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FL Kjke'Kj.K Xqir: Li'Kz
FL Kjke'Kj.K Xqir: Li'Kz
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2020-21
,d iwQy dh pkg/89
,d iwQy dh pkg
m}sfyr dj vJq&jkf'k;k¡]
ân;&fprk,¡ èkèkdkdj]
egk egkekjh izpaM gks
iSQy jgh Fkh bèkj&mèkjA
{kh.k&oaQB e`roRlkvksa dk
djQ.k jQnu nqnk±r furkar]
Hkjs gq, Fkk fut Ñ'k jo esa
gkgkdkj vikj v'kkarA
2020-21
90/Li'kZ
2020-21
,d iwQy dh pkg/91
ns[k jgk Fkkµtks lqfLFkj gks
ugha cS B rh Fkh {k.k&Hkj]
gk;! ogh pqipki iM+h Fkh
vVy 'kkafr&lh èkkj.k djA
lquuk ogh pkgrk Fkk eSa
mls Lo;a gh mdlkdjµ
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iw Q y gh nks ykdj!
2020-21
92/Li'kZ
2020-21
,d iwQy dh pkg/93
ek¡ osQ HkDr gq, rqe oSQls]
djosQ ;g fopkj [kksVk\
ek¡ osQ lEeq[k gh ek¡ dk rqe
xkSjo djrs gks NksVk!
oqQN u lquk HkDrksa us] >V ls
eq > s ?ks j dj idM+ fy;k_
ekj&ekjdj eqDosQ&?kw¡ls
èke&ls uhps fxjk fn;k!
2020-21
94/Li'kZ
2020-21
,d iwQy dh pkg/95
iz'u&vH;kl
1. fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,µ
(d) dfork dh mu iafDr;ksa dks fyf[k,] ftuls fuEufyf[kr vFkZ dk cksèk gksrk gSµ
(i) lqf[k;k osQ ckgj tkus ij firk dk ân; dk¡i mBrk FkkA
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(ii) ioZr dh pksVh ij fLFkr eafnj dh vuqie 'kksHkkA
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(iii) iqtkjh ls izlkn@iwQy ikus ij lqf[k;k osQ firk dh eu%fLFkfrA
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(iv) firk dh osnuk vkSj mldk i'pkrkiA
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([k) chekj cPph us D;k bPNk izdV dh\
(x) lqf[k;k osQ firk ij dkSu&lk vkjksi yxkdj mls nafMr fd;k x;k\
(?k) tsy ls NwVus osQ ckn lqf[k;k osQ firk us viuh cPph dks fdl :i esa ik;k\
(Ä) bl dfork dk osaQnzh; Hkko vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
2020-21
96/Li'kZ
2020-21
,d iwQy dh pkg/97
ruq µ 'kjhj
rki&rIr µ Toj ls ihfM+r
f'kfFky µ de”kksj] <hyk
vo;o & vax
foày µ nq%[kh] cspSu
Lo.kZ ?ku µ lqugys ckny
xzluk µ fuxyuk
frfej µ vaèkdkj
foLrh.kZ µ iSQyk gqvk
ljflt µ dey
jfodj tky µ lw;Z&fdj.kksa dk lewg
vkeksfnr µ vkuaniw.kZ
vfoJkar µ fcuk #osQ gq,] yxkrkj
f<dyk µ Bsyk x;k] èkosQyk x;k
flag ikSj µ eafnj dk eq[; }kj
ifjèkku µ oL=k
'kqfprk µ ifo=krk
oaQB {kh.k gksuk µ jksus osQ dkj.k Loj dk {kh.k ;k de”kksj gksuk
izHkkr ltx µ gypy ls Hkjh lqcg
vyl nksigjh µ vkyL; ls Hkjh nksigjh
2020-21