ELEMENTARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR and composition Book 3 CLASS 4 (For the class as decided by Schoo! Book Selection Committee/Teachers concerned) by N.K, AGGARWALA MA, H.E.S.I, (Retd,) Former Director of Public Instruction, Haryana Edited by I. L. Wanchoo © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHANGOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS ‘Sales & Registered Offic 11/1903, Chuna Mandi, Paharganj, New Dethi - 110055 Ahmedabad Chennai Guwahati Hyderabad Kochi Kolkata Bengaluru Bhopal Lucknow Patna + No, 203, 2nd Floor, Fomra Towers, 84-A, Acharya Jagdish Cl + B18, Sectors Post Box : 5720, Phones : 23584658 & 23582812 E-mail : info@goyal-books.com ‘website : wwwgoyal-books.com Administrative Offic 1, Sector 63, Noida-201301 (U.P) D: Phone : 0120-3830000, Fax : 0120-3830001 Branches : BL-Y, Shop No., Dev Castle, Opp. Radhe Krishna Complex, Jay Mala Society Road (Opp. St, Mary's School), Govindwadi, Isanpur Maninagar, Ahmedabad~383443, Mobile : 0925004030 + No.51 (Nev) 87 (Old), East CI Nagar, SthMain Raod, Nandanam, ‘Chennai-600 035 (Tamil Nadu) Phones : 044-24322767, Fax No, 044-24322777 + BishopPlaza, Col. J.Ali Road, Lakhtokia, Guwahati-781001 (Assam), Phoni )361-2735337 2 F-7/8/41, First Floor, Agarwal Chambers, 5-9-1121, King Kothi Road, Hyderabad~S00001 Tele-fax : 23211332 Chelliyanthara House, Maplassery Road, VyttilaP.O., Kochi -682019 (Kerala) Phone: 0484-2305288 Bose Road, Kolkata-700014 Phone : 033-22262683 ‘Showrooms : 1681/5/4, Ground Floor, 3rd Main Ramamohanapuram, Bengaluru - $60 021, Phone : 080-23320655 + Plot No. 203, Zone-II, M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-462 O11 (M.P), Tele-fax : 0755-4271371 |, Mahanagar, Opposite P.A.C Main Gate, Lucknow-226006, Phone : 0522-2320841 + Ravi Kiran Apartment, Flat No, 2-A, Second floor, Near Water Pumping Station, Pani Tanki Lane, Pirmobani, Patna ~ 800003 © Reserved Edition : 2017 Published & Printed by Roshan Lal Goyal for Goyal Brothers Prakashan, New DelbiCONTENTS PART | — SIMPLE GRAMMAR 1. THE SENTENCE Exercises 1-2 2. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE Exercises 1-3 3. THE NOUN — KINDS OF NOUNS Exercises 1-9 4. THE VERB — KINDS OF VERBS Exercises 1-7 5. THE ADJECTIVE — KINDS OF ADJECTIVES Exercises 1-6 6. THE ADVERB — KINDS OF ADVERBS Exercises 1-4 7. KINDS OF PRONOUNS Exercises 1-10 8. THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS Exercises 1-3 9. THE PREPOSITION Exercises 1-5 10. THE CONJUNCTION Exercises 1-4 Revision Test 1 PART Il — CORRECT USAGE 11. NUMBER Exercises 1-5 12, GENDER Exercises 1-5 13. NOUNS — POSSESSIVE CASE Exercises 1-4 m4 a4 15-20 16-20 21-26 23-26 27-31 28-31 32-39 32-39 40-43 42-43 44-51 48-51 52-55 54-55 56-59 60-65 63-65 66-70 69-70 71-74 72-7414. ADJECTIVES : DEGREES OF COMPARISON oe 75-79 Exercises 1-3 78-79 45. THE ARTICLES 80-83 Exercises 1-3 82-83 18. AGREEMENT OF VERB WITH SUBJECT 96-97 Exercises 1 97 19. COMPARISON OF ADVERBS - 98-99 Exercises 1 99 20. PUNCTUATION MARKS AND THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS 100-102 Exercises 1-2 102 21. COMPREHENSION PASSAGES 106-109 Comprehension Passages 1 to 3 108-109 22. COMPOSITION ~ 110-113 Composition 1 to 4 110-113 23. LETTER-WRITING we 14116A) Read these words: fruit is a apple an Do these words make sense? No, they do not make sense. Now, read the same words in another order: An apple is a frui Now these words make complete sense, and they form what is called a Sentence. A Sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense. | B) When you write a sentence, you must remember two things: The sentence must begin with a capital lette 2. A full stop(.) must be placed at the end of the sentence. an apple is a fruit (Wrong) An apple is a fruit. (Right) Apo Look at the picture carefully. It shows school children playing football in the playground. Mohan wrote a few words about the picture, but his words are jumbled. Put the words in their right order to make sentences.Begin with the underlined word. Finish with the word that has a full stop (.) after it. One is done for you. 1. name my school of St. Peter’s is School. The The name of my school is St. Peter's School. . home. close My is to my school . sports at There school. of are lots my... . volleyball and hockey. play We football, oR wn . best. like | to play football The boy who wrote the sentences below forgot to observe two important rules. Now rewrite these sentences, putting in the capital letters and full stops. The first one has been done for you. 1. arun has a new puppy Arun has a new puppy. 2. i am learning how to swim 3. mother baked a cake on anil’s birthday = 4. look the man is selling colourful balloons cde 5. the clown is making us laugh 6. this is a shuttle cock ¥ 7. rajam is riding a bike haSubject and Predicate A) look at the pictures, and then read the following sentences: 1. Peter runs fast. 2. Ashok is reading. = 3. Horses eat grass. se 4. Birds fly in the “SS Qe 5. Girls are eating ice-cream. ia In sentence 1, we speak about Peter. In sentence 2, we speak about Ashok. In sentence 3, we speak about horses. In sentence 4, we speak about birds. In sentence 5, we speak about girls. B) Ina sentence, the person or thing we speak about is called the Subject. oO Now find out what is said about the subject in each of the above sentences: What is said about the subject is called the Predicate. @o From the above it is clear that every sentence must have two parts: (1) The Subject (2) The Predicate.F) The following sentences are divided into Subject and Predicate: 1. India is a great country. 6. His axe fell into the water. 2. The workmen were lazy. 7. A blind man cannot see. 3. He died for his country. 8. The wind is blowing. 4, This house is beautiful. 9. The poor boy began to weep. 5. Some boys were flying kites. 10. Can you speak English? No. Subject Predicate 1 India is a great country. 2 The workmen were lazy. 3. He died for his country. 4, This house is beautiful. 5. Some boys were flying kites. 6. His axe fell into the water. 7. A blind man cannot see. 8 The wind is blowing. 9. The poor boy began to weep. 10. You can speak English? G Sometimes the Subject is understood or left out. In the following sentences the subject You is left out: 1. Come in! really means You come in! . Go out! really means You go out! . Sit down! really means You sit down! . Stand up! really means You stand up! . Run! really means You run! oRwn 6. Stop! really means You stop! In all these sentences the word You, which is left out, is the Subject. Apo Read each sentence. Write a subject for it. 1, are my favourite fruit. BalQe, iS the tallest building in Delhi. revolves around the sun. if) _ can be played on ice also. . is called the Father of the Nation. eg i .. is our national animal. of India is also called the Tricolour. = Bo. Sheds its skin. a Bsr ~ [> Add Predicates to the following subjects. 1. In winter 2. In summer, we .. cseussnrsasenen . ws 3. My favourite sport . . f 4, Aeroplanes ‘ 5. The postman 6. The trees Es7. A large crowd . 8. Stars fm Here are sentences ided into Subjects and Predicates and the parts are mixed up. Fit the right parts together to make sensible sentences: Subject Predicate 1. The postman (a) grow on vines. 2. An aeroplane (b) is made of flour. 3. A policeman (c) runs on rails. 4, The butcher (d) sows wheat and rice. 5. The train (e) washes the dishes and plates. 6. Bees ) brings us our letters. 7. The maid-servant (g) flies very fast. 8. The farmer (h) gather honey from flowers. 9. Grapes (i) sells meat. 10. Bread (j) catches thieves. Write the answers here 4.1: (oo 2 Be a Be 6 ne Tee BL We NO neee The Noun — Kinds of Nouns Common Noun ‘A Look at the pictures, and then read the following sentences: 1. The teacher teaches her pupils. ‘eg i) 2. The mice are afraid of a cat. Dp 3. There are three windows in this room. RES. 4. There were three pastries on this plate. 5. Apples and mangoes are fruits. etek. The words teacher and pupils are the names of persons. The words mice and cats are the names of animals. The words windows and room are the names of places. The words pastries and plate are the names of things. The words apples, mangoes and fruit are the names of things. Words which are used as names of persons, animals, places or things are called Nouns. All these nouns are Common Nouns. B) Study these lists of common nouns: Persons Animals Places Things uncle horse farm thread aunt tiger park needle gardener lion zoo shoe teacher rabbit museum cigarette grocer mouse hospital trainPersons Animals Places Things driver monkey roof bus doctor pigeon kitchen coffee nurse kitten garage sugar dentist chicken stable desk porter peacock street flag soldier wasp church grape farmer mosquito temple carrot Apo In each of the ts given below there is one word that does not belong to that list. Pick it out: 1. maize, barley, wheat, cabbage, oats, gram 2. iron, zinc, cotton, brass, lead, steel 3. stairs, floor, ceiling, elm, door, window . bridge, flat, bungalow, cottage, villa, house . . beans, peas, potatoes, mutton, carrots, radishes aun . Sparrow, swallow, pigeon, cow, parrot, peacock Apo Match the Common Nouns given in the box below and the pictures by writing the correct name in the space given below each picture. Snail Kangaroo Whistle Flag Smoke Igloo Engine Wool Florist GreengrocerBea % Ap Here are two sets of nouns. In set A nouns are actually names of animals. In set B the nouns are names of the homes where these animals live. Choose the right animal and its home from the two sets and write in the space provided. One example has been done for you. A B dog cow byre fold tion eagle lair burrow sheep bee stable web horse tiger den hive rabbit spider kennel eyrie dog > kennel 2. Proper Noun © A Proper Noun is the special name of a parficular person or place. For instance, Ashok is a Proper Noun, for it is the name of one particular boy. In the same way, New Delhi is a Proper Noun, because it is the name of a particular city. A Proper Noun always begins with a capital letter‘D) Look at these sentences. ashok lives in new delhi (wrong) Ashok lives in New Delhi. (right) Here are twenty words. Ten of them are the special names of persons and places but are not printed properly. Pick them out and write them correctly. building magazine bangladesh © mount everest mary smith mountain television shantiniketan mrs mody emperor autumn miss lily sri lanka president soldiers mr advani nagaland theatre elephants patel road Ape Rewrite the following sentences, putting in the capital letters where necessary. 1. the largest city in america is new york. . connaught circus is in new delhi. . King george was the ruler of great britain. |. we sailed to england on the queen elizabeth. wawn . paris is the capital of france. 3. Collective Noun ) When a noun stands for a collection of persons or things, considered as one complete whole, it is called a Collective Noun; as, @ army crowd flock class / 1, The word army stands for a collection of soldiers. awe 2. The word crowd stands for a collection of people. 3. The word flock stands for a collection of sheep. eS wea] et 4, The word class stands for a collection of pupils. Each of the phrases below contains a Collective Noun. Complete each phrase by putting in the missing word. Choose from the box below: cattle soldiers sticks sheep musicians flowers bananas stones ships biscuits 1. a packet of 6. a bouquet of 2. a bunch of 7. a band of 3. a herd of 8. a regiment of 4, a flock of 9. a bundle of 5. a fleet of | 10, a heap of Azo Fill in the blanks with suitable Collective Nouns. Choose from the box: pack army shoal library committee crew mob gang swarm wardrobe 1. Our teacher has a Whole ccc OF Books. DeAnna Of Wolves attacked the travellers. Be THE cue Of Soldiers marched into battle. 4A of bees flew out of the hive. 5. The police were trying to control the 6. The fisherman saw a big of fish.7A of thieves entered the village at night. 8. The ship had a . of a hundred sailors. 9. He had a whole 0.0... of clothes. TOA occu. Of five was appointed. 4. Material Noun F) Read these sentences. 1. lron is a useful metal. 2. The table is made of wood. 3. Ornaments are made of silver and gold. 4, Cotton is grown in India. The Nouns iron, wood, silver, gold and cotton are the names of the material from which things can be made. They are, therefore, called Material Nouns. A Noun which stands for the matter or substance of which things are made is called a Material Noun. Look at the pictures and complete each sentence below by choosing the right word from the brackets: Cl = om 99 an) . Windowpanes are made of . Cups are usually made of . Tractors are made of . Tyres are made of . Blankets are made of aurwn a . Shirts are made of (paper, oil, glass). (wood, paper, china). (steel, wood, glass). (leather, rubber, cloth). (glass, paper, wool). (nylon, sand, wood).7. Sweets are made mostly of (sugar, salt, milk). 8. Bricks are made of (clay, wood, iron). Choose the right words from the box and complete the sentences below. In the brackets given, state what kind of Nouns the words are. One is done for you. maid Zaheer —_—knee kitten trumpet clown Anil pears bouquet cap ice bunch mummy cheek Mr Kapoor chief guest boy packet jug water blankets_—_-heap keys pocket Sujata Ludhiana orchestra wool nose 1. Sujata loves to play with her baby kitten. (a. proper b. common) 4 toy sipped on the 2. The naughty _ and hurt his Cn ) BMY cu. kissed me on the on my birthday. ) Ae plays the 00.0.0... in the school (a. b c ) Bo, found his car in his (a. b. « )6. The Principal, eS of flowers to the Bd ToTRE cc, Wore a red and had a red a. c ) 8. The - poured the 0... Z into a... . 9. There were a... of bananas, a of biscuits and some ............ hidden behind a of stones. fa. be. Go a a) 10, These ......... are new, made in ce FROM PUL ob