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UNIVERSITI MALAYA
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

PEPERIKSAAN IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA JURISPRUDENS

(EKSTERNAL)
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
JURISPRUDENCE (EXTERNAL)

SESI AKADEMIK 2008/2009

ACADEMIC SESSION 200812009

LXEC 1105 :

Julai 2009 MASA: 3 Jam 15 Minit

July 2009 TIME: 3 Hours 15 Minutes

.. ,

Calon-calon dinasihatkan supaya menggun'akan masa 15 minit

yang perlama untuk membaca soalan-soalan dengan teliti.
Candidates are advised to spend the first 15 minutes reading the
questions carefully. c. '. .
" ,. , '"
Jawab MANA-MANA EMPAT,(II) ,s oalan.
Answer ANY FOUR (4) questions; .
•
Statut-statut berikut akan dibe!!al~.;m kepada calon-calon :
The following statutes will be provided to the candidates:

1. Akta Fitnah 1957 (Disemak 1983) (Akta 286).

Defamation Act 1957 (Revised 1983) (Act 286).

(Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 7 soalan di dalam

8 halaman bercetak)

(This question paper contains 7 questions in 8 printed pages)

 LXEC 1105:02

1. Taman Aman merupakan sebuah kawasan perumahan yang

suny. yang terletak di pinggir Petaling Jaya menghala ke Shah Alam.
Hampir kesemua penduduk di situ merupakan pemilik rumah yang
lelah menetap di Taman Amen semenjak Taman itu disiapkan pacta
tehun 1990.

Tanah di seberang Taman Amen kosong pada waktu itu

sehinggalah Disember 2008 apabila tanah Itu dibeli oleh DV, sebuah
syarikat yang berhasrat untuk membina sebuah kompleks besar
membeli-belah serba-ada. Karja-kerja pembinaan bermula pada
Februari 2009 dan dijangka akan berterusan sehingga Februari 2010.

Para penduduk di Taman Amen emel tidak berpueshati kerana

karja-kerja pembinaan itu telah mengubah keadaan persekitaran
kawasan itu. lanya kin! lidak lagi sunyi dan lenang, lelapi bising dan
berhabuk. lori-Iori yang membawa bahan binaan beke~a sepanjang
masa dan kerja-keria menanam cerucuk terus dijalankan, yang
sepalulnya lelah selesai selepas liga bulan pertama, menjelang Mel
2009.

Abu, Bakar dan Chong yang merupakan pemilik ruman ingin

mengambil lindakan ierhadap DV Sdn Bhd kerana menimbulkan
kebisingan dan habuk. Bahagian hadapan rumah Abu !elan bertukar
warna disebabkan oleh habuk yang ierlalu banyak. Pokok-pokok orkid
kepunyaan Bakar lelah mati. Isteri Chong lelah beberapa kali dijangkili
infeksi di bahagian dada semenjak pertengahan Februari 2009, dan
kedua-dua Chong dan islennya berpendapat ia disebabkan oleh habuk
yang banyak itu. Daud, seorang penduduk yang menyewa rumah eli
Taman itu telah mengalami gangguan paling serius kerana dia
sememangnya mengalami gangguan tidur. Tetapl tidurnya kini lebih
terganggu dan kesihalannya menurun Kerana dia hanya dapat lidur
tidak lebih daripada tiga jam setiap malam disebabkan bunyi bising lon­
lori Itu, semenjak Februari 2009.

Nasihati Abu, Bakar, Chong dan Oaud sama ada mereka boleh
menuntut di dalam tindakan kacauganggu dan dalihan-dalihan yang
boleh elibangkitkan terhadap tuntutan-tuntulan mereka.

000
 LXEC 1105:03

Taman Aman is a quiet residen/lal area localed on Ihe fringe of

Petaling Jaye towards Shah A/am, Almost all of the res/dents there are
homeowners who have lived there ever since the Taman was
developed in 1990,

The land across Taman Amen wes unoccupied at the time and
had remained so until December 2008 when the land was bought by
DV, a company who wishes to develop it into 8 huge one-stop centre
shopping complex, Cons/ruction works began in February 2009 and is
expected to continue until February 2010,

The residents of Taman Aman are very dissatisfied as the

construction works have changed the entire surroundings in the area,
It is now no longer quiet and peaceful, but noisy and dusty Lorries
transporting building materials work around the clock and there is
continuous piling works which should have ended after the first Ihree
months, by May of 2009,

Abu, Baker and Chong who are homeowners wish to fake action
ageinst DV Sdn Bhd for excessive noise and dust. The front portion of
Abu's house is discoloured due to the large amount of dust settling on
it Bakar's orchids have died Chong's wife has been suffering from
repeated chest infections since mid-February 2009 which both she and
Chong was caused by the dust Daud, another resident who is renting
a house in the Taman, and who suffers from a sleep disorder, has
suffered most. His sleeping patterns have been further disrupted and
his health is now deteriorating as he is only able to sleep for not more
than a total of three hours every night due to the noise created by the
lorries, since February 2009,

Advise Abu, Baker, Chong and Daud whether they can claim in
nuisance and the possible defences that might be raised against their
claim.
(25 markahlmarks)
 LXEC 1105:04

2. Jawab KEDUA-DUA (a) DAN (b)

Answer BOTH (a) AND (b)
(a) Pulra adalah pemegang akaun semasa dengan Bank
BudL Dia lelah mengeluarkan suatu cek larlkh
lerkemudian kepada Ali berjumlah RM10,000, All !elah
pergi ke bank untuk menunalkan cek Itu sebelum tarlkh
yang berkenaan dan cek Ilu lelan dlpulangkan dan
dllullskan dl atasnya "Rujuk kepada Pengeluar", Pulra
mengalakan bahawa perkalaan-perkalaan "rujuk kepada
pengeluar" adalah ber.ifal filnah lerhadapnya dan dia login
mengambil tlndakan terhadap Bank BudL

Naslhatl Putra.
000
Putra holds a current account with Bank Budi. He had
issued a post-dated cheque to Ali for the sum of
RM10,OOO. Ali presented his cheque to the bank
prematurely and the cheque was returned with the remark
"Refer to Drawer". Putra claims that the words "refer to
drawer" are defamatory of him and he wishes to take
action against Bank Budi.

Advise PutfS.
(13 markahlmarks)
DAN
AND
(a) Terangkan dengan merujuk kepada kes-kes yang telah
dipuluskan. due keadaan dl mana defendan di dalam
Sl1atu tindakan fitnah boleh mengemukakan dallhan
keistimewaan bersyarat dl bawah common law.

000

Explain with reference to decided cases, two situations in

which a defendant in a claim for defamation may raise the
defence of common law qualified privilege.
(12 markah/marks)
v
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LXEC 1105:05

3. Fiona yang bekerja sebagal seorang setiausaha dan berumur

Ilga puluh tahun !elah terlibat di dalam sualu kemalangan jalanraya
beberapa bulan yang lalu, Selepas kemalangan ilu Fiona ielah dibawa
dengan ambulans ke Hospital Baru, sebuah hospital awam. Dia !elah
dirawat oleh Dr Along dan pakar-pakar dalsm kumpulan ilu iaitu Dr
Busu dan Dr eik,

Dr Along telah menerangkan kepada Fiona bahawa dia perlu

menandatangani borang keizinan untuk menjalani pembedahan bagi
kecederaan di bahagian belakang tubuhnya, Dia lelah memaklumkan
kepada Fiona bahawa prosedurnya agak bera! dan lerdapai fisiko
kelumpuhan tetapi fisiko ilu agak kecil di dalam kes Fiona, Dr Busu
bersetuju dengan Dr Along lela pi Dr eik tidak memberikan sebarang
pendapat Fiona letah bersetuju untuk menjalanl prosedur itu telapi
malangnya selepas daripada pembedahan itu Fiona lelah mengalami
keiumpuhan sepenuhnya dari paras pinggang ke bewah.

Fiona mengalakan Dr Along bertanggungan lerhadapnya karana

dia telah gagal unluk memberikan amaran yang sewajarnya mengenai
risiko kelumpuhan tersebut Dr Along menyatakan bahawa hampir
kesemua rakan profeslonal di dalam bidang kepakarannya tidak akan
memberi amaran kepada Fiona lenlang potensi fisiko lefsebut dan dia
telahpun bertindak melebihi lahap normal dan apa yang dilerima
sebagai amalan di dalam masyarakat ini. Dia juga menghujahkan
bahawa tiada pemakluman itu berjustifikasi karana Jike dia
memberitahu yang sebenarnya kepada Fiona, mungkln keizlnan tidak
akan diberikan, yang sudah tentunya bukan unluk kebaikan Fiona.

Bincangkan.
000
Fiona is a thirty year old secretary and was involved in a road
accident several months ago. After the accident, Fiona was brought by
ambulance to Hospital Baro, a publio hospital. She was attended to by
Dr Along and his team, Dr Busu and Dr Cik.

Dr Along explained to Fiona that she needed to sign the consent

form to undergo surgery for her back injuries. He told her that it would
be a rather major procedure with possible risks of paralysis but that Ihe
chances of paralysis milleria/ising in her case is rather slim, Dr Busu
agreed with Dr Along but Dr Clk did not offer any opinion. Fiona
agreed 10 undergo the procedure but unfortunately after the surgery
Fiona became completely paralysed from the waist down.
 LXEC 1105:06

She claims that Dr Along is liable 10 her as he had failed 10

properly warn her of the risk of paralysis. Dr Along's stand is that
almost all of his professional colleagues would not have wamed Fiona
about the potential risk and that he had done over and above what
would have been normal and accepted practice in this society. He
further argued Ihat the non-disclosure was justified as if he had warned
Fiona of the truth she would have refused consent which would not
have been in her best interests.

Discuss.
(25 markahlmarks)

4, Danny mempunyai bengkel membaiki kerela di suatu kawasan

perkampungan dan perniagaannya berjalan baik. Tanah yang
bersebelahan adalah kepunyaan Ah Beng. Tiada sebarang pagar
yang memisahkan kedua-dua bidang tanah lersebu!. Kadangkala
Danny akan melelakkan kereta-kereta para pelanggannya dl alas
lanah kosong Ah Beng dan dltlnggalkan kereta-kereta Ilu dl situ selama
beberapa hari. Pekerja-pekerja Danny juga lelah menggali sebuah
lubang di atas tanah Ah Beng yang digunakan sebagai lempat
membuang sampah.

Pada minggu lepas Danny lelah menutup bengkelnya selama

seminggu sebagaimana kelazlmannya untuk cuti tahunan. Seorang
pekerja, Ahmad, yang mempunyal kunci, telah pergi ke bengkel
tersebul unluk mengambll barang peribadinya yang tertlnggal di situ,
lelapl sewaklu hendak keluar Ahmad lelah secara lidak sengaja
terlanggar sebuah long besar yang berisi mlnyak. Dia lidak sedar
bahawa Impak itu telah membuatkan long minyak ilu sengel. Mlnyak
itu lelah mengalir keluar ke atas jalan dl atas lanah Ah Beng dan Ah
Beng yang lelah pergi ke tanahnya dua hari lepas lelah memandu di
atas jalan tersebu!. Kerelanya terbabas dan dia mengalaml
kecederaan yang agak serlus.

Blncangkan polensi liabilili yang berbangkit daripada kejadian­

kejadian di alas,
000
,

LXEC 1105:07

Danny owns a car-repair workshop in a rural area and his

business is flourishing. The neighbouring land belongs to Ah Beng.
There is no fence separating the two pieces of land. Sometimes Danny
would park his customers' cars on Ah Beng's vacant land and the cars
would be left there for days. Danny's workers have also dug a hole on
Ah Bang's land which they use to dump rubbish.

Last week Danny closed his workshop for a whole week for his
usual annual leave. An employee, Ahmad, who has a key, went into
the workshop to retrieve a personal item he had left behmd, but on the
way out Ahmad accidentally knocked against a large drum oil. He did
not notice that the impact had tilted Ihe drum of oil. The oil flowed out
onto the road on All Bang's land and An Beng who went to visit his
land two days later drove on the oil covered part of the road. His car
skidded and he sustained rat/ler serious injuries,

Discuss the potentia/liabilities arising from the events above.

(25 markah/marks)

5. Terangkan rasional di sebalik prinsip tanggungan berallh. Beri

ilustrasl melalui kes-kes, bagaimana mahkamah tslah mentafsirkan
keperluan "tort itu mesti berlaku di dalam perjalanan kerja." Adakah
keperluan in! mudah unluk dilenlukan?
000

Explain the rationale behind the principle of vicarious liability.

Illustrate with cases, how the courts have interpreted the requirement
of "the tori must have happened in the course of employment". Is this
requirement easily determined?
(25 markahlmarks)
 LXEC 1105:08

6. Saleh atau tldak suatu tuntuan bagi keruglan ekonoml lulio

dibual dl Malaysia lelah dlganskan di dalam keputusan ulama di dalam
kes Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jeye v Steven Phoa Cheng Loon &
Drs [2006J 2 MLJ 389?

Apakah kedudukan tuntuian bagi kerugian ekonomi tulin

sebelum kepulusan ini dan bagaimanakah kepulusan ini lelah memberi
impak kepada undang-undang?
000

The recoverabi/i/y of pure economic loss in Malaysia is defined

by the landmark decision in Maj/is Perbandaran Ampang Jaya v Steven
Phoa Cheng Loon & Drs [20015J 2 MLJ 389.

What was the position on the recoverability of pure economic

loss claims prior 10 lhis decision and how has this decision impacted on
the law?

Discuss.
(25 markahlmarks)

7. Tugas berhati-hali yang dikenakan ke alas penghuni terhadap

pemasuk-pemasuk di atas lanahnya berganlung kepada janis
pemasuk. Kenalpasti sallap janis pemasuk den lugas berheli-hati yang
berbeza yang dikenakan ke alas penghuni.

Adakah anda berpendapat bahawa undang-undang jelas di

dalam perkara ini?
000
The duty of care owed by an occupier towards entrants on his
land depends on the type of entrant. Identify the various types of
entrants and the varying duty of care owed by the occupier.

Do you think the law is clear in this area?

(25 markahlmarks)

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