CHENAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY GUJRANWALA
(AFFILIATED UET LAHORE)

A project on
5G ANTENNA DESIG & DEVELOPMENT FOR IOT APPLICATION

By

Group Member
Shahzaib Fiaz Roll # 2016-UET-CCET-EE-12
Nauman Abid Ch Roll # 2016-UET-CCET-EE-24
Abdul Hameed Roll # 2016-UET-CCET-EE-18
Hassam Ahmed Roll # 2016-UET-CCET-EE-16

B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Session:2016-2020
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER-1....................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................7

Microstrip Patch Antenna................................................................................................................7

Antenna Characteristics:..................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER-2..................................................................................................................................10

Advantages and Disadvantages:....................................................................................................10

Applications...................................................................................................................................11

Mobile communication:.............................................................................................................11

Satellite communication:...........................................................................................................11

Global positioning system:........................................................................................................11

Direct broadcast satellite system:..............................................................................................12

Antenna for pedestrian:..............................................................................................................12

In radar applications:.................................................................................................................12

Application in medical science:.................................................................................................12

CHAPTER-3..................................................................................................................................13

DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS...........................................................................13

DESIGN MODEL.....................................................................................................................13

Microstrip antenna # 1...............................................................................................................13

Return Loss:...............................................................................................................................13

VSWR........................................................................................................................................14

3D Polar Plot:............................................................................................................................14

Gain............................................................................................................................................14

Microstrip antenna # 2...............................................................................................................15

Return Losses.............................................................................................................................15

VSWR........................................................................................................................................16

Gain............................................................................................................................................16

Microstrip antenna # 3...............................................................................................................17

Return Losses.............................................................................................................................17

VSWR........................................................................................................................................18

Gain............................................................................................................................................18

Microstrip antenna # 4...............................................................................................................19

Return Losses.............................................................................................................................19

VSWR........................................................................................................................................20

Gain............................................................................................................................................20
Figure 1: Structure of microstrip patch antenna.........................................................................8
Figure 2:Microstrip antenna..........................................................................................................13
Figure 3: Return loss for antenna...................................................................................................13
Figure 4:VSWR for antenna..........................................................................................................14
Figure 5:Gain of antenna...............................................................................................................14
Figure 6:Microstrip patch antenna.................................................................................................15
Figure 7:Return loss for antenna....................................................................................................15
Figure 8::VSWR for antenna.........................................................................................................16
Figure 9:Gain of antenna...............................................................................................................16
Figure 10:Microstrip patch antenna...............................................................................................17
Figure 11:Return loss for antenna..................................................................................................17
Figure 12::VSWR for antenna.......................................................................................................18
Figure 13:Gain of antenna.............................................................................................................18
Figure 14::Microstrip patch antenna..............................................................................................19
Figure 15:Return loss for antenna..................................................................................................19
Figure 16::VSWR for antenna.......................................................................................................20
Figure 17::Gain of antenna............................................................................................................20
 Abstract
This work presents a study of low-cost antennas and communication systems to support the
increasing demand for bandwidth in the next generation wireless communications and networks
(5G) and/or Internet of Things (IoT). The work was divided into three different fields all aimed
at low-cost solutions of enabling next generation networks (5G), IoT and Energy Harvesting.

Fifth generation (5G) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond
the current 4G, which will operate at millimeter-wave frequency band. In any wireless device,
the performance of radio communications depends on the design of an efficient antenna. This
thesis presents designs for microstrip antennas, where 24 to 38GHz is one of the standard
frequencies of the 5G communications. A parametric study to select the best design to use it in
the fss technique has been performed. The study included investigation on the impact of feeding
technique, substrate dielectric constant, substrate thickness and substrate loss tangent on the
antenna parameters.

Based on the best optimized single element patch, several microstrip antenna designs at 28 GHz
are proposed with number of elements and those designs meet the requirements of 5G antennas.
Commercial simulation software (HFSS) were utilized to design antenna.
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Microstrip Patch Antenna

In recent years, microstrip antennas have been widely used in both theoretical research and
engineering applications due to their light weight and thin profile configurations, low cost of
fabrication, reliability, conformal structure and ease of fabrication. Since there are lots of
applications requiring lightweight and flexible antennas such as aircraft, satellite, missile
applications and mobile communication; microstrip antennas are used to satisfy these
requirements. Such antennas have more advantages, e.g. low cost, fine profile, simple structure
and easy to construct on the inflexible surfaces. The major disadvantages of microstrip antennas
are low polarization purity and limit in frequency bandwidth; this is a good reason for us to find
solution to the problems.

The microstrip antenna radiates a exceptionally extensive beam broadside to the plane of the
substrate. Firstly, there are several antennas designs existing depending on the applications in our
daily life. In this work, we are going for a microstrip antenna which has several advantages over
other antennas. Microstrip antennas work at microwave frequencies making smaller and portable
antennas as size of antenna is inversely proportional to the frequency and directly proportional to
the wavelength of signal. These antennas are low profile antennas and are light weight. These
antennas make into commercial use as these are low cost and find applications in high
frequencies. It is a wide beam narrowband antenna can be manufactured easily by the printed
circuit technology such as metallic layers in a particular shape that is bonded on a dielectric
substrate which forms a radiating element and another metallic layer on the other side of
substrate as ground plane. This continuous shape can be used as the radiating patch. Instead of
using dielectric substrate some of the microstrip antennas use dielectric spacers which results in
wider bandwidth but in the cost of less ruggedness. Microstrip antennas are low profile antenna
and mechanical rugged and can be easily mounted on any planar and no planar surfaces. As these
antennas can fit anywhere, a wide research is going on these type of antennas and are to replace
other antennas in these applications.
Structure of microstrip patch antenna:

Microstrip antennas are appealing because of their light weight, conformability and occasional
value. These antennas may be incorporated with published strip-line feed networks and energetic
devices. That is a incredibly new location of antenna engineering. In its most essential shape, a
microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one facet of a dielectric substrate which
has a floor aircraft on the opposite facet as shown in Fig.1. The patch is usually made from
engaging in cloth together with copper or gold and can take any feasible shape. The radiating
patch and the feed traces are commonly photo etched at the dielectric substrate.

Figure 1: Structure of microstrip patch antenna

Antenna Characteristics:
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric powered energy into radio waves and
vice versa. It is usually used with radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio
transmitter material an electric present day oscillating at to the antenna’s terminals, and the
antenna radiates the power from the modern as electromagnetic waves in reception, an antenna
intercepts a number of the strength of an electromagnetic wave.
 CHAPTER-2

Advantages and Disadvantages:

Microstrip antenna is a low profile antenna that has mild weight and is very clean to set up and
due to which it's far very popular in hand held wi-fi gadgets such as cell telephones, pagers and
in a few excessive overall performance conversation systems together with in satellite for pc,
missile, space craft, air craft and so on. some of the main blessings of microstrip antenna are:

 less expensive and smooth to manufacture.

 may be planted without problems on any surface.

 Can effortlessly get reconfigurable traits.

 Can design antenna without difficulty with favored polarization.

 mechanically sturdy, Resistant towards vibration and shock.

 suitable to microwave integrated circuits (MIC's).

For excessive benefit and directivity and arrays of antennas can be without problems shaped (For
high gain and directivity and arrays of antennas can be easily formed)
Conversely microstrip antennas additionally have some of dangers and barriers while compared
to different antennas. a number of the main disadvantages of microstrip antennas are written
under:

 excessive first-rate factor.

 cross polarization.

 bad polarization efficiency.

  Suffers from spurious feed radiation.

 slender impedance band width (5% to 10% with none approach).

 excessive dielectric and conductor losses.

 sensitive to environment situations like temperature and humidity.

 sensitive to environment situations like temperature and humidity.

 Suffers from surface wave when high dielectric constant material is used.

 Low gain and strength dealing with functionality.

Applications
After a number of limitations because of the several advantages microstrip antenna found very
beneficial in special programs. Microstrip antenna broadly used inside the defense structures like
missiles, plane, satellites and rockets. Nowadays microstrip antenna is utilized in commercial
sectors because of its inexpensiveness and clean to manufacture gain with the aid of superior
revealed circuit technology, because of the improvement and ongoing studies within the vicinity
of microstrip antenna it's miles anticipated that in destiny after sometime most of the traditional
antenna will get replaced by way of microstrip antenna. A number of the predominant programs
of microstrip antennas are:
Mobile communication:
Antenna utilized in cell software ought to be mild weight, small size. Microstrip antenna possess
this whole requirement. The most of the cell programs are hand-held devices or pocket length
system, cellular telephones, UHF pagers and radar programs in vehicles like automobile, planes,
and ships.
Satellite communication:
In satellite tv for pc conversation antenna ought to have the round polarization. One of the main
benefit of microstrip antenna is that you'll be able to without difficulty design an antenna with
required polarization with the aid of the usage of dual feed networks and unique strategies
Global positioning system:
To start with the satellite based GPS gadget are used for only in army purposes GPS discovered
big application in anyone’s existence and now used commercially critical requirement in
vehicles, ships and planes to track the precise location satellites are running in GPS encircling
the earth in every 12 hours at altitude satellite tv for pc using two frequencies in L-band to
transmit the sign which is received receivers on earth.

Direct broadcast satellite system:

In many nations direct broadcasting system is used to offer the tv services. A excessive gain(-
33dB) antenna should be used at the ground via the person facet. A parabolic reflector antennas
are normally used are cumbersome requires area and stricken by snow and rain.
Antenna for pedestrian:
For pedestrian applications antenna should be as small as possible because of area constraints.
Low profile, light weight and small structure antennas are commonly used inside the handheld
pocket equipment. Microstrip antenna is the high-quality for candidate for that. numerous styles
of strategies can be used to reducing the dimensions of antenna like brief circuiting the patch or
the use of the excessive dielectric constant material.
In radar applications:
Radar software consisting of manpack radar, marine radar and secondary surveillance radar
requires antenna with suitable gain and beam width. An array of microstrip antenna with design
benefit and favored beam width may be used. For a few packages which includes sensing the sea
wave pace and path and for figuring out the ground soil grades synthetic method is used and two
arrays of patch aperture radar patch antennas separated via a proper distance are used on this
gadget.
Application in medical science:
In clinical science for treating the malignant tumors microwave strength is used to result in
hyperthermia. The microwave energy radiator used for this must be adaptable to the surface
being trated and must be light weight. Microstrip patch antenna is the simplest one that can fulfill
that requirement.
 CHAPTER-3
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
DESIGN MODEL
Microstrip antenna # 1
The below figure shows the basic design model of cpw micro strip patch antenna with a simple
structure having FSS liar and a feed line of length 6.5mm and width 3mm.

Figure 2:Microstrip antenna

Return Loss:

Figure 3: Return loss for antenna

VSWR
 Figure 4:VSWR for antenna

Fig.3 The graph shows return loss of antenna, the return loss is denoted by S(1,1). The value
must be less than -37.50dB for the better performance of antenna,
Fig.4 shows the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna. For good
performance of antenna, the VSWR value must be as minimum as possible i.e., less than 2 dB.
From the above plot we can observe that the VSWR of the proposed antenna id less than 2 dB.
3D Polar Plot:
Gain

Figure 5:Gain of antenna

Microstrip antenna # 2
The below figure shows the basic design model of cpw micro strip patch antenna with a simple
structure having FSS liar and a feed line of length 6.5mm and width 3mm.

Figure 6:Microstrip patch antenna

Return Losses

Figure 7:Return loss for antenna

VSWR
 Figure 8::VSWR for antenna

Fig.7 The graph shows return loss of antenna, the return loss is denoted by S(1,1). The value
must be less than -35dB for the better performance of antenna,
Fig.8 shows the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna. For good
performance of antenna, the VSWR value must be as minimum as possible i.e., less than 2 dB.
From the above plot we can observe that the VSWR of the proposed antenna id less than 2 dB

Gain

Figure 9:Gain of antenna

Microstrip antenna # 3
The below figure shows the basic design model of cpw micro strip patch antenna with a simple
 structure having FSS liar and a feed line of length 3mm and width 1mm.

Figure 10:Microstrip patch antenna

Return Losses

Figure 11:Return loss for antenna

VSWR
 Figure 12::VSWR for antenna

Fig.11 The graph shows return loss of antenna, the return loss is denoted by S(1,1). The value
must be less than -25dB for the better performance of antenna,
Fig.12 shows the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna. For good
performance of antenna, the VSWR value must be as minimum as possible i.e., less than 2 dB.
From the above plot we can observe that the VSWR of the proposed antenna id less than 2 dB

Gain

Figure 13:Gain of antenna

Microstrip antenna # 4
The below figure shows the basic design model of cpw micro strip patch antenna with a simple
structure having FSS liar and a feed line of length 6.5mm and width 3mm.
 Figure 14::Microstrip patch antenna

Return Losses

Figure 15:Return loss for antenna

VSWR
 Figure 16::VSWR for antenna

Fig.15 The graph shows return loss of antenna, the return loss is denoted by S(1,1). The value
must be less than -18dB for the better performance of antenna,
Fig.16 shows the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna. For good
performance of antenna, the VSWR value must be as minimum as possible i.e., less than 2 dB.
From the above plot we can observe that the VSWR of the proposed antenna id less than 2 dB

Gain

Figure 17::Gain of antenna