Module Details

Principal Investigator Prof. Dr. Sanjukkta Bhaduri

Professor, Urban Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, New
Delhi
Paper Coordinator Prof. Dr. Sanjukkta Bhaduri
Content Writer Prof. Dr. Sanjukkta Bhaduri
Content Reviewer Prof. Kavas Kapadia
Former Dean, Urban Planning, School of Planning and Architecture,
New Delhi
Subject Name City & Metropolitan Planning
Module Title City in context of the region
Objectives • City in the context of its Region- Definition and Scale
• Inter-dependence/Linkages and impacts
• Land utilization in the Region
 Module 3 : Unit Structure

1 CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS REGION ............................................................................................... 3

1.1 DEFINITION .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 DEFINITION AND SCALE ............................................................................................................ 4
2 INTER-DEPENDENCE/LINKAGES ........................................................................................................ 4
2.1 CITY AND ITS REGION ARE MUTUALLY INTERLINKED AND INTERDEPENDENT............................ 4
2.2 LINKAGES BETWEEN THE CITY AND ITS REGION CAN BE BOTH PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL. .... 6
2.2.1 PHYSICAL .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 FUNCTIONAL .................................................................................................................... 6
3 LAND UTILIZATION ........................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENT ............................................................................................. 8
3.1.1 URBAN SETTLEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 RURAL SETTLEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 8
3.1.3 CLASS SIZES OF CITIES AND TOWNS .................................................................................. 9
3.1.4 CLASS SIZES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS ............................................................................... 9
3.2 REGIONAL NETWORKS AND TERMINALS................................................................................. 10
3.3 LAND UTILIZATION – BUILT UP AREA ...................................................................................... 10
3.4 Land Utilization - Nature reserves .......................................................................................... 11
3.5 LAND UTILIZATION - LAND FOR PRODUCTION/ ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ................................... 12
3.6 LAND UTILIZATION - FALLOW LAND/ UNPRODUCTIVE LAND/ WASTELAND............................. 13
3.7 Land Utilization Qualification – URDPFI .................................................................................. 14
1 CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS REGION
1.1 DEFINITION

The city is surrounded by its hinterland/region which is defined as follows:

 An area, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always
fixed boundaries.
(Oxford English Dictionary)

 A strategic and political level of administration and policy making, extending beyond the
administrative boundaries of single urban local government authorities to include urban and/or
semi urban hinterlands.
(Tewdwr-Jones, McNeill, 2000)

 An area having some characteristic or characteristics that distinguish it from other areas. A
territory of interest to people and for which one or more distinctive traits are used as the basis
for its identity.
(Chris Mayda, A Regional Geography of The United States and Canada, 2012)

The term city region has been in use since about 1950 by urbanists, economists and urban planners to
mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often but not necessarily having a shared administration.

Typically, it denotes a city, conurbation or urban zone with multiple administrative districts, but sharing
resources like labor market and transport network, such that it functions as a single unit.

National Capital Region

1.2 DEFINITION AND SCALE

A city-region is also defined as “the city and the surrounding suburbs that constitutes a coherent region
as defined by the local authorities.”

City-region is a geographic region that is known by the name of the city that is its center of economic
development influence. (United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIDO, 2004)

The city region is an area of interrelated activities, kindred interests and common organizations, brought
into being through the medium of the routes which bind it to the urban centers. (P. Mondal, 2013)

 District, as an administrative unit is many a time referred to as the region of a city.

 Region of a large city may be one district and or may be even smaller than a district in case of
medium and small towns.
 Region becomes larger as the size of the city increases; Region of a mega and metro city could
comprise of multiple districts

2. INTER-DEPENDENCE/LINKAGES
Lewis Mumford in his The Culture of Cities stated, “To define human areas, one must seek, not the
periphery alone but the center” and “for the urban center tends to focus the flow of energies, men, and
goods that passes through a region, concentrating them, dispersing them, diverting them, rerouting
them, in short, exerting a close and controlling influence over the development of region as a dynamic
reality” (Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities,1938)

Lewis Mumford

(October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American academician of repute in the fields of
history, sociology, philosophy of technology, and literary critic.

2.1. CITY AND ITS REGION ARE MUTUALLY INTERLINKED AND INTERDEPENDENT.
 http://breada.org/wpcontent/uploads/2 http://img.theepochtimes.com/n3/eet-
015/07/fresh-local-produce.jpg content/uploads/2015/11/13/GettyImages-
125674836.jpg

http://punchng.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wp-
http://blog.kochimetro.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/08/24094211/raw-
content/uploads/2013/10/ALUVA-5.jpg materials.jpg

 Cities depend on the region for food and various products, raw materials (wool, sugarcane, wood,
cotton, silk and many other products) and labour.
 According to the hierarchy of settlements, larger urban areas serve smaller urban areas which
serve rural areas surrounding it.
Intensity and frequency of city and its region also depend on linkages in terms of distance and the
available nature of transport and communication.
2.2 linkages between the city and its region can be both physical and functional.

2.2.1 Physical

Following are the physical linkages between the city and its region:

2.2.1.1 Transportation network

Roadways, railways, air, port, etc. are the linkages between the city and the region which is one of the
main interdependence which encourages the flow of people and the goods.

2.2.1.2 Communication lines: telephone & internet

2.2.1.3 Transmission lines: gas supply and oil supply

2.2.2 Functional
2.2.2.1 Socio- cultural

 Educational and Health facilities

 Entertainment and Recreational facilities

http://maestrobytumlare.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/EDUCATION-text.jpg

2.2.2.2 Economic

 Sources for the raw materials

 Industries
 Market for the finished goods
 Public & Private Offices

https://encryptedtbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcStb
0DXgoy8SlNxGijuHBXoZrXQZ2e_enMwfpweShwrDWlUfLLXCw

2.2.2.3 Political & Administrative

 Government Offices
 Courts
 Police Station

http://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ktoo/2016/03/gettyimages-458774914-
311f354ea29a5898625bc27cdee92d98767a0e8f.jpg
 3. LAND UTILIZATION
The components of the region of a city are as follows:

 Urban Settlements: Different class sizes of cities and towns

 Rural Settlements: Different class sizes of cities and towns (Including Built-up Area) Residential,
Non-residential
 Regional Networks and Terminals: Roads, Rail, Air and Water based
 Nature reserves: Water bodies, Forests, Environmentally sensitive areas, etc.
 Land for Production/ Economic activities: Agriculture, Industrial activities
 Fallow Land/ Unproductive land/ Wasteland: (Saline land, gullied land, water logged, barren or
river sand area)
3.2 Urban and rural settlement

3.2.1 Urban settlements

Different class sizes of cities and towns

3.2.2 Rural settlements

Different class sizes of cities and towns

 3.2.3 Class sizes of cities and towns

SETTLEMENTS POPULATION

Small Towns (Class- IV to VI) Below 5000

5000- 9999

10,000- 19, 999

Medium Towns (Class- II & III) 20,000- 49,999

50,000- 99,999

Large City (Class- I) 1,00,000- 9,99,999

Metropolitan/ Million Plus City 10,00,000- 49,99,999

50,00,000- 99,99,999

Mega City 100,00,000 and Above

3.2.4 Class sizes of rural settlements

SETTLEMENTS POPULATION

Hamlets Less than 100

Small Villages 100- 199

200- 499

500- 999

Medium Villages 1000- 1999

2000- 9999

Large Villages/ Census Towns 10,000 and Above

 3.3 Regional networks and

TO PANIPAT
NH1
SH11
TO JIND

TO MUZAFFARNAGAR
TO SHAMLI
terminals

NH58
SH57

47
SH
TOSH
JIN 10

GANGA RIV
D

YAMUNA

ER
NH

RIVER
Roads, Rail, Air and Water based

TO
JI
71

HINDAN RIVER
N
NH

A
71
TO
TO
10
HANS

NH
HA I
NS
I

IW A
I
AN
BH H16
STO
SH16
ANI
TO BHIW

NH
TO
MUZ
24

Legend
AFFA
RN
AG
AR

TO
CHAR
SH20

GA
KH
I DA

NG
DRI

A RIVE
KA
LI RIVER

R
SH22

39
TO

SH
MA
HEN
DR SH
AG
AR 24
H AD
AB
AD
UR
M
TO
AD
SH28 AB
AD
UR
KA
LI
TO
M 18
RIVE
R
SH

L
RNAU
TO NA

H
AR
TO ALIGARH

IG
NH91

AL
TO
H
AR
TO

IG
N
SHRNA
A

AL
25 UL

TO
ER
SAHIBI

RIV
OR
I
IB
SH

8R

NH
NO H

TO
U

M
IP

2
AT
JA

HU
T

RA
SH14

SH13
TO JAIPUR

TO MURADABAD
TO JAISH25
PUR

UR
IP
JA
TO

3.4 LAND UTILIZATION –

BUILT UP AREA

Residential, Non-residential, etc.

 3.5 Land Utilization - Nature reserves

Water bodies, forests, environmentally sensitive areas

Legend

Forests

Water Bodies
 3.6 Land utilization - land for

production/ economic activities

Agriculture, Industrial activities

Legend
 3.7 LAND UTILIZATION - FALLOW LAND/ UNPRODUCTIVE LAND/ WASTELAND

(Saline land, gullied land, water logged, barren or river sand area).

Legend

TO PANIPAT
NH1

SH11
TO JIND

TO MUZAFFARNAGAR
TO SHAMLI

NH58
SH57

47
SH
TOSH
JIN 10

GANGA RIV
D
YAMUNA

ER
NH

RIVER
TO
JI
71

HINDAN RIVER
N

NH
D

A
71

TO
TO
10
HANS
NH

HA I
NS
I
IW A
I
AN
BH H16
STO

SH16
ANI
TO BHIW

NH
TO
MUZ
24
AFFA
RN
AG
AR

TO
CHAR
SH20
GA

KH
I DA
NG

DRI
A RIVE
KA
LI RIVER

SH22
39

TO
SH

MA
HEN
DR SH
AG 2AR 4
H AD
AB
AD
UR
M
TO
AD
SH28 AB
AD
UR
KA
LI
TO
M 18
RIVE
R
SH

RN AUL
TO NA
H
AR
TO ALIGARH

IG
NH91

AL
TO
H
AR
TO

IG
N
SHRNA
A

AL
25 U L

TO
ER

SAHIBI
RIV

OR
I
IB
SH

8R
NH

NO H
TO

U
M

IP
2
AT

JA
HU

T
RA

SH14

SH13
TO JAIPUR

TO MURADABAD
TO JAISH25
PUR

UR
IP
JA
TO
 3.8 Land Utilization Qualification – URDPFI

URDPFI- Use Zones

U. Urbanisable Zone

U-1. Existing Zone

U-2. New Area Zone

U-3. Potential for Urban Development Zones

I. Industrial Zone

T. Transportation & Communication Zone

T-1. Roads/ BRTS

T-2. Railways/ MRTS

T-3. Airport

T-4. Seaports, Dockyards and Dry ports

T-5. Bus Depots/ Truck Terminals and freight

Complexes

T-6. Transmission and Communication

PA. Primary Activity Zone

PA-1. Agriculture

PA-2. Poultry and Dairy Farming

PA-3. Rural Settlements

PA-4. Brick Kiln and Extractive Areas

PA. Primary Activity Zone

PA-1. Agriculture

O. Open Area Zone

O-1. Recreation Area

O-2. Green buffer zone

E. Protective and Eco sensitive Zone

E-1. Water Bodies

E-2. Special recreation Zone / Protective Areas such as
sanctuaries/ Reserve forests

E-3. Forest Zone

E-4. Coastal Zone

E-5. Undevelopable Use Zone

S. Special Area Zone

S-1. Heritage and Conservation Areas

S-2. Scenic Value Areas& Tourism Zone

S-3. Government Restricted Area (such as Defence)

S-4. Other Uses/ Spot Zone

S. Special Area Zone

S-1. Heritage and Conservation Areas

TCPO- Land Utilization Groups

Built up Area

Residential

Dense Built up

Medium Built up

Low Built up

Non-Residential

Open/ Vacant Land

Recreational

Agriculture

Cultivated

Fallow

Plantation- Horticulture
Forest

Reserved Forest

Protected Forest

Plantation- Social Forestry

Others

Quarry

Stone quarry

Brick Kilns

Land fill site

Waste Land

Gullied land

Salline land

Water logged

Barren

River sand Area

Water Bodies

River/ Stream

Canal

Transport

Roads

National Highway

State Highway

Urban Roads

Other Roads

Rail/Airport/Port