DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

CONDENSATION OF AIR USING PHASE CHANGE

MATERIAL (PCM)

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

L. AADHITHYA (212414114001)

H. AMIR SHUJAH HUSSAIN (212414114006)

M. ARAVINDHAN (212414114007)

AYYAR KARTIK DILIP (212414114013)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SREE SASTHA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI 600123.

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025

APRIL 2017
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 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “CONDENSATION OF AIR USING

PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL” is the bonafide work of “L. AADHITHYA
(212414114001), H. AMIR SHUJAH HUSSAIN (212414114006),
M. ARAVINDHAN (212414114007), AYYAR KARTIK DILIP
(212414114013)” who carried out the project work under my supervision.

Dr. A. Shanmuga Sundaram, M.E, Ph. D, Mr. P. Hemanandan, M.E.,

Head of the Department Supervisor

Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Sree Sastha Institute Engineering, Sree Sastha Institute

of Engineering and Technology, of Engineering and Technology,

Chembarabakkam, Chennai - 123. Chembarabakkam, Chennai - 123.

This project is submitted for Anna University practical examinations held on

____________.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my immense gratitude with pleasure to the managing trustee of

Sree Sastha Group Prof. J. KARTHIKEYAN B.E, M.B.A, who has
contributed to my needs at right time for the development and success of this of
this work.

I would like to put on my record deep felt gratitude to

Dr. V. R. SAMPATH, M.TECH, Ph. D., Principal, Sree Sastha Institute Of
Engineering And Technology, Chembarabakkam, for all the facilities that he
has extend throughout my project work.

A special warm expression of gratitude and thanks is reserved for

Dr. A. SHANMUGA SUNDARAM, M.E, Ph. D, Head of the Department of
Mechanical Engineering for generously extending his help and valuable
suggestions.

I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude and intentness to

my guide, Mr. P. HEMANANDAN, M.E, Assistant Professor, Department
Of Mechanical Engineering, for his valuable guidance and encouragement in
my work. He has been a constant source of inspiration and has provided timely
help and suggestion throughout my work, I am deeply grateful to him.

I express gratitude to my parents who have been the major contributors of

inspiration and encouragement to me throughout my project work.

I express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff of

Department of Mechanical Engineering, for their timely suggestions, healthy
criticism and word of motivation, during the course of the work.

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 ABSTRACT

In this project we are going to condense air by using PCM. In this project

we are using organic PCM’s which has salient features such that it can store and

release the latent heat upto 220kJ/kg during phase change. In this project, air is

passed in the duct by using a blower over the PCM’s which will be in solid state

initially then after passing the air it will absorb the heat from the air and air will

be cooler and this causes the air to attain its saturated state at this state the air

will not be able to hold the water vapour and it starts to condense. Thus by

using this project we can conclude that we can condense air and can get water in

the form of dews. Hence convective heat transfer occurs between PCM’s and air

through air gets condensed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS xi

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Phase Change Material 1

1.2 Keywords 1

1.3 TES Introduction 2

1.3.1 Types of TES 2

1.4 PCM 3

1.4.1 Types of PCM 5

1.4.2 Properties of PCM 5

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Literature Review 7

2.2 Energy Transfer Process 8

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 2.3 The Warka Water Tower 9

3 AIM AND SCOPE OF PROJECT

3.1 Objective 11

3.2 Problem Identification 11

3.3 Need Of The Project 13

4 HEAT TRANSFER

4.1 Introduction 15

4.2 Overview 16

4.3 Mechanism 17

4.3.1 Advection 18

4.3.2 Conduction 19

4.3.3 Convection 20

4.3.3.1 Convection – Cooling 21

4.3.3.2 Convection Vs Conduction 21

4.3.4 Radiation 23

4.4 Melting 25

5 CONDENSATION

5.1 Introduction 26

5.2 Initiation 26

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 5.3 Reversibility Scenarios 26

5.4 How Condensation Is Measured ? 27

5.5 Applications Of Condensation 27

5.6 Biological Adaptations 28

6 MATERIALS AND FABRICATION

6.1 Components 29

6.1.1 PCM 29

6.1.1.1 Properties Of PCM 30

6.1.2 Blower And Exhaust 30

6.1.2.1 Specifications 32

6.1.3 Cylinder 32

6.1.3.1 Dimension 33

6.1.4 Thermocol Box 33

6.1.4.1 Dimensions 33

6.2 Methodology 34

6.3 Process Involved 34

6.3.1 Evaporation, Condensation & Saturation 35

6.3.1.1 Saturation 37

6.3.1.2 Evaporation 37

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 6.3.1.3 Condensation 37

6.3.1.4 Saturation And Cloud Droplets 38

6.3.2 Relative Humidity 38

6.4 Condensation And Dew Point 39

6.5 Surface Condensation 40

6.6 Design Calculation 43

6.6.1 Velocity Of Air 43

6.6.2 Mass Flow Rate 43

6.6.3 Heat Flow 44

6.6.4 Water Collected 45

6.6.5 Convective Heat Transfer 46

6.7 Graph 47

7 CONCLUSION 49

REFERENCES 50

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 LIST OF TABLES

S. NO TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of PCM 6

6.1 Dimensions of PCM 27

6.2 Properties of PCM used 30

6.3 Approx. usage of water 42

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Temperature - Time diagram for the heating 3

of a substance
1.2 Schematic representation of Phase change 4
process

4.1 Earth’s long wave thermal radiation intensity 16

from clouds atmosphere and surface

4.2 Red-hot iron object transferring heat to the 23

surrounding environment through thermal

radiation

6.1 PCM 30

6.2 Blower 32

6.3 Un-stabled Particles 35

6.4 Evaporation 35

6.5 Condensation 36

6.6 Saturation 36

6.7 Effects of Cooling 40

6.8 Surface Condensation 41

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

PCM = Phase Change Material

TES = Thermal Energy Storage

RH = Relative Humidity

LH = Latent Heat

Ra = Rayleigh Number

Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure (kJ/kg K)

D = Diameter (mm)

h = Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

h = Convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

ṁ = Mass flow rate (kg/s)

ɸ = Relative humidity (%)

Q = Discharge (m3/s)

Q = Heat transfer (kJ/s)

T = Temperature (K)

Td = Dry bulb temperature (K)

Tw = Wet bulb temperature (K)

V = Velocity (m/s)

ρ = Density (kg/m3)

ω = Specific humidity (kg/kg of dry air)

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