Content

Object page

1-Purpose -------------------------------------------------------- 2
2-Apparatus ----------------------------------------------------- 2
3-Theory ------------------------------------------------------------3 ,4
4-Series connection of resistors ------------------------------- 4
5-Procedure ----------------------------------------------------------4 , 5
6-reading ---------------------------------------------------------------6
7-Graph -----------------------------------------------------------------
8-Calculation ------------------------------------------------------------- 6, 7
9-Discussion------------------------------------------------------------------8

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 Verification of Ohm's law in series circuit

1- Purpose :-

1- Investigate the relationship between the three variables

involved in Ohm's law (current, voltage and resistance).
2- To find the total resistance of series circuit.

2- Apparatus
1- Number Of Resistances
2- Voltmeter
3- Ammeter
4- And DC Power Supply
s

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 Fig(1) Ohm’s law apparatus

3-Theory:-
There are many methods to measure electrical resistance of
material practically the famous methods are:
1- Ohm's law
2- Wheatstone bridge
3- Ohmmeter
4- By color code.
Ohm's law applies to electrical circuits; state that the current
through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the potential difference (voltage) across the
two points at constant temperature, and the constant of the
proportionality is called (resistance).
The mathematical equation that describe this relationship
is:-
I=V/R--------- (Ohm's law)
Where (V) is the potential difference (voltage) measured
across the resistance in units of (volts), and (I) is the current
that pass through the resistance in units of (amperes), and
(R) is the electrical resistance of the material in units of
(Ohm's (Ω)). Thus, the higher the resistance the lower the
current passes through it for a given applied voltage. The

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 resistance of many conductors such as metals increases with
increasing the temperature of it:
R2=R 1 [1+α ( T 2−T 1 ) ]

Where R is the resistance of a metal in temperature (T ), R is

1 1 2

the resistance of a metal in temperature (T ), α is the 2

temperature coefficients of the material. When a current

flows through a resistance R , heat is generated at the rate
2
P= I R (joule heating). Thus if enough current flows through a
resistance it will cause to heat it up appreciably, it will
behave in a non-Ohmic way and one cannot speak of the
resistor as having a certain fixed resistance for all currents.

4-Series connection of resistors:

Resistors are said to be in series when they are connected in
such a way that there is only one path through which current
can flow. This means that the current in a series circuit is the
same in all parts of the circuit.
I T =I 1=I 2=I 2=¿ ------------- I n

RT =R1 + R2 + R3 +¿--------------- Rn

E=V 1+ V 2+V 3+ ¿---------------V n

5-Procedure
1- Connect the circuit as shown in figure(1).

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 2- Vary the value of the voltage from the DC power supply
and record the ammeter reading (the current 1).
3- Put your reading in a table (1).
4- Plot a graph between the voltage on Y-axis and the
current on X-axis.
5- Find the value of the total resistance (R,) from the graph
which is presented by the slope of the graph
6- Find the total resistance theoretically by using the
relation:
RT =R1 + R2 + R3

7- Find the percentage error

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 Fig(2)

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6-reading:-
V S (volt) I T (Amperes) V load (Volt)
R (Ω)
1V 0.43 * 10-3A 1.055v 2453.5Ω

2V 0.84 * 10-3A 2.06 v 2452.4Ω

3V 1.24 * 10-3 A 3.05 v 2459.7Ω

4V 1.65 * 10-3A 4.06 v 2460.6Ω

5V 2.06 * 10-3A 5.07 v 2461.2Ω

6V 2.47 * 10-3A 6.07 v 2457.5Ω

Table (1)

7-Calculation :-
I=V/R ------------------( Ohm’s law )

R=V/I
R = 1.055v / 0.43*10-3A = 2453.5Ω
R = 2.06 v / 0.84 * 10-3A = 2452.4Ω
R = 3.05 v / 1.24 * 10-3 A = 2459.7Ω

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R = 4.06 v / 1.65 * 10-3A = 2460.6Ω
R = 5.07 v / 2.06 * 10-3A = 2461.2Ω
R = 6.07 v / 2.47 * 10-3A = 2457.5Ω
∆V V 2+V 1 6.07 v −1.055 v
Slope = ∆ I = I + I = ∗103
2 1 2.47 A−0.43 A

5.015
¿
2.04
∗103 = 2458.4Ω

R Practical =2458.4Ω
Rt = R1 + R2

= 300 Ω +2200 Ω =2500 Ω

R (Theory) = 2500 Ω

R theory −R pract
Error =| Rtheory | *100%
2500Ω−2458.4 Ω
Error =| 2500Ω | *100%

Error=1.7 %

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8-Discussion:
In this experiment we used Ohm's law to measure the voltage,
resistance and current. And we learned that the resistance is
inversely proportional to the Current and directly proportional
to the voltage. And also with increasing the Voltage the current
increases because the relationship between them is directly
proportional. The Error rate was a little because we use one
resistance

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