www.tnschools.co.in PLUS ONE CHEMISTRY EXERCISE PROBLEMS LESSON-1 CHEMICAL CALCULATION 1. Calculate the formula weight of the following compounds: (@) NOx, (6) Glucose CsH:206 (©) NaOH, (@ Mg (OH)z, (¢) Methanol CH3OH, (f) PCls, (g) K2COs Sol. (2) NO, 1x AW of N = 14 amu 2> AW of O 2x 16 32 amu Formula weight of NO, = % amv (6) Coly206 6xAW of C = 6x12= 72.0 amu 12x AW of H’ = 12x 1= 12.0 amu 6x AW of 0 = 6X 16= 96.0 amu Formula weight of CgH;20, = 180.0 amu (©) NaOH Lx AW of Na = 23.0 amu Lx AW of QO = 16.0 amu LxXAW of H = 1.0 amu Formula: weight of NaOH = 40.0 amuwww.tnschools.co.in (a) Mg (OH), 1x AW of Mg = 24.0 amu 2x AW of O = 32.0 amu 2x AW of H 2.0 amu Formula weight of Mg(OH), = 580 amu (e) CH,OH 1X A.W of C = 12am 4x AW of H = 4 amu 1x AW of O = 16 amu Formula weight of CH;0H = = 32 amu (f) PCI; 1X AW of P= 30.0 am 3X AW of Cl = 106.5 amu (x 355) = 136.5 amu (g). K,COs 2KAWof K = 2391 = 782 amu - 1x A.W of C = 1x12 = 12.0 amu 3XAWofO = 3X16 = 480 amu Formula weight of K,CO; = 1382 amu 2. What is the mass in grams of calcium atom Ca? “Sol. Ca-atomic mass = 40 g Mass of 1 Ca'atom = ——“0 6.023 x 10% (6.023 x 10”? atoms of calcium weigh its atomic weight 40) = 664x107? g 3. What is mass in grams of an ethanol molecule C2HsOH? Sol. Ethanol-C,H;OH molecular mass = 1 mole =4+6+ 16 = 46¢ 6.023 x 10”? molecules of ethanol weigh 46 gm. 4% 6.023 x 10°° = 7.637x 10 g 4, Calculate the mass in grams of each of the following species: (a) Na atom, (b) S atom, (c) CH3CI molecule, (@) NazSQ3 formula unit. (a) Na atom Mass of 1 molecule of ethanol = Atomic mass of Na = 23g = 1 molewww.tnschools.co.in +. mass of 1 atom of Na = = 3818x107 g 6.023 x 10 (6) S atom Atomic mass of § = 32g = 1 mole = 32 = 23 . mass of 1 atom of S = ————,, = 5321x10™ g 6.023 x 10 (©) CHCl molecule 1 mole of CHC! formula weight 12 +3 +355 = 05g fs 50.5 6.023 x 107 (d) Mass of Na,SO, formula unit. (Molecular weight) Mass of Na,SO3 =. (232) + (32x 1) + (16x 3) = 46 + 32+ 48 = 168 §. H2O2 is a colourless liquid. A concentrated solution of it is used as a source of oxygen for rocket propellant fuels. Dilute aqueous solutions are used as a bleach. Analysis of a solution shows that it contains 0.909 mol H2O2 in 1.002 of solution. What is the mass of H202 in this volume of solution? - Sol. Molar mass of H,0,= (2x 1) + (2X 16) Mass of 1 molecule of CHCl = 3384 x 1073 g ' g ® 3 Mass of 1 mole " . mass of 0.909 mol H;,0, Mass of H,O,= 30.906 g 6. Boric acid HsBOs is a mild antiseptic and is often used as an eye-wash. ‘A sample contains 0.543 mol’ H3BO3. What is the mass of Boric acid in the sample? Sol. Molar mass of Boric acid = (3 x 1) + (1 11) + (3 x 16) 3+ 11+ 4 62 g mol! 0.543 x 62 1 <. mass of 0.543 mol H;BO, = = 33.666 gm 7. Csz is a colourless, highly inflammable liquid used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophone. A sample contains 0.0205 mo! Cs2. Calculate the mass of Cs2 in the sample. Sol. Molar mass of Cs, = (1x 12) + (2x32) = 12 + 64 = 16 g molwww.tnschools.co.in “. mass of 0.0205 mol Cs, = 0.0205 x % = 1558 g 8. Nitric acid HNOs is a colourless, corrosive liquid used in the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizer and explosives. In an experiment to: develop new explosives for mining operations, a 28.5 g sample of HNO3 was poured into a beaker. How many moles of HNO3 are there in this sample of HNO3? Sol. The molar mass of HNO, = 1 + 14 + 48 63 g mol! 63 g of HNO; = 1 mol ¥. 285 g of HNO, = 2x 285 = 0.452 mol. 9. Obtain the moles of the substances in the following: (@) 3.43 g C, (b) 7.05 g Br2, (€) 76 g C4Hio @) 35.4 g LizCOs, (e) 2.57 g As (). 7.83 g Py, () 41.4 g N2Hy (A) 153 g Al (SO4)3 Sol. (a) 3.43 g of C Carbon = Atomic mass = 12 amu (Atomic mass = Molecular mass since it is a monoatomic molecule) 12 g of C = 1 mol 343 g of C = e x 3.43 = 0.2858 mol () 7.05 g of Br, Bry = Molar mass = 80x2 = 160g 160 g of Bry = 1 mol 1105. g of Bry = Ee x 705 = 0.044 mol (© 76 & Cyto CyHyp = Molar mass = (4x 12) + (10x 1) +10 = 58g 1 mol 58 g of CiHio 16 g of CyHyy = ax 1310 mol @ 384 g Li,COs LisCO3 = Molar mass = (2x 7) + (1x 12) + (3 x 16) = 14+ 12+ = 4g74 g of Li,CO,; ~ 1 mol www.tnschools.co.in + 354 g of Li,CO; = + x 35.4 = 0.478 mol () 2.57 g As As = Atomic mass = 75 g Arsenic 75 g of As = 1 mol 257 goof As = = 2.57 = 0.03426 mol (783 @ Py P, = Atomic.mass = 30.97 g 4x 3097 g of P= 1 mol 1 1. 788 g of P= Foaaas x 7.83 1.83 1o3g = 0.0632 mol @ 414 g NoHy NjHy = Molar mass = (2x 14) + (4x 1) =@+4 = 2g 32 g of NH, = 1 mol + 414 g of NjHy = Bx = 1293 mol (h) 183 g Al; (SO4)5 “AL ($O,)3 = Molar mass = (2 x 27) + @ x 32) + (12 x 16) = 54+ % + 192 > 342 g 342 g of Al, ($O,), = 1 mol "153 g of AL (SO,)3 = ss x 153 = 0.4473, mol 16, How many molecules are there in 56 mg HCN? Sol. HCN = Molar mass = 1 + 12 + 14 = 27 g mol? 56 mg of HCN= 56x 1073 = 56x 107? g 27 g of HCN contains 6.023 x 10°? molecules a 23 x 1073 - ©“. 56107? g HCN contain = $028. x 10" 556 x 30 2 1.2492 x 10°! molecules ilwww.tnschools.co.in 11. Calculate the following: (a) Number of molecules in 43 g NH3, (6) Number of atoms in 32.0 g Br2, (c) Number of atoms in 7.46 g of Li Sol. (a) NH; = Molar mass = 14 + 3 = 17g (1 mole) 1 mole contains 61023 x 10° molecules 17 g of NH; contains 6.023 x 10°? molecules " 23, 6.023 x 10 aes 15.234 x 10° 1.5234 x 10% NH molecules ©. 43 g of NHg contain ' (b) Bry = Atomic mass = 80 g 1 gm atomic weight contains 6.023 x 10% atoms 80 g of bromine contains 6.023 x 10° atoms 6.023 x 10° 80 = 2.4092 x 103 bromine atoms © 32 g of bromine contains 32 (c) Li = Atomic mass = 7 g 7 of lithium contains 6.023 x 10°? atoms 6.023 x 109 7 2. 7.46 g of lithium contains x 7.46 = 6.418 x 10 lithium atoms 12, A’ substance on analysis, gave the following percentage composition Na = 43.4%, C = 113%, O = 433%, calculate its empirical formula, Sol. Relative Suk Simplest Element % number of ne whole number ratio moles : moles ratio Sodium Ba | Ba _ 1886 _ z 33 -~ 488 | Qo41 = 7 Carbon 113 113 _ 0.941 1 2.7 9°41 | “Ogar * 4 Oxygen a3 | 33 _ 2.706 _ 3 16 = 75) Goat = 3 Hence, the empirical formula = Na;CO3www.tnschools.co.in 13. What is the simplest formula of the compound which has the following percentage composition carbon 80%, Hydrogen 20%? Sol. ~ Relative . ; Simplest Element % number of Sop ratio | whole number moles moles ratio Carbon 80 6666 1 6.666 Hydrogen 20 ® _, 3 6.666 i Hence, the empirical formula is CH, 14. A compound on analysis gave the following perceutage composition C = 54.54%, H = 9.09%, O = 36.36%, find its empirical formula. Sol. Relative | | —Simplest Element % number of | Simple ratio | age number moles : moles ratio. Carbon 545d | Sash tH z wm 7 44) 3a? Hydrogen | 9.09 | 909 _ 909 _ 4 ® = 909 | 3 = 40 Oxygen 3636 | 3636 _ 227 | 1 2 on; ay Hence, the empirical formula is CxHyO 15, An organic compound was found to have contained carbon = 40.65%, hydrogen = 8.55% and nitrogen = 23.7%, Its vapour density was found to he 29.5. What is the molecular formula of the compound? Sol. | | | Relative | si le Z tio | Simpiest | Blement | number of | PRE T° | whole number | | | moles moles ratio | | Carbon 40.65 | og = 33 j 2 | | | j Hydrogen | 38.55 | ey = 855 5 | Nitrogen 23.7 BI _ 16g. i 1 | | 14 | | Oxygen \ 21 | WL _ p69 1 \ | | | 16 | |www.tnschools.co.in Hence, the empirical: formula is C,HsNO Molecular mass Empirical formula mass n «. Molecular formula Molecular formula 16. A compound contains 2x Vapour density 2x 295 = 59 (2x 2) + (1x 5) +14 +16 9 Molecular mass _ 59 _ Empirical formula mass — 59 Empirical formula xn C)HNO x1 CH,NO 32% carbon, 4% hydrogen and rest oxygen. Its vapour density is 75, Calculate the empirical and molecular formula. Sol. | Relative staple “ath Simplest Element’ | % number of pie Fatlo | hole number | moles " | moles ratio Carbon | | 32 2.66 _ ix2=2 | 2.66 | . | Hydrogen | 4 4. 4 15x2 = 3 “| ta=4 | sk = 1.505 I Oxygen 64 64 40 15x2=3 | we 4 | agg 7 1506 Empirical formula is C,H303, Empirical formula mass = 2 x 12+3+48 = 2+3 4+ 48 = 75 = Vapour density x 2 Molecular mass Molecular mass ” = Empirical formula mass Molecular mass = 75x 2 = 150 150 na Oe 1S n Molecular formula = Empirical formula x 3 ©)H,03 x2 = CHO, = CyH305 Molecular. formulawww.tnschools.c: 17. An acid of molecular mass 104 contains 34.6% carbon, 3.85% hydrogen and rest oxygen. Calculate the molecular formula of the acid. Sol. { | Relative Simpl " ii plest Element ninnber of | Simple ratio whole moles . moles number ratio - | Carbon 346 34.6 2.88 ; 1x3 =3 D 2.88 288 7 1 Hydrogen | 385 3 385 _ yy, [133K3 = 4 295 ~ b* Oxygen 6155 | 6155 _ 445] 385 _ yy, [133x3 = 4 16 2. Empirical formula is CsH,O, Empirical formula mass = 3x 12+4+4x 16 a = —Molecularmass — _ 3g _ 4 4 64 = 104 a Molecular formula Molecular formula ‘Empirical formula mass 104 104 1 Empirical formula x 1 C3H,O4 C3H,O4 18. What is the simplest formula of the compound, which has the following percentage composition: carbon 80%, hydrogen 20%, if the molecular mass is 30, calculate its molecular formula. Sol. | Relative | ciple ratio | Simplest Element % number of | "une ® whole moles moles number ratio + Carbon 80 80 6.666 | 1 gi | gee | Hydrogen 20 20. 3 3 6.666 | Empirical formula is CH, Molecular mass 30www.tnschools.co.in . molecular formula = Empirical formula x 2 CH, x2 = CH, 19. Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in the following species. (2) MnSOs, (6) $203, (c) HNOs,. (@ K2MnOg, (¢) NHE Sol. (a) Mn in MnSO, () S in 8,0, © N in HNO, x+6-8=0 2-6 =0 +1+x-6 =0 x = 42 w= 6 x-5 =0 x = 43 x = +5 (d) Mn in K,MnO, (e) N in NHZ +24+x-8 =0 x+4 = +1 x-6=0 x = 41-4 x = +6 x= -3 20. Balance the following equations by oxidation number’ method: @ Mg + NO; = —> Mg’* +N,0 + 1,0 +5 +1 Mg?+NOy ——> Mg”** +N,O + H,0 Mg®—— Mg?* “Oxidation number increases by 2 units. + N*5_+ N° Oxidation number decreases by 4 units. Equalizing the increase and decrease in oxidation number. increase by 2 Tas ae Mg? +NOZ = —> Me** + NO + HO - decrease by 4 2Mg + NO; ——> 2Mg’* +N,0 + H,O Since on the product side there are 2 nitrogen atom and only 1 nitrogen ‘om the reactant side double the above equation. 4.Mg + 2NO; —— 4Mg’* +N,0 + H,0 Now Mg and N are balanced. Now to balance the oxygen write 5H,0 on the product and to balance the H on the reactant side 10H*. So the balanced equation is 4Mg +2NO3 + 10H* = ——> 4Mg** +.N,O + SH,O 4Mg + 2NOz + 10H* =—> 4Mg** + N,O + 5H,0 3 le 2 izwww.tnschools.co.in (i) Ce* +Na,O, —> Cro}” + Na* increase by 3 TS ke cr* + Na,oyt cro;? + Na | decrease by 1 To equalise the decrease and increase in oxidation numbers, multiply ct by 1 and NayO» by 3. ct +3Na,0, —> Cro} + Na™ + To balance the product side Cr>* + 3Na,O, ——+ CrO}” + 6Na* + 2H,0 Since 2 oxygen are Jess on the product side it should be balanced adding HO and to balance the hydrogen on the product side 441+ must be added on the reactant side Crt +3Na,0, + 4H* —— CrO}7 + 6Na* + 2H,0 Gi) S* +NO; —> NO'+ S increase by 2 [as oT Ss" +NOy —+ NO +8? |_ decrease by 3 By cross multiplying to make the increase and decrease in oxidation numbers. 38° +2NO; —> NO +8 38?" + 2NOy ——> 2NO + 3S To balance the oxygen and then to balance the hydrogen atoms. 38°- +2NOZ +8H* —-~> 2NO + 38 + 4H,O (iv) FeS. + 0, ——> Fe,0; + SO, R 425 o +4 -2 et? $ + Of —+ Fe,03 + SO, Increase in Oxidation number is +2 to +3 Decrease in Oxidation number is 0 to —2 and since there are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side. 4 FeS + O, ——> Fe,0; + SO, To balance Fe and $ on the product side. 4.FeS + 0, —> 2Fe,0, + 480, To balance the oxygen on the product side adding oxygen on the reactant side.www.tnschools.co.in 4 FeS + O, + 60, —> 2Fe,0, + 480, (v) Cl, + OH” —= Cr +10; +11,0 ee « cP +c + OH” —> cr} +Cl0, + H,0 On the product side chlorine is in 2 different oxidation states so we write as 2 different atoms. deercase by 1 ch + de + OHT ——> Clo + clos + H,0 L increase by $ _| 5Cl+.Cl+ OH ——~ Cl +0; + H,O or 3CLh+OH™ —> scl’ + Clo, +H,0 To balance the oxygen and hydrogen, we can have 6(OH™ 3Cl, +60H” —— SCI” + ClO; + 3H,0 (Note: There is no change in oxidation number of OH] 24. Calculate the amount of NH3 required to prepare 1 L of 0.1 M solution, Sol. Molar mass of NH, = 17g mol! 1 L of 1M solution requires 17 g of NH; “1 L of 0.1 M solution requires a xOL= 17g 22. How would you make up 425 ml of 0.15 M HNO3 from 68% ,HNO3? The density of 68% HNOs is 1.41 g ml 1. Sol. To prepare 1 litre of 1 M solution of HNO, we require 63 gm. . to prepare 1 litre of 0.15 M solution we Tequire 63 x 0.15 1 For'I litre of 0.15 M solution 9.45 gm of HNO; are required. (1000 mi) = 9.45 gm 9.45 <. for 425 ml of 0.15 M solution of HNO we require 2X25 4.016 om The density of 68% HNO, is 141 gm mi? 1.41 gm of 68% HINO is present in’1 ml +. 4.016 gm of 68% HINOs is present in 1 mi S22 = 2848 al By dissolving 2.848 ml of 68% HNO3 is 425 ml of water we can prepare 0.15 M HNO;www.tnschools.co.in 23. Calculate the molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 100 m! of 0.3 M H2SO4 and 200 ml of 1.5 MH2SO4. Sol. To find the ‘weight of H,SO, in 100 ml of 0.3 M H,SO, 1009 ml of 1 M H,SO, contains 98 gm of H,SO, 98 X03 x 100 1000 To find the weight of H,SO, in 200 ml of 1.5 M H,SO, 1000 mi of 1 M H,SQ, contains 98 gm * 100 ml of 0.3 M H,SO, contains = 2.94 gm s 2. 200 ml of 1.5 M H,SO, contains Bx = 294 gm 300 ml of HySO, contains 294 + 29.4 gm of H,SO, = 3244 gm Nimber of moles _ 32.44/98 7 Molarity = “Volumeinlt. ~ 03° 7 103M 24, Calculate the molality af a solution by dissolving 0,85 g.of NH3 in 100 ¢ of water, Sot Motality = Number ofmoles Mass of the solvent in kg Given mass _ 0.85 Number of moles = “Mol.mass ~ 17 0.85 7 085 = Qiks * 17x01 ~ °° Molality = 0.5 m 25. NiSO4 reacts with NasPO4 to give Nis PO.) and a solution of NazSOs. 3 NiSOs(aq) + 2NasPO4(aq) ——* Nis (PO4)2 + 3Na2SO4(aqy How many ml of 0.375 M NiSOg will react with 45.7 ml of 0.265 M Molality Na3P04? Sol. NiSO, NasPO4 ViNy = VN) V)xX2xKN, = V,xX3xN) Since 1 M of NiSO, = 2N and 1M of Na,PO, = 3N Vy X2X 0.375 = 45.7 X 3 x 0.265 45.7 X 3 x 0:265 2 x 0.375 48.84 ml of 0.375 M NiSO, will react with 45.7 ml of 0.265 M Na,PO,. Y= = 43.84 ml‘www.tnschools.co.in 26. What volume of 0.25 M HNOs reacts with 42.4 ml of 0.15 M NazCO3 in the following reaction. 2HNOsqiq) + Na,CO; —> 2NaNO3 + H0 + COn(a9) Sol. HNO; NajCOs : ViNy = -V2Ne V1 X0.25= 424% 2x 0.15 Since 1 M of HNO; = 1 N of HNO; and 1 M of Na,CO3 = 2N of Na,CO3 Vy X0.25 = 424x2 x 0.15 — 424% 2x 0.15 0.25 42.4 ml of 0.15 M Na,CO3 will react with 50.88 ml of 0.25 M HNO3. 27. A flask contains 53.1 ml of 0.15 M Ca (OH)2. How many ml of 0.35 M NagCOs are required to react completely with Ca (OH)2 in the following avy =. 50.88 ml reaction. NayCO3(aq) + Ca (OM)gq ——> CaCO + 2NaOH Sol, Ca(OH), Na,CO3 VN; = V,N, 5312x015 = V2x2x035 since for both 1 M= 2N _ 31% 2 x 0.15 2 2 035 = 22.75 ml 22.75 ml of 0.35 M NajCO3 is required to react with 53.1 ml of 0.15 M Ca(OH).