Pio Del Pilar

In 1896, he joined the Katipunan in Culi-Culi that was called Matagumpay and was given the the name of Pang-una
with the rank of Colonel. He designed a war flag for their Katipunan chapter which was a blood-red flag and a
white triangle with the capital "K" in each angle, and in the middle a half sun with seven rays. On November 9,
1896, he was the leader of the rebels that defended Binakayan, Bacoor and Las Pinas and was able to capture
Spanish authorities, that earned him the rank of Brigadier-General. He was appointed the army corps commander
by Andres Bonifacio, and when the supremo died he joined Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo forces and became one of the
trusted generals. During the Philippine-American war, he led the guerilla attecks on the provinces of Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija and Rizal, but his men were capured in Morong. In 1901, he was exiled in Guam, after a year he was
grated amnesty by the Americans. Culi-Culi, was renamed after him and a statue was built in his honor in Ayala
Avenue in Makati.

Emilio Aguinaldo

      Gen. Emilio is the country’s first and at 29 became the youngest President of the Republic of the Philippines.
Born on March 22, 1869 in Kawit, Cavite to Chinese and Filipino parents, Aguinaldo headed Filipino troops in their
ferocious battles with the Spanish fleets. In 1882, Aguinaldo joined Katipunan, an organization which aims to
disarm the Spanish forces and seize the alias Magdalo.

      Aguinaldo and his group won many battles against the Spaniards. They’ve conquered the Spanish guardia civil in
Kawit, Cavite and directed the capture of the nearby town of Imus. His greatest conquest was the Battle of
Binakayan on Nov. 10, 1896, when he vanquished the corps under the command of Gov. General Ramon Blanco.

      On March 22, 1897, Aguinaldo was selected as President of the revolutionary government. However, this open-
armed government did not last that long and was stopped in December 1897 when he signed the agreement on
Biac-na-Bato. The treaty was to give the country substantial financial reward from Spain and a promise of liberal
reform, a seat in the Spanish parliament and full civil rights for the Filipinos. After the pact, Aguinaldo agreed to
leave the country and stay in exile.

      While in Hong Kong, Aguinaldo talked with the American consulate and Commodore Dewey to help him return
to the Philippines. In return, he proposed to assist the Americans in their war with Spain. He returns to the country
on May 19, 1898. Upon Aguinaldo’s come back, he declared separation of the country from Spain and proclaimed
independence on June 12, 1898. An impermanent republic was made and he became its president. By the merit of
Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898, the Philippines were handed to the United States by Spain.

      On the eve of February 4, 1899, the tension between the Americans and Filipinos arise and the American-
Filipino war breaks loose. During the fight, Filipino soldiers are out-numbered by the Americans. Aguinaldo and his
men are forced to retreat and went up to the Northern boundaries of the country. The war came to an end when
he was captured in his hide-out at Palanan, Isabela. Aguinaldo surrendered and took his oath of loyalty to the
United States on April 1, 1901 and was granted a pension and retired to private life.

      In 1935 when the Commonwealth government was created, Aguinaldo run for presidency but lost to Manuel
Quezon. After loosing he went back again to his private life and re-surfaced during the Japanese era in 1941. He
was used as a tool by the Japanese to lure American soldiers to surrender. Towards the end of the war, Aguinaldo
was detained because of his alleged alliance to the Japanese and was held captive in the Bilibid prison for several
months until he was released by president amnesty.
      In 1950 President Quirino appointed him as a member of the Council State. Soon after, Aguinaldo dedicated his
time and attention to veteran soldier’s interest and welfare, the promotion of nationalism and democracy in the
Philippines and the development of the relationship between the Philippines and the United States.

      Emilio Aguinaldo died on February 6, 1964 in Quezon City at the age of 95. He was buried behind his mansion in
Kawit, Cavite.

APOLINARIO MABINI

      Apolinario Mabini was born of Talaga,Tanauan,Batangas on July 23, 1864. The second son of Inocencio Mabini
and Dionisia Maranan.

      Mabini obtained his early education from his grandfather and hid mother, who taught him the rudiments of
reading, writing and arithmetic later, he enrolled in the primary school of Simplicio Avelino supporting himself by
working a muchacho. During his third year in high school, Mabini won first prize. a silver medal and a diploma of
honor for the course in Universal History, in a competition for scholarship conducted by the college of San Juan de
Letran in Manila. He was able to obtain a new teaching position in the school of Sebatian Virrey.

      In March 1887, desirous of continuing his studies, Mabini took and passed the required examination at the
University os Santo Tomas,obtaining the degree of Bachelor Of Arts completed the course in 1894. In the
examination for Licentiate in Jurisprudence om March 2,1894, he obtained the grade of 'excellent '. He became a
copyist in the court of first Instance of Manila.

      It was in January 1896 that he contracted a severe fever which resulted in his permanent paralysis. His physical
condition prevented him fir taking a more active part in revolutionary movement. Despite of his physical
condition , Mabini played a prominent part in the second period of revolution. He planned the revolutionary
government and acted as the Prime Minister of Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo. He occupied the constitutional de la
Republica Filipina was one of the models of the Malolos constitution. His works earned revolutionary congress
elected him chief justice of the supreme court.

      Mabini was captured by the American's in December 1899. He was released from prison on October 3,1900. He
lived in a small nipa house in Manila where he barely supported himself writing a political articles. (El Simil de
Alejandro) prompted the Americans to exile him to the island of Guam. After August 1901, because of his refusal to
sign the required oath of allegiance to the U.S. after 17 months, he was convinced of the sincerity of American's
good intension's in his country, he agreed to take the required oath.

      Mabini died of cholera in Manila on May 13, 1903 at the age of 39.

      Apolinario Mabini was called the "Sublime Paralytic ," having been paralyzed by a fatal illness which struck his
lower limps in 1894. A lawyer by profession, his earlier political exposure was through the revived La Liga Filipina,
the organization established by Jose Rizal in 1892. Not withstanding his physical handicap, Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo
recognized his brilliance and named him his chief adviser. His thinking shaped the constitutional and political basis
of the Philippine Republic, thus earning him the title the "Brains of the Revolution."

Mariano Trias

On March 22, 1897, a second assembly of Katipunan leaders from both factions was held, this time at Tejeros, near
the coast, in the heart of the Magdiwang territory. This happened while Aguinaldo and the Magdalo factions were
desperately trying to stop the advancing of the Lachambre soldiers. After a stormy debate, it was agreed to set up
a new government, replacing that of the Katipunan. Nine positions were to be filled. By secret ballot, Emilio
Aguinaldo who was absent, defending Imus against the forthcoming attack by Governor Lachambre was elected
president and Mariano Trías as vice president. Bonifacio was defeated for both positions.

At the revolutionary assembly convoked by Aguinaldo in Naic, Cavite after Easter Sunday of 1897, Trías was again
chosen as vice president of the new government. On November 1, 1897, the Biac-na-Bato Republic was
established. Emilio Aguinaldo was president and Trías was vice president.

After the abolition of the dictatorial government and the establishment of the revolutionary government, he was
appointed on July 15, 1898 as Secretary of Finance and continued in this office after the transfer of seat of the
government to Malolos. In the Paterno Cabinet, which succeeded the Mabini Cabinet, he held the position of
secretary of war. After the revolutionary government forces were practically dispersed in Central Luzon, he was
named commanding general of Southern Luzon. He directed guerrilla offensive moves in Cavite.

He figured in a series of furious skirmishes with the troops of General Wheaton in January 1900 when he held the
defense of Cavite until his men where finally dispersed.

General Trías set free all the Spanish prisoners under his command in May 1900.

Nine days after the capture of Aguinaldo, General Trías, accompanied by Severino de las Alas, former Secretary of
the Interior, Ladislao Diwa, ex- governor of Cavite, two colonels, two lieutenant colonels and a number of majors,
captains, and lieutenants, and some hundreds of soldiers with guns, voluntarily surrendered in Santa Cruz de
Malabon, Cavite to General Baldwin on May 13, 1901.

With the establishment of the civil government by the Americans, Civil Governor William Howard Taft appointed
him the first Civil Governor of Cavite on June 11,1901 in accordance with Act No. 139.

Trías was the founder of the Nacionalista Party chapter in Cavite. He supported the candidacy of Rafael Palma as
assemblyman, representing the lone district of Cavite in 1907. In the general elections of 1912, Trías was
responsible for the election of Antero S. Soriano and Florentino Joya as Governor and Representative, respectively,
of Cavite. [3]

He sailed to the United States as member of the honorary board of Filipino commissioners to the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition in 1904. After his term of office, he engaged in agricultural activities, but this was a brief
respite from politics. He was the acting governor of Cavite when he died of appendectomy at the Philippine
General Hospital on February 22, 1914. He was buried in Manila. His remains were transferred to his hometown in
1923.

The Filipino nation expressed its gratitude to General Trias, when the town of San Francisco de Malabon was
renamed after him by virtue of Act No. 2880.

Si Mariano Trías y Closas (Oktubre 12 1868 – Pebrero 22, 1914) ay itinuturing bilang de facto Pangalawang Pangulo
ng Pilipinas para sa rebolusyonaryong pamahalaan na inilunsad sa Kumbensyong Tejeros - isang kapulungan ng
mga pinunong rebolusyonaryo sa Pilipinas na naghalal ng mga opisyal ng kilusang manghihimagsik laban sa
gobyernong kolonyal ng Espanya. Nang magkawatak-watak ang asambleya, isang pagkakasundong tinatawag na
Kasunduan ng Biyak na Bato ang nilagdaan ng grupo at kumilala rin sa mga nahalal ng mga opisyal; si Trias ang
pangalawang pangulo ni Emilio Aguinaldo, ang tinuturing na unang Pangulo ng Pilipinas. Sa promulgasyon ng
Konstitusyong Malolos sa pamamagitan ng Kumbensyong Malolos, isinilang ang Unang Republika ng Pilipinas. Sa
ilalim ng administrayong Aguinaldong ito, nanilbihan si Trias sa gabinete ng Ministro ng Digmaan at Pananalapi.

Ikinasal si Trias kay María Concepción Ferrer, at nagkaroon sila ng walong mga anak.