EXPERIMENT 1

AIM: 1. Introduction to UNIX.

2. Differences between LINUX and UNIX
3. Different types of shell
SOFTWARE USED: UBUNTU 14.0.
THEORY:
1. Introduction to UNIX.
UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under
constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which
make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and
laptops.
UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which
provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations
which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface
available, for example, in a telnet session.
There are many different versions of UNIX, although they share common similarities. The most
popular varieties of UNIX are Sun Solaris, GNU/Linux, and MacOS X.
The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs.

2. Differences between LINUX and UNIX

LINUX:
Linux is freely distributed, downloaded through magazines, Books, website, etc. There are paid
versions also available for Linux. Linux is Open Source, and thousands of programmer
collaborate online and contribute to its development. Everyone. From home users to developers
and computer enthusiasts alike.
Threat detection and solution is very fast because Linux is mainly community driven. So, if any
Linux user posts any kind of threat, a team of qualified developers starts working to resolve this
threat. Linux OS can be installed on various types of devices like mobile, tablet computers.
Linux is portable and is booted from a USB Stick. The source is available to the general public.
UNIX:
Different flavours of Unix have different pricing depending upon the type of vendor. Unix
systems have different versions. These versions are primarily developed by AT&T as well as
other commercial vendors. The UNIX can be used in internet servers, workstations, and PCs.
Unix users require longer wait time, to get the proper bug fixing patch. The UNIX operating
system is used for internet servers, workstations & PCs. Unix is not portable. The source code is
not available to anyone.
3. Different types of shell

i. The C Shell
Denoted as csh. Bill Joy created it at the University of California at Berkeley. It incorporated
features such as aliases and command history. It includes helpful programming features like
built-in arithmetic and C-like expression syntax.

ii. The Bourne Shell

Denoted as sh. It was written by Steve Bourne at AT&T Bell Labs. It is the original UNIX shell.
It is faster and more preferred. It lacks features for interactive use like the ability to recall
previous commands. It also lacks built-in arithmetic and logical expression handling. It is default
shell for Solaris OS.

iii. The Korn Shell

It is denoted as ksh. It was written by David Korn at AT&T Bell LabsIt is a superset of the
Bourne shell.So it supports everything in the Bourne shell.It has interactive features. It includes
features like built-in arithmetic and C-like arrays, functions, and string-manipulation facilities.It
is faster than C shell. It is compatible with script written for C shell.
iv. GNU Bourne-Again Shell
denoted as bash It is compatible to the Bourne shell. It includes features from Korn and Bourne
shell.

RESULT: The basic of Unix and Linux, differences of Unix and Linux and types of shell have
been studied.