frequency and probability table and their plots
Frequency count Cumulative
Frequency
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
1 10
1 11
1 12
1 13
1 14
1 15
1 16
1 17
1 18
1 19
1 20
1 21
1 22
1 23
1 24
1 25
1 26
1 27
1 28
1 29
1 30
1 31
1 32
1 33
1 34
1 35
1 36
1 37
1 38
1 39
1 40
1 41
1 42
1 43
1 44
1 45
1 46
1 47
1 48
1 49
1 50=n
3. Perform probability distribution fitting and determine the recurrence interval of 500 and 1000 years using
a. Gumbel’s (Extreme Value type I) method; and
b. Log Pearson Type II method

4. A water resources project has an expected life of 20 years. (a) For an acceptable risk of 5% against the
design flood, what design period is to be adopted? (b) If the above return period is adopted and the life of the
structure can be enhanced to 50 years, what is the new risk value?

5. A factory is proposed to be located on the edge of the 50 year flood plain of a river. If the design life of the
factory is 25 years, what is the reliability that it will not be flooded during its design life?

Solution:

1
R  (1  ) u
T
u  25 years
T  50 years
1 25
R  (1  )
50
R  0.603