Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BBP 20102
Pengurusan Sumber Manusia
1 Introduction
Management and Organization
Management Functions
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Different HR Practices
2 Theories of HRM
Theory X and Y
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
ERG Theory
Three Needs Theory
3 Purpose of HRM
Importance of HRM
HRM and Human Resource Development
5 References
Definition
General management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing,
coordinating and controlling [6].
Definition
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the part of management that deals
with people working in an organization. It takes care of the well-being of these
people so that they can work effectively as a group and contribute to the
success of the organization [6].
Theory X
Theory X assumes that people dislike work and will avoid it if they can.
Because of this dislike of work, people must be directed and threatened with
punishment to get them to achieve organizational objectives [6].
Theory Y
Theory Y assumes that people will work as naturally as play or rest. They will
exercise self-direction and are committed to their work. Under proper
conditions, people accept responsibility [6].
Theory
Maslow assumes the existence of a hierarchy of five needs within each
individual. Low-level needs such as physiological requirements and safety
must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfillment are
pursued. In his hierarchical model, when a need is mostly satisfied, it no
longer motivates and the next higher need takes its place.
Theory
There are three categories of human needs that influence a worker’s behavior:
existence, relatedness and growth.
Some point-of-views[2]:
Contrarily to the idea by Maslow that access to the higher levels of his
pyramid required satisfaction in the lower level needs, the ERG areas of
Alderfer are simultaneous needs.
ERG Theory recognizes that the importance of the three categories may
vary for each individual.
According to the ERG theory, if you focus exclusively on one need at a
time, this will not effectively motivate.
Managers must recognize that an employee has multiple needs, which
must be satisfied simultaneously.
Theory
An individual’s specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by one’s
life experiences. Most of these needs can be classed as either achievement,
affiliation, or power. A person’s motivation and effectiveness in certain job
functions are influenced by these three needs [7].
There are several labour laws that are currently enforced in Malaysia. These
includes[1]:
1 The Employment Act 1955, The Sabah Labour Ordinance, The Sarawak Labour
Ordinance
Under The Labour Department
Covers area such as contracts of service, payment of wages, employment
of women, working hours and holidays, registers, returns, complaints and
inquiries.
Example: setting minimum labour standards for workers and seek to
protect them from exploitation, employers are required to keep a register of
employees containing specific personal particulars, inquire into and decide
on the disputes between employers and employee etc.
2 The Wages Council Act 1947
Under The Labour Department
Orders on minimum wages are made under this legislation for industries in
which the employees are not organized into unions.
Presently there are four sectors covered: shop assistants, hotel and
catering industry workers, port of Penang stevedores, cinema workers.
3 The Employees Provident Fund (EPF) Act 1991
Under the Employees Provident Fund Board
This act ensure workers have funds available on their retirement.
All employers must register with the Fund and they are responsible for
contributing to the Fund for their employees and to forward to the Fund the
employee’s contribution.
Currently, the amount to be sent are 12% and 11% respectively for the
employees’ monthly wages (inclusive of fixed allowances, commissions
and bonus payments)
4 The Workman’s Compensation Act 1952
Under The Labour Department.
To provide compensation to workers who have accidents at work or who
contract employment-related diseases.
[1] AMINUDDIN , M. Human Resource Management: Principles and Practices, first ed.
Oxford University Press, Malaysia, 2008.
[2] HELP W ITH A SSIGNMENT . Theory x and theory y in human resource management,
2011. Online: http://www.helpwithassignment.com/blog/theory-x-and-theory-y-in-
human-resource-management-from-helpwithassignment-com/.
[3] MANAGEMENT S TUDY G UIDE. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, 2011. Online:
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/maslows-hierarchy-needs-theory.htm.
[4] MASLOW , A. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50, 4 (1943),
370–396.
[5] NET MBA. COM. Mcclelland’s theory of needs, 2011. Online:
http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/.
[6] TAN , C. H., AND TORRINGTON , D. Human Resource Management for Southeast
Asia and Hong Kong. Prentice Hall, Singapore, 1998.
Thank You.