RBA Indicators for HIV-Program :

A RIGHT BASED APPROACH (RBA) deliberately and explicitly focuses on people, to realize their
human rights. It does so by exposing the root causes of poverty vulnerability, marginalizing and expanding
the rang of responses .It empowers people who are poor, oppressed to claim and exercises their inherent
rights.

Specially, RBA seeks to:

 Promote and establish the rights of the people we work with.

 Not only work on the manifestations of poverty, marginalization, and injustice and distress but also on
their root causes.
 Enable poor, vulnerable people-women, men, boys, and girls to exercise their innate potentials.
 Address injustice and unaccountable institutions through all legal and moral means wherever they may
be.

RBA brings services, choice and entitlements with dignity while develops institutional mechanisms,
making the duty bearers responsible and accountable and with people actively taking sides. A person might
not be poor in material term, food intake or labor involvement (Ex: SW, IDU, Tea garden labor etc.) but
there can be a high level of powerlessness, which leads them to subordination and social injustice.

We are adopting RBA because it is compatible with the current understanding and analysis of poverty,
discrimination and marginalization, which will speak in favore of oppressed. It provides a sound legal and
moral basis for addressing the complex challenges that development actor’s face in their work. SHAKTI, a
health project designed to address STD/HIV/AIDS related issues in a marginalized population within a
short span of time identified that the burning issue is “The right to live, work (and die) with respect and
dignity. Now project has to go beyond the target community and has to address issues both at micro and
macro level. RBA

 Focuses on the systematic denial and violation of rights that encourages the development of long term
and sustainable solution,
 Places central power in the hands of those whose rights have been denied and violated.
 Strengthens the links between programming and advocacy work Brings about a greater and sustainable
impact on poverty and injustice.
 Helps clarify and take into account the roles and responsibilities of the different actors.

Right-based approach:
 Program more holistically
 Be more impact oriented
 Emphasize empowerment and self reliance
 Address root causes
 Promote equity and social justice
 See us in solidarity with right victims.
 Proposed RBA indicators for HIV Program:

RBA should use as a tool of analysis also through which one could measure the discrimination, social
injustice ,root causes of poverty, vulnerability, and can address justice.

Sl Indicators Definition Consideration

#
1 Access to The assessment of service are defined as
service
1.Accessibility of treatment(SDT/HIV/AIDS/General Indicator should measure not
Treatment) only the accessibility but also
the response they are getting,
2.Accessibility of education is defined that vulnerable which will reflect the injustice
peoples child how much are accepted in enrolment of towards them. It should
school. I.e., percent of children who are enrolled in measure whether there are
primary school and discontinued. Indicator allows trend social interaction developing
analysis of changes as per access to and participation. between target and
mainstream community.

2. Harassment 1.% or # of harassment cases in a month Indicator should consider the

reason of powerlessness,
subordination, social unjust,
discrimination etc.

2. % or # of harassment cases addressed on resolved by Indicator not only considers

the CBO’S participation. the initiation taken but also
process initiation.

3.# or percent SW forced to admit in vagrant home. It should consider the trend of
increase/decreased number as
well as the advocacy
initiatives taken by the CBOs.

4.# or percent of initiative have taken by CBO’s to Will gives indication CBO’s
reducing the trafficking. empowerment to address the
human rights.

5.# of CBO’s act as a get keeper to entry or exit SW in sex Indicator should consider the
trade. # of cases also.

6.Living status of bonded SEX workers in terms of Indicator should consider and
–frequency of food intake measure their vulnerabilities
-MR and also the power relation.
-Willingness of sex
-entry
-Breast feeding
-Torture.
3. Power -Control over resources PRA tools can be use .It is
matrix -Conflicting with pimps/sw/idu/police/driver/helper/shop important to use this indicator
analysis keeper/local leaders etc. to develop a profile of power
-Service /relationship between different organization relation, which will lead to
possible advocacy areas.
4. Advocacy 1.# of active participation or involvement of CBO’s in It will indicate the capacity of
NGO’s, GOB’S at different level of program. CBO’S as well as process of
ownership
2.# of policy level advocacy meeting conducted.

Active 1.# of self help group

5. involvement
of CBO’s 2.# of involvement in capacity building (fund, Proportion of fund
networking) collected/work conducted by
them.

3.Involvement of the management of the program Proportion of management

task done by them.

4.Involvement in M & E Proportion of M & E task

done by them. Qualitative
5.Empowerment(lobbing, conflict resolution etc.) assessment to link the
indicator. Which will help to
incorporate in the mainstream
of society.

6. Creating # or description of positive and supportive This indicator should consider

enabling incidence/attitude of GOB,NGO, Religious leaders, land the no. of committee formed,
environment lord/lady, young group, CBO’S , babus etc. No. of participation of
towards respective group.
HIV/AIDS

7. Living status 1.The numbers of households whose dwellings fulfill a The quality of a dwelling has
minimum set of quality criteria. an impact on the health. It is
2.The percentage of household that have adequate also a good indicator of
sanitation facilities and garbage disposal system poverty, economic condition.
3.The percentage of working hours in each months and Indicator should consider the
wages getting accordingly. force factors.
 Example of a Problem Tree analysis:

Significant cases of
harassment

Less respect Less initiative taken Involvement of Lack of

towards their to resolve or power structure empowerment
work punishment by law
enforcing agencies

Lack of
positive Lack of self Limited
Very few attitude reliance knowledge
Not
Treat as Lack of knowledge recognized
product idea about about legal by the state
human right Low income
right