Therapeutic processes aimed at treating deteriorating in vitro diagnostic device have mostly been

used to aid in merging of interbodies after surgical removal of parts of the body,which has resulted
in no functionality of the affected part that has been removed ,and in less circumstances to cure the
deteriorated , intervertebral disc .This conflict is majorly caused by the distinct properties of that
particularly disc and the changes it undergoes when degenerating which limit significantly the range
of possible approaches. Additionally, contradicting knowledge and oftenly little knowledge about
cell biology will occasionally complicate the different biological approaches. The different techniques
developed to overcome the difficulties and to biologically treat degenerated IVD have been
discussed in this article. The main similarity in this technique is the aim to ensure fully delivery of the
biologically active factors to the disc that should conserve the existing state of the tissue which has
been affected. The nature of the specific active facor is then defined by our knowledge of the
molecular mechanisms active in the disc during the several stage sof degeneration.

The best method that ensures sustained delivery of the active substance to the disc cells will be
directly injecting the active substance into the disc cell as shown in figure 3.Though applying directly
of the beneficial factors such as protein like growth factors ,cytokines or anabolic enzymes ,has been
mostly used in vitro,few studies have been developed to attempt this research in vivo. Encouraging
results have been reported after injecting rabbit lumbar IVD in vivo with a growth factor that belongs
to the TGF-B superfamily and is called osteogenic protein-1.Direct ijection of OP-1resulted in
increased synthesis of proteoglycanand disc height restoration which was stable even up to 8 weeks
after that injection.In addition,this studies also demonstrated that OP-1 injection was capable of
inhibiting pain –related behaviour in a rat interverterbral disc degeneration model. Though these
studies demonstrated the possibility of injecting directly into the disc,this method had its own limits
since the disc cells present must be numerous, healthy and be able to respond effectively and to a
short term impulse. By putting into consideration the declining viability and synthetic activity of the
human cells during progressing degeneration, direct injection are mostly limited to mildly
degenerated discs.Since the mildly degenerated discs will mostly be found in younger individuals
then just a temporary regeneration of the disc might not counteract the intervention.The short
follow –up time common to the current studies (up to 8 weeks )is limiting the conclusions regarding
of how this technique applies to human being. Further studies will need that we also include animal
models with that have at least IVD that can be compared to the human state, especially by distinctly
looking at the cell density and the cell population and lastly the mechanical loading.

These injection techniques have commonly experienced short term effect which ceases only when
the initially injected material has been used up or has been diffused and thus lost. Production of the
factor of choice or including of the substances in a pharmacological slow-release system will be
essential in providing the disc with a continuous and maintained supply of the beneficial factors.
Considering this ,it is good to say that combining of both growth factor injection and matrix
replenishment by a disc solution might be the only way to obtain a more sustained improvement of
the degenerated discs and might also expand the limitation regarding its application to various
degeneration grades.

FOOD ADDICTION

Not until about ten years ago, there has been few theories about food addiction science ,but there
has been no hard evidence to support these theories that food addiction actually exists.Doctors and
scientists were not easy to convince about these theories as most did not believe. Nowadays, these
is not the case since there has been large amounts of evidence in the medical literatures that has
established this phenomenon.

The research on food addiction has been done extensively and the various findings obtained from
this research are now appearing in most medical journals just to prove that people getting addicted
to food actually exists. Though most of this studies are specifically on the disease of obesity and not
actually food addiction. In various cases ,obesity has been said to be as a result of eating disorder
which then results to that disease.

Hence food addiction can not be termed as obesity as this is just like branding alcoholism to be
either drug addiction or drunkenness which are too different issues since drug addiction is as a result
of trauma. A research has described obesity as a result of dependency on certain chemicals and this
has also described various other eating diseases such as binge and bulimia. This studies showed
similar results to the studies done on drug addiction and alcoholism as this were also as a result of
dependency on certain chemicals. This is to say that food dependency is slowly catching up to other
addictions. This studies that stated the two addictions were as a result of food addiction were both
recognized by the American medical association and also the American Psychiatric Association.

In the last ten years ,just when this obesity epidemic became rampant in various states of the united
states, various research institutions are determined to identify the root causes of this eating disorder
and some actually have begun analysing whether food addiction is the root cause or not.This
research has brought us new evidence in supporting food dependency as th cause of addiction.The
major areas where this research is perfomed include the following in the field of brain imaging,cross
addiction,serotonin malfunction,overstimulation of the endorphin and genetics .By carefully
analysing each area mentioned above it is evident that any persons body can eventually become
addicted to a certain food .

ALCOHOL ADDICTION

Various contributions of medicine and science in researching on alcoholism have greatly improved
our mere comprehension about alcoholism .Nowardays we are now trying to fathom as to how
different biological forces have an impact on both human and animals behaviours. It is therefore
very easy to understand chemistry around addiction when we try to consider and understand that
our bodies are programmed to pursue and always experience repetitive pleasurerable
experiences.Nevertheless we must always note that we are not bound to our biology .In the
classical story of Peter pan it is depicted that immoderate pursuit of pleasure actually represents a
certain disnct type of developmental immaturity.It is worthy noting that the socio-
cultural,psychological and spiritual factors will determine whether we mature beyond our biological
limitations .People with those certain types of addiction such as alcoholism have been occasionally
viewed as being selfish .These people seem to behave badly in front of others .These people will
always tell others that willpower is not enough. We come to understand our biological make-up
explains so.

Neurobiological research advancements have tried to make us view addiction in a totally different
way.