Q1.

a)
14+4 = 18
X = 32x14/18
X = 24.88 Tons arial load on Quay

b)
External volume of container = 86.65m3
= 86.65 x 35.32 ft3
= 3050.08 ft3
External height x 45’ 9’ = 3050.08ft3
External height = 7.54’
Internal height = 7.53’-7’’
= 6’9’’
c)
Number of 20ft Containers Received = 180
1 TEU = 20ft Container
So, it means, we received 180 TEU.
d)
Specific gravity of sugar = 1.2
Density = S.G of sugar/ S.G of water
= 1.2/1
Density= 1.2 Ton/m3
Now, Density = Total weight/volume
1.2 = total weight/32
Hence Total weight = 32 x 1.2
= 38.4 tons (can be loaded in a container)
Q.2
Handling equipment help in transportation, packaging, consumption or distribution of products
or materials. There are four categories of main handling equipment
 1. Storage and Handling Equipment
They are usually involved in a non-automated process and help in storage of material and their
organization. The example are racks, stacking frames, shelves, bins, drawers, mezzanines and
work assist tools. (Thomas, 2020)
2. Engineered Systems
They are often automated systems, which work efficiently in development, transportation and
packaging process used in industries. For instance, Conveyor systems are efficiently involved in
transportation or loading of equipment in industries. Another example is Automatic Guided
Vehicles as they are computer programmed with built-in sensors to avoid bumping into things or
people. They can also be remotely controlled. (Thomas, 2020)
3. Industrial Trucks
They are often used in industries to transporting, shifting and loading of materials. The examples
include fork-lift trucks, pallet trucks, walkie stackers, platform trucks, order pickers, side loaders
and many types of automatic guided vehicles. They are often involved in bulk material handling
ensuring safety and efficiency of transport of load. (Thomas, 2020)
4. Bulk Material Handling Equipment
They are often involved in industries where heavy and bulky materials are produced. The
examples include bucket elevators, reclaimers, stackers, conveyors, grain elevators, silos and
hoppers. (Thomas, 2020)
Q.3
a) Liberalization and Privatization
Liberalization refers to the process of removing unnecessary controls and restrictions on the
smooth running of the business. To understands, it includes the following: (Gaikwad, 2019)
a) Eliminate the industrial license requirement in most industries.
b) Freedom to decide the extent of commercial activities.
c) Freedom in the pricing of goods and services.
d) Reduction in tax rates.
Privatization means the transfer of ownership or management of a business from the public
sector to the private sector. It also includes the following: (Gaikwad, 2019)
a) Divestment or privatization of goods through the sale of capital.
b) Denationalization or reprivatization.
c) Procurement: under which the government contracts services to other organizations that
produce and provide them.
b) Modal Split and Modal Shift
Modal shift refers to shifting of traffic or means of transport to another route and in turn,
lessening the congestion on the first taken route. It happens in many cities, where diversions are
made, so traffic rush can be lessened in peak hours. It is a highly useful concept in vehicles
carrying huge loads and occupying great space on road, as they are endangered from incoming
traffic and are a danger to traffic itself. (GMT, 2020)
Modal Split refers to a varying proportion or percentage of people using different modes of
transport at a given time. It’s a useful concept in used in google maps and many other
applications. It is also helpful in determining cost, distance, frequencies and capacities and
determining values for each mode of transportation (for instance, bus, air, walk, truck or cart
etc.). This concept is used by major industries for keeping up with the competitors such as, in bus
services, air services and transport services and using those values, determining the rate. There
are four steps of modal split modeling i.e. trip generation, trip distribution, trip assignment and
transport mode choice. (SCMwiki, 2020)
Q.4
Dangerous Goods or DG are the goods that pose a risk to health, safety and environment, when
they are being transported. The transport of dangerous goods by any means of transport requires
numerous precautionary and safety measures. Huge amounts of dangerous goods are transported
every day using shipping methods. In order to use an appropriate transport method for these
hazardous substances (HazMat), there is a suitable classification for them, which guarantees
maximum safety and caution. (Sharda, 2019)
In maritime transport, the classification of dangerous goods is based on the IMO’s SOLAS and
MARPOL convention, which finally finds its place in the IMDG or International Maritime
Dangerous Goods
 Group I: explosives
 Group II: gaseous materials
 Group III: flammable liquids
 Group IV: combustible solids
 Group V: Peroxide-containing materials, easily oxidizable.
 Group VI: highly toxic and infectious substances.
 Group VII: radioactive substances and substances
 Group VIII: Erosive materials
 Group IX: Dangerous substances and substances of various types.
In all of these headings, different subheadings are given for the categories from Group I to Group
VI (with the exception of Group III) in order to further subdivide the classification of dangerous
goods and to simplify packaging and storage. Dangerous goods. The subcategories of the
dangerous goods types can be listed as follows: (Sharda, 2019)
Group I has six subclasses that range from high explosive explosives to explosives that are not as
significant of a large scale explosion.
Group II comprises three subdivisions for flammable gases, compressed gases and gases, which
pose health risks due to inhalation in this order.
Group IV has three subdivisions for combustible solids, combustible materials and solids that
tend to produce combustible gases when they are tangent to water.
Group V has two subclasses that classify materials that are easily oxidized and those that contain
peroxides that tend to damage if impaired.
Group VI also includes two subdivisions that deal with toxic and radioactive materials and
substances.
Q.5
Based on modern equipment and the usual method of describing the distribution of moving and
non-driving wheels (transport or trailer) underneath a locomotive, there are two simple ground
rules. On the one hand, the wheels are not identified individually, but only the axles and, on the
other hand, the numbers of the rear wheels and the letters of the driving wheels. The letter or
number refers to the number of axes in a single table, for example: (Sharma, 2017)
A locomotive with two bogies (photo on the right), each bogie with two axles is a Bo-Bo or B-B.
Both are illustrated in this diagram. The difference between a Bo-Bo and a B-B is that the two
axles of a Bogie B are coupled via a tie rod (previously common, now obsolete) or because they
are both powered by the same motor. Unfortunately, there has been some confusion over the
years, as there have been a number of variations in the way these annotations are used. (Sharma,
2017)
 References
Gaikwad, H., 2019. Distinguish Between.Liberalisation And Privati Toppr.Com. [online] Toppr
Ask. Available at: <https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/distinguish-
betweenliberalisation-and-privatisation/> [Accessed 4 June 2020].
GMT, 2020. What Is The Modal Shift ? | Greenmodal Transport. [online] Greenmodal.eu.
Available at: <http://www.greenmodal.eu/en/content/what-modal-shift#:~:text=Modal
%20shift%20means%20replacing%20a,Observation> [Accessed 4 June 2020].
SCMwiki, 2020. Modal Split. [online] SCM wiki. Available at:
<https://scmwiki2012.wordpress.com/m/modal-split/> [Accessed 4 June 2020].
Sharda, 2019. A Classification Of Dangerous Goods. [online] Marineinsight.com. Available at:
https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-law/a-classification-of-dangerous-goods/
[Accessed 4 June 2020].
Sharma, A., 2017. What Is The Meaning Of Bo-Bo And Co-Co Bogies. [online] Quora. Available
at: <https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-meaning-of-bo-bo-and-co-co-bogies-in-Indian-
Railways> [Accessed 4 June 2020].
Thomas, 2020. Material Handling Equipment (Types, Applications And Suppliers). [online]
Thomasnet.com. Available at: <https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/materials-
handling/material-handling-equipment/#:~:text=The%20four%20main%20categories
%20of,trucks%2C%20and%20bulk%20material%20handling.> [Accessed 4 June 2020].