ELEMENTARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR and composition Book 4 CLASS 5 (For the class ut decided by Schoo! Book Selection Committee/Teachers concerned) by N.K, AGGARWALA MA, H.E.S.I, (Retd,) Former Director of Public Instruction, Haryana Edited by I. L. Wanchoo (3 GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHANGOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS ‘Sales & Registered Offic 11/1903, Chuna Mandi, Paharganj, New Dethi - 110085 Ahmedabad Chennai Guwahati Hyderabad Kochi Kolkata Bengaluru Bhopal Lucknow Patna + No, 203, 2nd Floor, Fomra Towers, 84-A, Acharya Jagdish C] + B18, Sectors Post Box : 5720, Phones : 23584658 & 23582812 E-mail : info@goyal-books.com website : wwwgoyal-books.com Administrative Offic 1, Sector 63, Noida-201301 (U.P) D: Phone : 0120-3830000, Fax : 0120-3830001 Branches : BL-Y, Shop No., Dev Castle, Opp. Radhe Krishna Complex, Jay Mala Society Road (Opp. St, Mary's School), Govindwadi, Isanpur Maninagar, Ahmedabad~383443, Mobile : 0925004030 + No.51 (Nev) 87 (Old), East CI Nagar, SthMain Raod, Nandanam, ‘Chennai-600 035 (Tamil Nadu) Phones : 044-24322767, Fax No, 044-24322777 : BishopPlaza, Col. J. Ali Road, Lakhtokia, Guwahati-781001 (Assam), Phoni )361-2735337 2 F-71841, First Floor, Agarwal Chambers, 5-9-1121, King Kothi Road, Hyderabad~S00001 Tele-fax : 23211332 Chelliyanthara House, Maplassery Road, VyttilaP.O., Kochi -682019 (Kerala) Phone: 0484-2305288 Bose Road, Kolkata-700014 Phone : 033-22262683 ‘Showrooms : 1681/5/4, Ground Floor, 3rd Main Ramamohanapuram, Bengaluru - $60 021, Phone : 080-23320655 + Plot No. 203, Zone-II, M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-462 O11 (M.P), Tele-fax : 0755-4271371 |, Mahanagar, Opposite P.A.C Main Gate, Lucknow-226006, Phone: 0522-2320841 + Ravi Kiran Apartment, Flat No, 2-A, Second floor, Near Water Pumping Station, Pani Tanki Lane, Pirmobani, Patna ~ 800003 © Reserved Edition : 2017 Published & Printed by Roshan Lal Goyal for Goyal Brothers Prakashan, New DelhiCONTENTS PART 1 — SIMPLE GRAMMAR 1. THE SENTENCE Exercises 1-3 2. KINDS OF SENTENCES Exercises 1-2 3. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE Exercises 1-5 4. THE NOUN — KINDS OF NOUNS Exercises 1-7 5. THE VERB — KINDS OF VERBS Exercises 1-4 6. THE ADJECTIVE — KINDS OF ADJECTIVES Exercises 1-4 7. THE ADVERB — KINDS OF ADVERBS Exercises 1-5 8. THE PRONOUN — KINDS OF PRONOUNS Exercises 1-9 9, THE PREPOSITION Exercises 1-4 10. THE CONJUNCTION Exercises 1-7 Revision Test 1 PART 2 — CORRECT USAGE 11. NUMBER Exercises 1-3 12, GENDER Exercises 1-3 13. DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS Exercises 1-2 12 12 5-7 57 8-14 9-14 15-18 16-18 19.22 20-22 23-27 25-27 28-33 28-33 34-38 35-38 39-42 40-42 43-45 46-49 48-49 50-52 51-52 53-54 5414. NOUN : POSSESSIVE CASE Exercises 1-4 15. PERSONAL PRONOUNS : NUMBER, GENDER AND CASE .. Exercises 1-7 16. ADJECTIVES : DEGREES OF COMPARISON Exercises 1-2 17. USE OF ARTICLES Exercise 1 18. TENSES Exercises 1-6 19. STRONG AND WEAK VERBS Exercises 1-2 20. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Exercises 1-2 21. AGREEMENT OF THE VERB WITH THE SUBJECT Exercises 1-3 22. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Exercises 1-6 ae 23. PUNCTUATION AND USES OF CAPITAL LETTERS Exercise 1 Revision Test 2 PART 3 — COMPREHENSION 24. COMPREHENSION PASSAGE Comprehension Passages 1 to 4 PART 4 — COMPOSITION 25. LETTER WRITING Exercise 1 oe 26. PARAGRAPH WRITING Exercise 1 27. STORY WRITING Exercise 1 PART 5 — VOCABULARY 28. VOCABULARY Exercises 1-3 55-57 56-57 58-61 59-61 62-65 64-65 66-69 68-69 70-73 11-73 14-17 7 78-81 80-81 82-85 83-85 86-94 88-94 95-96 96 97-99 100-106 101-106 107-109 108-109 110-112 110-112 113-116 115-116 117-123 122-123"PART 1—SIMPLE GRAMMAR The Sentence We know, when we speak or write we use words. We use these words in groups so that people can understand us. People will not understand us if our groups of words are not put in the proper order and makes sense. They should express a complete thought. Examples : (1) the hill went up Jack and Jill. (2) Jack and Jill went up the hill. The first sentence does not make sense but the second does. The second sentence follows the three rules of making a sentence. > 1. It makes complete sense. 2. It begins with a capital letter. 3. It ends with a full stop. A group of words that make complete sense is called a SENTENCE. Ay The following sentences are not written in proper order. Unjumble them and use proper punctuation marks. One is done for you. 1. something to father our mother told us about. Our mother told something to father about us. 2. fly bees flower to flower from 2 3. cheese butter and milk, made, are, from 4, ina months twelve are there year a. 5. washes and cups saucers she the tea after 6. mother my early gets up in the morning ie 7. his bad tools blames a workman 8, hare came Ashok ogo mites a fe taal9. with floor cleaned she a the brush 10. a corner sat in boy the little poor Tl. happiness is there no health without good at ten o'clock; in a corner; in the east; by day; at daybreak; Now look at these groups of words : for two hours: on the table; in the west; by night; in the daytime; These groups of words make sense but not complete sense. Such groups of words are called Phrases. Learn : A sentence has a Verb in it; a phrase does not. Jam Which of the following groups of words are sentences and which are phrases? Write ‘P' for phrases and ‘S' for sentences. 1. in the house once upon a time Aeroplanes zoom in a corner eu ae for my sake Tl, in a few days 13, Honesty is the best policy Ap 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 He is at home behind the door right or wrong in the garden now and then Might is right Take care of your health Change all the phrases in Exercise-2 into the sentences of your own. One is done for you. 1, The, children were playing in the house because it was rainingaS Kinds of Sentences A, Sentence can perform four kinds of functions. ~ For example— 1. A sentence can make a statement; as, = The sun rises in the east. 8 The boys were swimming in the river. Fe A sentence that states or declares something is called a Declarative Sentence or a Statement. 2. A sentence can ask a question; as, Who has broken this glass? a3 Where is the aeroplane? A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative Sentence or a Question, 3. A Sentence can give an order or make a request; as, Peter, shut the door. as 23 Please bring me a glass of water. A sentence that expresses a command, a request or a desire is called an Imperative Sentence. 4. A sentence can express some strong or sudden feeling; as, g How beautiful this rose is! What a noise they are making! $2 A sentence that expresses some strong or sudden feeling is called an Exclamatory Sentence or an Exclamation. B) From the above examples, it is clear that— "1, Every sentence begins with a Capital letier. 2.A Full Slop (.) is placed at the end of every Declarative or Imperative Sentence. Fs Sa3. A Question Mark (?) is placed at the end of every Inierrogative Sentence. 4. An Exclamation Mark (!) is placed at the end of every Exclamatory Sentence. Ay Read the sentences given below. Write in the space ‘D' for Declarative, ‘I’ for Interrogative, ‘Im' for imperative and ‘Ex’ for exclamatory sentences. 1. Keep off the grass. Im How old is your elder sister? Honesty is the best policy. How foolish | have been! ; The earth goes round the sun - <—@> All that gliters is not gold. ; Will you please allow me to sit down here. How do you do? Ce eN aH eEN What a horrible sight it was! 10. How many people were there? Jam Rewrite each of these sentences. There is something missing in all of them. 1. how sweet this rose smells 2. what is the time by your watch 2 3. shut the door, Roshan iy * Whe wos knocking onthe door 5. you must never lie or cheat 6. may God bless you with health 7. who has taken my pen without permission 8. what a thrilling movie it was 9. don’t make a noise 10. the sun went down at 5.30 p.m. xSs Subject and Predicate ‘A Every sentence has two parts: ~ (1) It talks about some person or thing. (2) It says something about that person or thing. In the sentence, “The cows are grazing in the field.”, we talk about the cows; and we say about them, that “they are grazing in the field.” The person or thing we speak about is called the Subject. What is said about the Subject is called the Predicate. B) Examine the Subject and the Predicate in each of the following ~ sentences: No. Subject Predicate 1. | Aman helped the blind man. | 2- 2._| The little girl [ is mopping the floor. 3. | Birds fly. So, we see that the Subject and the Predicate may each consist of a single word or a number of words. Apo Here are sentences which have been divided into two parts and the parts have been mixed up. Fit the right parts together to make sensible sentences. The first one has been done for you. 1. Flowers (a) sail on the sea 2. A policeman (b) shines at night 3. Hens (c) is made from cream 4. An aeroplane (d) lay eggs. 5. Trains (e) is a holy river. 6. Peas (f) flies in the sky. 7. The Ganga (g) wears a helmet. 8. Butter th) bloom in the garden 9. The moon (i) run on rails. 10. Ships (i) grow in pods.C Sometimes the Subject is understood or left out. In the following "sentences, the Subject You is left out : “Come in!” really means “You come in.” “Sit down!” really means “You sit down.” Apo Divide each of the following sentences into Subject and Predicate : 1. The earth moves round the sun The sheep are grazing in the field Gandhiji was respected by all his countrymen. . The village schoolmaster taught in his little school Breakfast is the first meal of the day. The mother of these children is a doctor. Tom always does his lessons well . The elephant has a long trunk The poor little boy's sums are all wrong 10. The man standing in the comer is a policeman we enaunren Sentence Structure o What did you learn about a sentence structure? ‘* The subject is usually at the beginning of a sentence. The man was asleep. The man is the subject. After the subject comes the Verb. Example : The sheep are grazing in the field. ‘© Objects are placed after the verbs. Example :|My teacher) | gave] [book] to everyone in class. Subject Verb Object ‘© Note that Subjects and Objects are nouns or pronouns. Apo Look at each underlined word or phrase in the sentences and say whether they are a subject, verb or object in the sentence. 1. It is great fun 2. There are 29 days in February in a leap year.3. Their house is next to a Mall 4, Five people are moving the piano. 5. We really enjoy camping Complete the conversation given below according to the instructions given in the brackets. One is done for you. Zubin: Hello Rashid. What is it that you have in your hand? Rashid : This is a (object) { Zubin : (subject) gave it to you? Rashid : The principal . (verb) it to (object) Zubin : Why? Rashid : | ... (verb) the 1500 mt race in school yesterday. Zubin WoW! (subject) wish | also won a medal in the races! Rashid oo (subject) will, YOU (verb) hard. Apo Underline the subjects and circle the objects in the sentences given below: 1. All children love (their parents) 2. The vegetable seller is pushing his cart down the street, Tom always studies hard . | miss my best friend very much. . My sister left her geometry box in school 3 4 5 6. We heard the news only at night. 7. Rohan sent a letter to his father yesterday. 8. We solved the big problem , 9. Mother baked a cake on my birthday. ; 10. A huge Alsatian dog chased the milkman.