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ISHO for
CS voice
GPRS data
2G load
3G load
WCDMA data
• 3G
• LTE
BAL PCU
MAL PCM
MALD RA
BCF
TRX CH
ADJE
SEG
HOC
BTS1
POC
BTS2
ADJW
ADJL
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BSS Parameter Database Objects
BSC Base Station Controller SEG Segment
• Coverage and quality requirements to be fulfilled by adjacent 3G cells, so that they can be taken
as target cells
• Measurements of 3G adjacencies
• Trigger of handover to 3G
Idle
Idle
Cell reselection
Packet idle
qSearchP
sSearchC
Setting 0 1 … 6 7 8 9 10 … 14 15
dBm -98 -94 … -74 Always -78 -74 -70 … -54 Never
If average RxLev < -94 dBm UE always measures If average RxLev > -70 dBm
MS starts 3G measurements 3G cells MS starts 3G measurements
qSearchI/P/C
SEG/SEG/HOC, -98…-74 dBm or always or -78…-54 dBm or never
GSM 1800
WCDMA 900
Trigger of measurements
Average RxLev < F(qSearchI)
0 qSearchI 6
WCDMA 2100
GSM 900
Trigger of measurements
Average RxLev > F(qSearchI)
8 qSearchI 14
GSM
qSearchI = 7
WCDMA
qSearchI = 7
fddQOffset
SEG, -32…28 dB, -32 dB
fddQMin fddQMinOffset
SEG, -20…-6 dB, -12 dB SEG, 0…14 dB, 0 dB
fddQOffset = -8 dB
Ec/Io
Minimum quality requirement for WCDMA
time
5s
• Coverage of WCDMA cell might fall below QrxlevMin (3G parameter, see module 3)
• Unstable Ec/Io due to low coverage, might fall below Qqualmin + SseachRAT (see module 3)
• Synchronization of the MS with the network might fail due to lack of UL coverage
2G
• Only in GSM idle / GPRS packet idle mode, not in GPRS packet transfer mode
fddRSCPMin
SEG, -114…-84 dBm, -102
dBm
2G
• Direct camping to 3G can avoid LAU/RAU procedure which typically takes 25 seconds
Direct camping information indicated by BSC to all dual-mode MS when they report at least one 3G
neighbor cell
• Reported 3G cell used as target cell in Channel Release message (Information Element: “Cell
Selection Indication after release of TCH and SDCCH”)
• If several 3G neighbor cells reported by MS, the best one is used as a target for idle mode
camping
Network decides when MS changes cell and what the target cell is
Service-based
• Allows the operator to direct MS to preferred RAN according to the services used
• 3G can be selected according to SGSN Service UTRAN CCO BSSGP (Cell Change Order
BSSGP signaling) procedure even if the 2G serving cell signal level is good
Coverage-based IS-NCCR
Service UTRAN CCO information element can indicate the following about NCCR to WCDMA
• Should be performed
• If set to 1, inter-system NCCR is performed as soon as possible (if a good WCDMA cell
becomes available)
wcdmaFddNccrEnabled
BSC, 0…1, 0 = disabled
wcdmaFddNccrPreferred
BSC, 0…1, 1 = as soon as possible
Off
WCDMA FDD NCCR Preferred
On
Should not
Should be be performed
performed
Suitable GSM cell
available No IS-NCCR
Yes
No
Select suitable WCDMA cell
IS-NCRR to WCDMA
• C1 (GPRS server) ≤ 0
isnccrFddQualityThr
ADJW, -24…-0.5 dB, -15 dB
Introduction
BSS parameter objects for mobility from 2G to 3G
Cell re-selection from 2G to 3G
ISHO from 2G to 3G
ISHO Trigger
Penalty timers
Measurements of 3G cells
Possible trigger
• High load
• Low coverage
Load reason HO
GSM high
loaded
Coverage reason HO
WCDMA low
loaded
GSM
WCDMA
MSs in connected state are allowed to measure the neighbor WCDMA RAN cells of the serving
GSM cell (qSearchC parameter)
MS has sent neighbor WCDMA RAN cell measurements to BSC (see later in this module)
Early class mark sending allowed for mobiles in the serving GSM cell (newEstabCausesSupport
parameter set to 1 = enabled)
• Dual mode GSM/WCDMA MS sends a UTRAN CLASSMARK CHANGE message to the BSC
if early classmark sending is allowed in the serving GSM cell.
Inter-RAT measurements
as configured by qSearchC
Load threshold
2G/MSC 3G/MSC
(2) BSC receives service priority
from MSC with value
ISHO ‘should be performed’
RNC
BSC
BSC receives indication from the UE about its WCDMA RAN capability in the CLASSMARK
CHANGE message already on SDCCH
BSC receives service priority with the value ISHO 'should be performed' from the MSC in the
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message
UE receives information about adjacent WCDMA RAN cells from the BSC already on SDCCH
BSC receives measurement reports of WCDMA RAN adjacent cell already on SDCCH
Ec/No of target WCDMA RAN cell > Inter-System Direct Access threshold intSystemDaEcioThr
interSystemDa intSystemDaEcioThr
HOC, 0…1, 0 = disabled ADJW, -24…-0.5 dB, -11.5 dB
3. Intra-segment inter-band due to downlink level (from higher to lower frequency band)
4. Uplink quality
5. Downlink quality
6. Uplink level
7. Downlink level
9. Turn-around-corner MS
11. Fast/slow-moving MS
2. Intra-segment inter-band due to downlink level (from higher to lower frequency band)
3. Uplink quality
4. Downlink quality
5. AMR unpacking (uplink level and also uplink unpacking quality triggers)
6. Uplink level
7. AMR unpacking (downlink level and also downlink unpacking quality triggers)
8. Downlink level
Application levels
• Individual connection
• Individual cell
Coming from 3G
After successful ISHO from 3G to 2G, HO back to the same 3G cell not allowed for 30 s
(hard coded limit)
minIntBetweenHOReq
HOC, 0…31 s, 5 s
minIntBetweenUnsuccHOAttempt
HOC, 0…31 s, 3s
minIntUnsuccIsHO
HOC, 0…255s, 3s
No further ISHO allowed for this pair during the time wcdmaRanCellPenalty
ISHO from other GSM cells to affected WCDMA cell still allowed
failMoveThreshold triggerMeasPeriod
HOC, 0…100 %, 50 % BSC, 2…254 s, 128 s
wcdmaRanCellPenalty
HOC, 0…255 s, 127 s
No ISHO allowed back to this area during the time wcdmaRanSaiPenalty from any BSC cell
incomeRateThreshold triggerMeasPeriod
BSC, 0…255, 127 BSC, 2…254 s, 128 s
wcdmaRanSaiPenalty
BSC, 0…255 s, 127 s
WCDMA GSM
cell 1 cell 1
Service
area 1
cell 2 cell 2
cell 3
cell 3
Service
area 2
cell 4 cell 4
ALLOWED
• If more than fddMultiratRep 3G cells have been measured, just those ones with highest Ec/Io
are reported
fddMultiratRep
HOC, 0…3, 2
• Avoid 3G cells of low coverage to be taken as targets (same motivation as for enhanced
cell reselection)
• Value 6…36 dB → coverage must exceed the minimum acceptable level by specified margin
fddRepThr2
HOC, -115…-53 dBm. -105 dBm
QrxlevMin ReportingThresholdFdd
WCEL, -119…-25 dBm. -115 dBm HOC, 0…36 dB or never, 0 dB
averagingWindowSizeAdjCell
HOC, 1…32 SACCH periods, 6 SACCH periods
allUtranAdjAver
HOC, 0...1, -
noOfZeroResUtran
HOC, 0...32, 5
2G 94 = Ec/Io per
3G adjacency
93 = HO per 3G
adjacency 3G
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HO Measurements
Handover attempt and success for each 2G cell
Both for outgoing and incoming handover
• Number of attempts
• Number of successes
Lack of resources
BSS problems
All failures
Etc….
Attempts Successes
• Number of attempts
• Number of successes
Attempts Successes
• LAC / SAC ID
• PLMN ID
• Cell ID
ATTENTION: The cell IDs for the adjacencies 1…32 are set by the “counters” 93259…93290
Number of reports
Intermediate
Ec/Io Good
Ec/Io
Bad Ec/Io
LOWER EC/NO UPPER EC/NO
LIMIT LIMIT Ec/Io
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UTRAN Neighbouring Cell Signal Level
Measurements
Counters for Ec//Io statistics
For each adjacent cell 6 counters
• LAC / RNC ID
• PLMN ID
• Cell ID
• No attempts to nearby cell → check whether SC is declared correctly in BSC and RNC
data base
• High failure rate (several 10%) → besides air interface performance check for SC clash
• 100% failure rate → check for inconsistency between RNC, BSC and core network data
bases (e.g. CI, LAC and RAC declarations
successful_outgoing_ISHOs successful_incoming_ISHOs
ISHO_success_per_adjacency
outgoing_ISHO_attempts incoming_ISHO_attempts
95 = NCCR
per 2G cell
2G
27 = NCCR
per 3G 3G
adjacency
95005 = PCCO_SENT_DUE_COVERAGE_ISNCCR
• Source cell
• Trigger
• Target cell
• Success
• IMSI of traced MS
• No attempts to nearby cell → check whether SC is declared correctly in BSC and RNC
data base
• High failure rate (several 10%) → besides air interface performance check for SC clash
• 100% failure rate → check for inconsistency between RNC, BSC and core network data
bases (e.g. CI, LAC and RAC declarations
successful_ISNCCRs
ISNCCR_success_per_adjacency
ISNCCR_attempts