1.

Hoisting System:-
The hoisting system is a vital component of the rig equipment. It provides a
means for vertical movement of pipe in the well (i.e., to lower or raise drillstrings,
casings, and other equipment into or out of the well). the component parts of the
hoisting system are shown in Figure 1.[ CITATION Mit111 \l 1033 ][ CITATION
Hos151 \l 1033 ]

Figure 1 the hoisting system

In the detailed rig schematic (Figure 1) the hoisting system is comprised of:
1. Mast or Derrick
2. Drawworks
3. Crown Block
4. Traveling Block
5. Deadline Anchor
6. Supply Reel
7. Drilling Line[ CITATION Mit111 \l 1033 ]

1.1.Derrick
The derrick and substructure play an important role in drilling operations. The
derrick provides the height necessary for the hoisting system to raise and lower the
pipe. the greater the height, the longer the section of pipe that can be handled and,
thus, the faster a long string of pipe can be inserted into or removed from the hole.
Derricks can handle sections called stands, which are composed of two, three, or
four joints of drillpipe. Because common drillpipes are between 8 and 10 m long
(approximately 26 to 33 ft), a derrick designed to handle three-drillpipe stands will
be taller than a 10-story building. The substructure provides the height required for
the blowout preventer stack on the wellhead below the rig floor. The derrick and
the substructure must have enough strength to support all loads, including the hook
load, pipe set in the derrick, and wind loads.

i. The derrick is an open-framework structure of steelbeams, whose function is

to hold the ensemble of sheaves at its top, known as the crown block, on
which all of the items of equipment operated in the well or on the drilling
floor are suspended.
ii. the height of the derrick must be such as to permit the vertical movement of
the travelling block for a distance greater than the equivalent of one stand.
For example, to handle a stand of 3 drill pipes (about 27 m long) the derrick
has to be about 40 m high. The derrick is designed to resist the loads tripped
in and out of the well in the operating phases, which induce both static and
dynamic stresses.
iii. Every derrick has a rated load capacity, defined by API (American
Petroleum Institute) standards, which establish the maximum hook load.
[ CITATION Mit111 \l 1033 ]
 Figure 2 Derrick And Mast[ CITATION Mit111 \l 1033 ]

1.2.Drawworks
A powerful drawworks and a pulley system attached to the derrick are used to
continue its smooth operations. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or
takes in the drilling line. The main function of the drawworks is to provide the
hoisting and braking power required to raise or lower the heavy strings of pipe
(drill pipe, casing pipe etc.). The main components of drawworks are drum, break,
transmission, and cathead (Figure 3). The large revolving drum transmits torque
required for hoisting and breaking. It also rolls the drill line (a wire rope). It has a
catshaft where the catheads[ CITATION Hos151 \l 1033 ][ CITATION Mit111 \l
1033 ]

1. The drawworks is the machine that transmits the power to operate the
equipment in the well. The basic components of the drawworks are an
engine, one or more drums containing a steel cable, and the brakes
2. The main brake is a strongly-built, band brake, used to stop the drill string as
it is being lowered, or to release it slowly during drilling.
3. Normally a hydraulic brake and an electromagnetic brake are used, although
these cannot stop the hoisting drum completely and they cannot be used
alone.
4. Heart of the rig.
5. Enabling equipment to be run in and out of the hole.
6. Provide power for making or breaking joints.
7. Principle components: drumshaft group, catshaft and coring reel group, main
drive shaft and jacketshaft group, rotary component group, and controls.

Figure 3 Drawworks[ CITATION Hos151 \l 1033 ]

1.3.Crown block
1. An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast and
over which the drilling line is reeved.
2. The crown block bears the load applied at the hook and its function is to
reduce the wire rope tension required to pull the tubular material used to drill
the well. It at the top of the rig consists of a set of sheaves (usually from 3 to
7) supported by a framework of steel beams.
3. Means of taking wire line from the hoisting drum to the traveling block
4. Number of pulleys fastened to the top of the derrick
 5. The drilling line is reeved around the crown block and traveling bock sheaves
6. One end comes to an anchoring clamp called dead line anchor
7. The other end goes to the hoisting drum described as fast line
8. During hoisting the drum spools more fast line than the distance traveled by
the traveling block
9. The speed of the dead line is zero while that of the fast line is equal to the
number of drilling line times the speed of the traveling block
10. Crown block must be positioned such that the fast line sheave is close to the
center line of the hoisting drum[ CITATION Bou91 \l 1033 ][ CITATION Hos151 \l
1033 ]

Figure 4 Crown bloc

**What is the importance of rig height? in which Condition we determine the

height ?

Answer :-Rigs are differentiated by height based on how many connected joints
of drill pipe they are able to "stand" in the derrick when it is out of the hole.

Works Cited
1. Mitchell, Rober, and Stefan Miska. . Fundamentals of drilling engineering.
s.l. : Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011.

2. Hossain, M. Enamul, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Majed. Fundamentals of

sustainable drilling engineering. s.l. : John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
 3. Bourgoyne Jr, Adam T., Keith K. Millheim, Martin E. Chenevert, and
Farrile S. Young Jr. "Applied drilling engineering." . (1991).

4. HSE, Drilling. OILWELL DRILLING HOISTING SYSTEM.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClRKrMOVm8WBm8dDdWP79-w. [Online]
Apr 5,, 2019.