Group Practice GP 34-00

Machinery

Use and Interpretation of this document

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Copyright © 2014. BP p.l.c. All rights reserved.

Applicability: All BP
Issue date: 19 January 2015
Issuing authority: Group Head of Engineering
Content Owner: VP Engineering Standards and Practices
(StandardslineS@bp.com )
Unique identifier:
Legacy identifier GP 34-00

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Table of Contents
................................................................................................................................................. Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1 Scope and exceptions ............................................................................................................ 5
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................ 5
3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................ 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 7
5 Order of precedence .............................................................................................................. 8
6 General .................................................................................................................................. 8
6.1 Machinery Selection ................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Responsibilities ........................................................................................................... 9
6.3 Provision of standby equipment .................................................................................. 9
6.4 Criticality assessment ................................................................................................. 9
6.5 Factory testing .......................................................................................................... 11
6.6 Site Testing ............................................................................................................... 12
6.7 Operating conditions ................................................................................................. 13
6.8 Installation................................................................................................................. 15
6.9 Machinery protection systems .................................................................................. 16
6.10 Equipment monitoring .............................................................................................. 18
6.11 Equipment layout ...................................................................................................... 19
6.12 Machinery repairs ..................................................................................................... 20
7 Equipment and component type specific requirements ....................................................... 20
7.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 20
7.2 Seals ......................................................................................................................... 20
7.3 Pumps ...................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 Compressors ............................................................................................................ 26
7.5 Fans .......................................................................................................................... 29
7.6 Expander-compressors ............................................................................................. 29
7.7 Electrical power generators ...................................................................................... 29
7.8 Drivers ...................................................................................................................... 30
7.9 Transmissions ........................................................................................................... 34
8 Auxiliary systems and components...................................................................................... 35
8.2 Oil mist systems ....................................................................................................... 36
8.3 Steam condensers .................................................................................................... 36

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8.4 Vacuum systems ...................................................................................................... 36

8.5 Lubricating oil selection............................................................................................. 36
9 Noise ................................................................................................................................... 36
10 Supplier documentation ....................................................................................................... 37
11 Procurement ........................................................................................................................ 38
Annex A (Normative) Criticality Levels of Rotating Equipment ..................................................... 39
Supporting references .................................................................................................................. 40

List of Tables

Table 1 - Parameters for centrifugal pump Group Instruction for Supply (GIS) selection................ 23
Table 2 - Electric motor ratings...................................................................................................... 30

List of Figures

Figure 1 - Guide to head, flow, and speed for centrifugal pumps .................................................. 22
Figure 2 - Compressor application flow versus pressure ratio ....................................................... 27

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Foreword

This is a revised issue of Engineering Technical Practice (ETP) GP 34-00. This Group Practice (GP)
incorporates the following changes:

• Document style and format has been updated to the ETP GP template GP 00-91.

• Inclusion of validated shared learnings and comments.

• Revised to rationalise and simplify the original document.

Due to extensive changes, revisions are not identified by a bar in the left margin, as is
normal practice.

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1 Scope and exceptions

a. This GP provides requirements, recommendations, and permission for:

1. Machinery, such as pumps, compressors, fans, steam turbines, gas turbines,
diesel engines, gears, mixers, centrifuges, and their ancillary systems.
2. Machine type, sparing, sizing, and integration into a system.
b. This GP does not, in general, cover detailed functional, constructional, or testing
requirements but does identify applicable Company and industry specifications.
c. This GP applies to equipment used in:
1. Refineries and chemical works, including off sites and utilities.
2. Offshore installations and onshore terminals.
3. Pipelines and pumping stations.
4. Crude oil and gas gathering and separation plants.
5. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants.
d. This GP can apply to other applications similar to those identified in a. through c.
but is not intended for specialised drilling operations.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referenced in one or more requirements in this document. For
dated references, only the version cited applies. For undated references, the latest version
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

Company
E&P Major Projects Common Process (MPcp).
R&M Projects Common Process - Engineering and Quality
Management Guideline.
GP 12-20 Motors.
GP 12-80 Power Generators.
GIS 12-201 Low Voltage Induction Motors (IEC).
GIS 12-202 NEMA Low Voltage Induction Motors (PIP ELSMT01D).
GIS 12-203 High Voltage Induction Motors (IEC).
GIS 12-204 Medium Voltage Induction Motors (API 541).
GIS 12-205 Specification for Synchronous Motors (IEC).
GIS 12-206 Specification for Synchronous Motors (NEMA).
GIS 12-801 Power Generators (IEC).
GIS 12-802 Power Generators (API 546).
GIS 12-851 Specification for Emergency Generator Packages (IEC).
GIS 12-852 Specification for Emergency Generators (NFPA).
GIS 15-011 Noise Control
GIS 26-103 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers (ISO 13706 or API 661).
GIS 26-106 Steam Surface Condensers.

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GIS 34-101 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

(API 617).
GIS 34-102 Packaged, Integrally Geared, Centrifugal Air Compressors
(API 672).
GIS 34-103 Packaged Reciprocating Compressors (ISO 13631).
GIS 34-104 Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry Services (API 618).
GIS 34-105 Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors (API 681).
GIS 34-106 Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressors - Part 1: Process
Compressor (ISO 10440-1 or API 619).
GIS 34-107 Specification for Plant and Instrument Air Packages
GIS 34-201 Centrifugal Pumps (ISO 13709 or API 610).
GIS 34 202 Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps (ASME B73.1).
GIS 34 203 Vertical Inline Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Service (ASME
B73.2M).
GIS 34 204 Centrifugal Pumps (ISO 5199).
GIS 34-205 ISO 15783 Seal-less Rotordynamic Pumps.
GIS 34-206 API 685 Seal-less Pumps
GIS 34-207 Specification for Offshore Firewater Pump Package.
GIS 34-208 Specification for Onshore Firewater Pump Package.
GIS 34-209 Specification for FPSO Firewater Pump Package.
GIS 34-211 Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating (API 674).
GIS 34-212 Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume (API 675).
GIS 34-213 Positive Displacement Pumps - Rotary (API 676).
GIS 34-301 General Purpose Steam Turbines (API 611).
GIS 34-302 Special Purpose Steam Turbines (ISO 10437 or API 612).
GIS 34-303 Gas Turbines (API 616).
GIS 34-305 Diesel Engines.
GIS 34-306 Natural Gas Engines.
GIS 34-501 Special Purpose Gear Units (API 613).
GIS 34-502 General Purpose Gear Units (API 677).
GIS 34-503 Special Purpose Couplings (ISO 10441 or API 671).
GIS 34-504 General Purpose Couplings (ISO 14691).
GIS 34-701 Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems and Auxiliaries
(ISO 10438 or API 614).
GIS 34-702 Oil Mist Lubrication Systems.
GIS 34-704 Pump Shaft Seal Systems (ISO 21049 or API 682).
GIS 34-705 Machinery Protection Systems (API 670).
GIS 34-801 Machinery Installation and Installation Design (API 686).
GP 36-25 Materials for Sour Service in Exploration and Production
Operations.
GP 36-26 Materials for Sour Service in Petroleum Refining Environments.
GP 42-10 Piping Systems (ASME B31.3).

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American Petroleum Institute (API)

API RP 684 API Standard Paragraphs Rotordynamic Tutorial: Lateral Critical
Speeds, Unbalance Response, Stability, Train Torsionals, and
Rotor Balancing.
API RP 686 Machinery Installation and Installation Design.
API RP 687 Rotor Repair.
API Std 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries.
API Std 673 Centrifugal Fans for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry
Services.

International Standards Organisation (ISO)

ISO 7919 Mechanical Vibration: Evaluation of vibration by measurements on
rotating shafts.
ISO 10816 Mechanical Vibration: Evaluation of vibration by measurements on
non-rotating parts

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this GP, the following terms and definitions apply:

Nominated supplier
The supplier with the overall responsibility for design and installation of the complete
machinery package.

Site rated power

The shaft power developed by the gas turbine when it is operated at site rated firing
temperature, rated speed, and site rated conditions of inlet temperature, inlet pressure,
exhaust pressure, and normal fuel composition.

Site rated conditions

The specified values at the inlet flange of the gas generator with maximum inlet air
temperature, minimum inlet air pressure, and maximum exhaust pressure at which site
rated power is required. Inlet and exhaust ducting and other facilities, barometric variations,
and ambient temperature ranges necessitate being evaluated when specifying the site rated
conditions.

4 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purpose of this GP, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:

DLE Dry low emissions.

FDFPFLFS Full density, full pressure, full load, full speed.

ICSS Integrated control and safety system.

LCC Lifecycle cost.

NPIP Net positive inlet pressure.

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NPSH3 NPSH that results in a 3% drop in head determined by the Supplier by

testing with water by the Supplier.

VPI Vacuum pressure impregnated.

1oo2 One out of two.

2oo2 Two out of two.

2oo3 Two out of three.

5 Order of precedence

a. In the event of a conflict between this GP and a relevant law or regulation, the
relevant law or regulation shall be followed.
b. Requirements in this GP that are more stringent than a relevant law or regulation
shall be followed, provided that these requirements achieve compliance with the
law or regulation.

6 General

6.1 Machinery Selection

a. Equipment selected shall be of proven design unless approved by BP responsible
engineer.
b. The number and size of rotating equipment selected shall evaluate the following:
1. Long term production profile.
2. Environmental impacts (e.g. change in ambient temperature which effect
performance or flow).
3. Maintenance and overhaul requirements with resulting impacts on availability.
4. Efficiency of under loaded or equipment running off design with associated
OPEX impacts.
c. Machinery shall be selected and purchased on basis of a minimum LCC analysis.
d. LCC costs shall include but not be limited to:
1. CAPEX.
2. Installation costs.
3. OPEX. This includes fuel gas, electrical power, CO2 taxes, lube oil,
consumables, and filters.
4. Maintenance costs. This includes cost of spares, labor and the cost of
overhauls, both onsite and offsite.
5. Historical inflation factors for all OPEX categories.
6. Expected lost production due to planned maintenance.
7. Expected lost production due to unreliability, based on experience with
similar equipment. For example, data from Company operated sites
worldwide, or OREDA for offshore equipment.
e. A LCC that uses discounted NPV economics shall:

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1. Use the current discount rate along with a (0.5x) reduced discount rate to
show a range of sensitivities against long term OPEX impacts.
2. Ensure that OPEX impacts are still being evaluated at the end of the project
life cycle which may require adjusting the NPV discount rate or increasing the
OPEX inflation factors.
f. The need for standby machinery shall be included in the LCC analysis.

6.2 Responsibilities

6.2.1 Overall responsibility

a. Driven equipment supplier should be the nominated supplier and take overall
responsibility for complete package design and installation.
b. For installations for which cost of the driver represents a high percentage of total
cost (e.g., a gas turbine), either:
1. The driver supplier may take overall responsibility.
2. The driver may be supplied as free issue equipment by Company to the
driven equipment supplier, which takes overall responsibility.
c. Nominated supplier shall:
1. Be fully responsible for all equipment provided by sub- suppliers.
2. Ensure that all such equipment and any free issue equipment are properly
integrated into the complete installation to conform to applied specifications.
d. Nominated supplier responsibilities shall include:
1. Dimensional compatibility.
2. Shaft system critical speeds.
3. Vibration level.
4. Noise levels.
5. Acceptability of pipe loads.
6. Arrangement of auxiliary systems.
7. Provision of all data needed for design of support structures or foundations.

6.3 Provision of standby equipment

Necessity for standby machinery shall be based on RAM model analysis that
incorporates reliability/availability of individual items of equipment, drivers, and
required overall plant availability.

6.4 Criticality assessment

6.4.1 Development of quality programme for new equipment

a. Annex A shall be used to assign the criticality rating for rotating equipment
identified in this specification.
b. The criticality rating shall be used to determine the quality programme for the
equipment
c. The quality programme shall identify inspection and testing requirements for the
machine throughout design, manufacture, installation, and commissioning.

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d. For Upstream segment major projects the criticality rating shall be used to
determine:
1. The design assurance requirements to be applied by engineering,
2. The quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) requirements to be
applied during procurement and manufacture of equipment
3. The QA and QC inspection levels and surveillance requirements to be applied
during construction, installation, commissioning and handover.

6.4.2 Development of equipment strategies for new equipment

6.4.2.1 General
a. Machinery and its associated systems shall be specified to integrate with existing
strategies described in Error! Reference source not found. through Error!
Reference source not found., as operated at manufacturing site.
b. Strategies not in place (e.g., in greenfield developments) shall be developed
c. For Upstream equipment:
1. For new equipment assessed as high, an equipment specific condition based
maintenance strategy shall be developed.
2. For new equipment assessed as medium or low priority generic equipment
strategies shall be applied

6.4.2.2 Maintenance
A maintenance strategy shall be developed, based on criticality of the individual
machinery packages, site location, condition monitoring regime available resources and
identified reliability targets. Strategy shall define the maintenance regime (condition
based, time based or breakdown) applicable to each rotating equipment package.

6.4.2.3 Condition monitoring

a. A condition monitoring strategy shall be developed, based on the criticality of the
individual machinery packages. The strategy shall define the requirements for:
1. Type of condition monitoring system eg continuous , periodic or manual data
collection
2. System architecture.
3. Remote monitoring capability.
4. Scope of monitoring required ie mechanical, performance, electrical etc.
5. Measured parameters ie vibration, process, electrical, oil condition
6. Support organisation, including people and training and roles and
responsibilities, that are needed to execute the strategy.
b. Condition monitoring strategy shall support the defined maintenance strategy.

6.4.2.4 Spare parts inventory

a. A spare parts inventory strategy shall be defined.
b. Strategy shall define:
1. Spare parts required to support facility availability requirements.

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2. Any special storage requirements for individual spares.

3. Whether spare parts should be managed in house or outsourced.
4. Critical machinery spare rotor management system to ensure the condition of
spare rotors, including balance, probe track runout, corrosion protection and
documentation.

6.5 Factory testing

For high criticality machinery, factory testing shall be performed on the machinery and
associated systems as detailed in 6.5.1 through 6.5.7

6.5.1 Mechanical Running Test

a. Mechanical running test shall be performed
1. Viscosity and type of mineral or synthetic lube oil to be used for mechanical
running test shall be the same viscosity and type as that to be used at site.
2. If use of same viscosity and type of lube oil is not possible, supplier shall
adjust lube oil supply temperature so that viscosity during test matches
viscosity in service.
3. Prior to mechanical running test Supplier shall demonstrate that test lube oil
system cleanliness meets Supplier criteria for the equipment under test.
4. Mechanical seal should be run in its site prescribed fluid at design pressure /
temperature if a Plan 53 system.

6.5.2 Performance Test

a. A performance test shall be performed for high and medium criticality machinery,
except for reciprocating compressors.
b. The performance test shall be performed after a successful mechanical running
test.

6.5.3 Balance Test

a. A balancing test shall be performed for high criticality machinery except for
reciprocating equipment.
b. Testing following both operating (high) speed and low speed methods shall
conclude with a residual unbalance check in conformance with API RP 684.

6.5.3.2 Operating speed balancing

a. In addition to the normal velocity sensors at each bearing pedestal, two
orthogonally mounted radial non-contacting vibration probes shall be mounted in
line with the prepared probe shaft sensing area, near each journal bearing and at
mid span.
b. Probes shall all be at the same circumferential orientation.
c. Response amplitudes during the test shall be measured at the shaft and at the
pedestal as follows:
1. Shaft relative response shall be measured by two orthogonally mounted
radial non-contacting vibration probes installed in line with the prepared probe
shaft sensing area near each journal bearing and at mid span.

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2. All probes shall be at the same circumferential orientation.

3. The mode shape and response amplitudes shall be evaluated to determine
whether additional locations are required.
d. If an unbalanced rotor response verification test is required this may be included
as part of an operating speed balance procedure, subject to the following
requirements:
1. A rotordynamic analysis and a damped unbalanced response analysis for the
rotor as installed in the balance machine shall be submitted by Supplier.
2. The damped unbalanced response analysis shall predict both the shaft
relative displacements and the pedestal velocities.
e. Damped unbalanced response analysis test shall be repeated as part of the
mechanical run test if the measured rotor response when installed in the balance
machine compared to that predicted by the rotordynamic model does not conform
to the API acceptance criteria for the damped unbalanced response analysis test.
Either the original model or any revised rotordynamic model shall be subject to
approval by BP responsible engineer.

6.5.4 Overspeed test

If overspeed protection is provided, overspeed trip system testing shall be performed.

6.5.5 Functional testing

a. Functional testing of auxiliary and support systems shall be performed (e.g., oil
systems, sealing systems, and governor systems).
b. Function testing of oil systems shall be performed with the viscosity and type of
oil to be used at site.

6.5.6 Complete unit test

a. Complete unit test is an optional test, and its requirement shall be assessed on a
case by case basis.
b. For pump packages, a complete unit test may be combined with a performance
test.

6.5.7 FDFPFLFS Test

FDFPFLFS test is an optional test and its requirement shall be assessed on a case by
case basis.

6.6 Site Testing

a. High criticality machinery shall be sufficiently instrumented to allow a comparison
to be made with the performance curves obtained during factory testing after the
equipment is installed and commissioned at site.
b. Site vibration acceptance criteria shall be agreed before equipment is started.
c. Site vibration acceptance criteria shall be based on the evaluation zone limits
defined within the applicable part of the ISO 10816 standards for vibration
measurements on nonrotating parts or the ISO 7919 standards for vibration
measurements on rotating shafts.

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6.7 Operating conditions

6.7.1 Process, utilities, and transients

a. Process conditions specified on the datasheet shall cover the full range of flow,
pressure, temperature, molecular weight, viscosity, erosive and corrosive
properties, etc., expected throughout all stages of operation including start-up,
shutdown, steady state, transient, and operation with alternate process fluid
conditions.
b. New equipment in an existing facility shall be included in hazard identification
studies in conformance with GP 48-00.
c. For applications with some uncertainty regarding the gas composition, a
sensitivity analysis to changes in the gas composition and, therefore, gas
molecular weight shall be evaluated.
d. Commissioning, which may take place with alternative fluids that results in higher
pressure and/or temperatures, shall be included on the datasheet and taken into
account during design.
e. If new machinery is to be installed as part of an expansion to existing plant,
impact of operational upsets of existing machinery on new machinery (and vice
versa) shall be defined.
f. Machinery shall be suitable for operation at all specified ambient conditions and
utilities, including those at start-up and shutdown.
g. Sour conditions
1. For downstream operations, if machinery is subject to sour conditions as
defined in GP 36-26, materials shall conform to GP 36-26.
2. For Upstream operations:
a) Liquid systems: if machinery is subject to sour conditions as defined in
GP 36-25, materials shall conform to GP 36-25.
b) Gas systems: machinery shall conform to GP 36-25 only when free
water is present during normal operations and the sour gas content is
above 0.3447 kPa (0.05 psi) partial pressure.
3. The BP responsible engineer shall determine if machinery will be designed to
sour conditions specified above if the machinery may experience sour
conditions only on an intermittent basis.
h. Utilities conditions specified shall cover:
1. Full range of pressure, temperature, and calorific value for steam, water, air,
liquid fuel and gas, together with quality limits on impurities.
2. Power supplies to be used for auxiliaries and instruments.
3. Pressurisation in vents or drains.
4. Requirements for equipment to continue in operation on temporary failure of
a utility supply.
i. Strategy shall evaluate the following:
1. Need for local or remote operation or both.
2. Need for local instrumentation.

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3. Tripping policy.
4. Duty/standby running strategy for spared equipment.

6.7.2 Machine control methods

Selection of the machinery control system for centrifugal compressors, axial
compressors, oil free screw compressors and centrifugal pumps shall evaluate the
benefits of installing a variable speed drive system.

6.7.2.1 Centrifugal and axial compressors

a. Control shall be by speed regulation, suction throttling and / or recycle control.
b. Discharge throttling may be used but is a less stable control method and is highly
inefficient. Its use shall be subject to approval by BP responsible engineer.
c. Variable angle guide vanes may be used for integrally geared compressors with
single impellers or axial compressors.

6.7.2.2 Centrifugal pumps

a. Control shall be by discharge throttling, automatic minimum flow recycle and / or
speed regulation.

6.7.2.3 Reciprocating compressors that conform to GIS 34-104

a. Control should be by suction valve unloading, with minimal capacity steps (0 /
50% / 100%) and a recycle loop.
b. Clearance pockets may be used.
c. Intake throttling may be used, subject to approval by BP responsible engineer.

6.7.2.4 Reciprocating compressors that conform to GIS 34-103

a. Control should be by one or more of the following:
1. Speed regulation.
2. Suction valve unloading.
3. Clearance pockets.
b. External bypassing and intake throttling may be used, subject to approval by BP
responsible engineer.

6.7.2.5 Oil injected rotary positive displacement compressors

a. Control shall be by internal slide valve or recycle control.

6.7.2.6 Oil free rotary positive displacement compressors

a. Control shall be by recycle control, speed regulation or suction throttling.

6.7.2.7 Positive displacement pumps

Control shall be by variable stroke, speed control and / or recycle control.

6.7.3 Margins
a. Margins on head and flow will be specified by Company in process design.

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b. Additional margins may be added, in special circumstances (e.g., if significant

deterioration in machine performance is expected).
c. For pumps running in parallel, electric motor power shall be sufficient to allow one
pump to run without tripping on motor overload if the other pump shuts down.

6.7.4 Environmental conditions

a. Weather and environmental conditions specified shall cover the full range of
ambient and climatic conditions in which machinery needs to operate, including:
1. Maximum and minimum ambient temperatures.
2. Maximum and minimum seawater temperatures.
3. Wind conditions.
4. Airborne contaminants
5. Humidity.
b. Area classification for the equipment shall be identified.
c. Design of the equipment package shall address the effects of weather and
environmental conditions specified.

6.8 Installation

6.8.1 General
a. Equipment installation arrangement shall be specified. This shall include details of
whether:
1. Equipment is enclosed or unenclosed.
2. Enclosure is heated or unheated.
3. Enclosure is naturally or forced ventilated.
b. Shelters
1. GIS 34-104 compressors shall have shelters.
2. Shelters may be provided for large machines that have to be maintained in-
situ.

6.8.2 Installation procedures and installation design

6.8.2.1 General
a. Machinery at site shall be designed and installed in conformance with GIS 34-801.
b. Piping design and installation shall conform to API RP 686.
c. Piping design shall be assessed with stress analysis to confirm nozzle loads
conform with requirements of API RP 686
d. For centrifugal pumps, nozzle loads shall conform to GIS 34-201.
e. Piping design shall be assessed for constructability and maintainability.
f. Pipework cleanliness shall conform to GIS 34-801 and any additional requirements
of the machinery supplier.

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6.8.2.2 Inlet strainers

a. Requirement and installation of temporary and permanent inlet strainers shall
conform to GIS 34-801. A differential pressure transmitter shall be installed or a
high differential pressure alarm configured across each permanent strainer.
b. For temporary strainers interval for removal and inspection shall be defined.
c. All potential contaminants that the strainer is likely to be exposed to in service
shall be identified to the machine supplier and the strainer supplier.
d. Machine supplier shall be consulted to ensure that the strainer design rating,
construction, and mesh area conform to machine supplier requirements.

6.8.3 Packaging for offshore use

a. Casing and support structure deformation.
1. At the layout stage, an investigation shall be performed of casing and support
structure deformation that will result from predicted pipe loads on three point
mounted machines.
2. For initial design purposes, forces and moments up to 1,5 times those given
in the API standards, combined in such a way as to cause maximum
distortion, shall be used for this investigation.
3. Conformance to Supplier casing and coupling alignment limits shall be
demonstrated.
b. Final design of pipe and machinery support system shall include effects of:
1. Inaccuracies in construction of piping system.
2. Distortion of module structure caused by placement offshore and by platform
live loads.
c. Position of three point supports shall be determined jointly by Supplier sufficiently
early to ensure optimum use of equipment support steelwork within module
structure.

6.9 Machinery protection systems

6.9.1 General
a. Each machine package shall be assessed and be provided with protection that
conforms to:
1. Requirements from any HAZOP or integrity level review.
2. The relevant Company GIS document and associated industry standard.
3. Requirements associated with the equipment criticality rating.
b. For machinery fitted with eddy current displacement probes for vibration
measurement, protection systems shall conform to GIS 34-705.
1. A phase reference probe shall be installed on the equipment driver.
2. If a gearbox is fitted, a second phase reference probe shall be installed on the
output shaft of the gearbox.

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6.9.2 Trip logic

6.9.2.1 Axial position

a. High criticality rotors shall:
1. Have axial position monitoring.
2. Trip using 2oo3 logic.
3. If space is limited, trip logic may be 2oo2.

6.9.2.2 Radial vibration

a. High criticality rotors shall:
1. Have vibration monitoring at journal bearings.
2. Within E&P, have a trip configured as follows:
a) Trip using 1oo2 voting logic (i.e. either the X or Y probe on one bearing
reaching trip level will generate a trip output).
b) A probe circuit fault shall be configured as a vote to trip.
3. Within R&M, if a trip is specified it shall be configured as follows:
a) Trip using 2oo2 logic (e.g., both the X and Y probe on one bearing being
at trip level will generate a trip output).
b) A probe circuit fault shall be configured as a vote to trip.

6.9.2.3 Bearing metal temperature

a. If configured with a GIS 34-705 machinery protection system, machinery with
hydrodynamic bearings shall have bearing metal temperature device(s).
b. A bearing metal trip, if required, shall be configured to trip on 2oo2 logic.

6.9.3 Overspeed

6.9.3.1 General
a. Electronic overspeed detection shall conform to GIS 34-705.
b. Response time of overspeed protection system shall prevent rotor from
exceeding the maximum allowable limit calculated by the supplier.
c. Assessment of equipment train shall be conducted to define required SIL rating of
overspeed protection system.

6.9.4 Surge control for dynamic compressors

a. Dynamic compressors shall have a surge control system.
b. The surge control system shall include the following:
1. Compressor operating map and surge line model.
2. System control algorithm.
3. Surge event counter.
4. Recycle valve and actuation system.
5. Compressor system instrumentation.

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6. Piping system.
c. Process gas compressor surge control system shall be of the modulating type,
designed to ensure that, if recycle valves are in operation, the compressor
operates on the surge control line.
d. Air compressor surge control systems may use blow off valves to vent air to
atmosphere.
e. Recycle system shall be designed for not less than compressor design flow with
sufficient cooling to return gas to rated suction temperature.
f. No valves shall be installed within the recycle circuit where failure of the valve in
the closed position would compromise the operation of the surge control system.
g. Process safety requirements for emergency isolation valves may overrule valve
location requirements.
h. All recycle take-offs shall be upstream of the discharge check valve.
i. System design shall minimise the volume of gas between the compressor
discharge, the discharge check valve and the inlet to the anti-surge valve to limit
the severity of any surge event.
j. Surge control system shall prevent surge occurring during any anticipated
operating condition including start up, shutdown or trip. Design may include hot or
cold gas bypass valves in addition to the recycle valve to conform to this
requirement.
k. A dynamic simulation shall be performed to prove the response and stability of
the process and surge control systems. Simulation shall include steady state and
transient operating conditions including start up, trip and shutdown.
l. The surge control system shall be capable of working alongside the performance
controller and, for multiple units, any load sharing or master controller.
m. Provision shall be made to field check and calibrate surge control system during
commissioning of equipment.

6.10 Equipment monitoring

6.10.1 General

6.10.2 Condition monitoring system

a. A condition monitoring system shall be provided to support a maintenance
strategy.
b. System shall be capable of interfacing with other plant systems as required (e.g.,
DCS or ICSS).
c. For high criticality equipment:
1. The system shall collect condition monitoring data automatically and
continuously.
2. System shall collect data during steady state and transient operation.
3. The system shall monitor and trend the mechanical condition of the
equipment including:
a) Vibration.

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b) Hydrodynamic bearing temperatures.

c) Shaft speeds.
d) For 34-104 design reciprocating compressors, temperature of all cylinder
valves.
4. The system may include diagnostic capabilities.
5. Sufficient instrumentation shall be provided to allow performance analysis of
driving and driven equipment.
6. Instrumentation provided shall include:
a) Pressure and temperatures at inlet, outlet, and any sidestreams.
b) Flow rate for each stage.
c) Power transmitted between driver and first driven casing.
d) Process gas sampling points.
7. The system shall monitor, analyse and trend the performance of the
equipment including:
a) Efficiency.
b) Degradation.
c) Operating point.
d. For low criticality equipment:
1. Periodic or manual data collection may be used.
2. The system shall monitor, analyse and trend the mechanical condition of the
equipment including:
a) Vibration.
b) Hydrodynamic bearing temperatures.
c) Shaft speeds.

6.10.3 Lubricant monitoring

a. A system shall be in place at downstream manufacturing sites to monitor
condition of lubricants and analyse contaminants.
b. Location and arrangement of sample points shall conform to GIS 34 -701.

6.11 Equipment layout

a. Rotating equipment layout shall conform to GP 44-10.
b. Location of equipment shall be subject to review and approval by Company
responsible engineer taking into consideration hot gas recirculation and
particulates from nearby equipment.
c. Air intakes shall be located in non-hazardous areas.
d. Gas turbine layout shall minimise risk of ingestion into inlet of:
1. Flammable gas, from leaks or intermittent vents, either on gas turbine itself
or from adjacent plant.
2. Dust or emissions from process operations or from surrounding areas.

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3. Corrosive gases from process vents and flues.

4. Hot exhaust gases from turbine itself or other adjacent machinery or plant.
5. Oil mist from oil system vents.
6. Snow or ice.
e. Lifting facilities shall be provided to enable the equipment to be either:
1. Removed for maintenance.
2. Maintained in situ in conformance with the plant maintenance strategy.
f. Reciprocating compressors that conform to GIS 34-104 shall be provided with a
permanent overhead crane.

6.12 Machinery repairs

a. Repairs shall be subject to agreement and approval by BP responsible engineer
prior to being performed.
b. Both the repair scope and procedures, including the inspection and testing quality
programme, shall be subject to approval by BP responsible engineer.
c. Rotor repairs shall conform to API RP 687.
d. Dry gas seals shall undergo dynamic testing after factory refurbishment by the
Supplier to prove leakage rates.

7 Equipment and component type specific requirements

7.1 General
a. Tapered dowels fitted into blind holes shall have a means for relieving gas
pressure from the hole as the dowel is inserted.
b. Maintenance procedures for removing tapered dowels shall clearly identify and
account for the potential for trapped gas behind the dowel to turn the dowel into a
projectile.

7.2 Seals

7.2.1 Seals for pumps

Pump shaft sealing system shall be selected in conformance with GIS 34-704.

7.2.2 Seals for compressors

7.2.2.1 Rotary type

a. Shaft end seal shall conform to GIS 34 -701.
b. Dry gas seal support system shall conform to GIS 34-701.

7.2.2.2 Reciprocating type

a. Pressure packing arrangement shall be compatible with process gas duty.
b. Pressure packing shall conform to GIS 34-104.

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7.3 Pumps

7.3.1 General

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Figure 1 - Guide to head, flow, and speed for centrifugal pumps

a. Variable speed motors or variable speed fluid couplings may be used for motor
driven pumps with duty requirements that demand variable output.
b. For two or more pumps operating in parallel, NPSH and power shall be sufficient
to allow each pump to operate at the end of its curve.
c. For pumps handling a corrosive fluid, arrangements shall be made to collect and
pipe away any potential leakage such that fluid contact with baseplate is avoided.
d. If pumps handling a corrosive fluid are mounted on a concrete foundation, this
foundation shall be corrosion resistant, and the baseplate supported clear of the
foundation on corrosion resistant spacers.
e. Potential contaminants, including any dosing chemicals that could be present in
the pumped fluid, shall be clearly identified on the datasheet.

7.3.2 Centrifugal pumps

7.3.2.1 General
a. Pumps shall be selected such that operating points fall within operating region of
70% to 120% of best efficiency flow rate.
b. Pumps shall be selected such that rated condition falls within the region of 80%
to 110% of pump best efficiency flow rate.
c. Centrifugal pumps shall conform to GIS 34-201.

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d. If a pump duty falls within the parameters in Table 1, centrifugal pumps that
conform to GIS 34-204 (ISO 5199 centrifugal pumps), GIS 34-202 (ASME B73.1
horizontal pumps), or GIS 34-203 (ASME B73.2 vertical pumps) may be evaluated.

Table 1 - Parameters for centrifugal pump Group Instruction for Supply (GIS) selection

Characteristic Parameters
1. Maximum discharge pressure 1 900 kPa (275 psig)
2. Maximum suction pressure 500 kPa (75 psig)
3. Maximum pumping temperature 150ºC (300ºF)
4. Maximum rotating speed 3 600 rpm
5. Maximum rated total head 120 m (400 ft)
6. Maximum impeller diameter, overhung pumps 330 mm (13 in)
7. Pumped fluid does not contain process
hydrocarbons or H2S.

e. Although preference is for a horizontal pump, if the requirements of 7.3.2.1.a and

b can be conformed to, a vertical pump in conformance with GIS 34-203 may be
selected in preference to a horizontal pump in conformance with GIS 34-202, to
reduce footprint and simplify pipework and installation.
f. For sewage applications a Supplier standard pump, not in conformance with
7.3.2.1.a - e may be used.
g. Seal-less pumps shall conform to GIS 34-205 (ISO 15783) or GIS 34-206.
h. Pumps that may operate continuously below 70% of the best efficiency flow rate
shall have a recycle system.
i. If operation is possible with suction, discharge, or both valves closed, protection
against zero flow shall be provided, except if it can be shown that no damage to
pump or piping system would result.
j. Submersible vertical turbine pumps with hermetically sealed motors may be
selected as an alternative to conventional line shaft pumps provided that the
selected pump has a good hydraulic fit and the motor is engineered for the
application.
k. Submersible vertical turbine pumps with hermetically sealed motors shall
incorporate the following features:
1. Use a canned type motor totally encapsulated winding.
2. Have all motor windings VPI treated.
3. Use bearing materials selected for the application.
4. Use case and connection metallurgy of corrosion resistant alloy selected for
the application.

7.3.2.2 Safety valves

a. If maximum pressure that can be generated exceeds rating of downstream
equipment that is not otherwise protected, safety valves shall be fitted
downstream of centrifugal pumps.
b. For determining maximum pressure that can be generated, effects of the
following shall be evaluated:
1. High suction pressures.

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2. High specific gravity.

3. Maximum speed in relation to available power.
4. Low flows.
c. Need for safety valves on suction side of multistage pumps shall be evaluated.

7.3.2.3 Sump duties

a. Horizontal self-priming type pumps are preferred over vertical type pumps.
b. If suction lift, vapour pressure evaluations or duty requirements preclude the use
of horizontal self-priming pumps a vertical pump type may be used.
c. Selection of vertical pump type shall be based on the following:
1. Vertical wet sump pumps with external discharge pipe shall be used only if
lubrication for intermediate column bearings can be provided by pumped
fluid.
2. Vertical cantilever shaft pumps shall be used for:
a) Abrasive or corrosive applications.
b) Applications in which lubrication for intermediate column bearings
cannot be provided by pumped fluid.
d. Pump area classification shall be based on the worst case scenario fluids entering
the sump, i.e. pumps shall not be based on water service if there is a potential for
hydrocarbon liquids of vapours to be present.
e. Pumps which do not have maintenance access shall have a condition monitoring
system to show pump condition.

7.3.2.4 Net positive suction head (NPSH)

a. NPSHR shall be based on 3% head loss criteria. NPSHA shall be the minimum
value at any continuous operating case.
b. NPSH3 requirements shall conform to GIS 34-201.
c. NPSHA shall be the minimum value at any continuous operating case.
d. For duties known to be susceptible to material loss by cavitation (e.g., condensate
extraction pumps and cooling water circulating pumps), impellers shall be made
from cavitation resistant material.

7.3.2.5 Firewater pumps

a. Offshore firewater pumps shall conform to GIS 34-207.
b. Onshore firewater pumps shall conform to GIS 34-208.
c. Firewater pumps for FPSOs shall conform to GIS 34-209.

7.3.2.6 Hydraulic turbines

a. Hydraulic turbines shall conform to GIS 34-201.
b. Hydraulic turbines that are installed with an auxiliary driver fully rated for the
driven equipment shall have a clutch mechanism to allow disengagement of
hydraulic turbine from the driven equipment.

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c. Hydraulic turbines shall have an overspeed protection system that conforms to

GIS 34-705, if any of the following statements are true:
1. Runaway speed cannot be tolerated by the hydraulic turbine or other
equipment in the train.
2. The runaway speed is the maximum speed reached by the turbine if
unloaded and subjected to the maximum available differential head. Inlet
liquid is rich in absorbed gas that partially flashes as it flows through the
hydraulic turbine.
3. Hydraulic turbine is driving equipment that can be unloaded in service.

7.3.2.7 Regenerative turbine pumps

If a regenerative turbine pump is selected the impact on the pumping system of this
type of pump’s particular performance characteristics shall be evaluated including:
1. Maximum power at zero flow condition.
2. Increased head at low flow compared to conventional centrifugal pump.
3. Required discharge overpressure protection setting.

7.3.2.8 LPG pumps

a. Pumps used in LPG service shall have piping provisions to eliminate gas locking of
pump through a bypass back to the tank vapour space.
b. NPSHr for LPG pumps shall be designed to take into evaluation the loss of head
due to ambient temperature heating effects on the suction system which can lead
to pump cavitation.

7.3.3 Positive displacement pumps

7.3.3.1 Reciprocating pumps

a. Reciprocating pumps (excluding metering pumps) shall conform to GIS 34-211.
b. Metering (or controlled volume) pumps shall conform to GIS 34-212.
c. Except for air, water or inert gas, socket welded connections shall not be
specified or used on new or auxiliary pipework.

7.3.3.2 Rotary positive displacement pumps

Rotary positive displacement pumps shall conform to GIS 34-213.

7.3.3.3 Pressure relief

a. Full flow pressure relief device external to the pump shall be provided at pump
discharge upstream of any isolating valve.

7.3.3.4 Net positive inlet pressure (NPIP)

a. NPIP shall be provided by the supplier for each set of operating conditions.
b. NPIP available shall always exceed NPIP required.

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7.4 Compressors

7.4.1 General
a. The following shall be evaluated when selecting a compressor:
1. The range of flow and pressure ratio of a particular compressor type. Figure 2
may be used as a general guide for compressor selection on this basis.
2. Compressor type efficiency.
3. Maintenance requirements.
4. The quality of the gas to be compressed (e.g. the potential for solid and/or
liquid carryover into the compressor).
5. Reliability of the compressor type in the specific service.
6. Particular control requirements for the application, such as:
a) The necessity for flexible operation.
b) Large turndown requirements.
b. Condensate knockout
1. Condensate knockout equipment shall be provided in compressor suction line
and between stages for multistage machines.
2. Condensate knockout equipment shall include but not be limited to the
following:
a) Drum.
b) Demister pads.
c) Level glass.
d) Means of drainage.
e) High liquid level trip.
3. Suction line between drum and compressor shall be self-draining back to the
suction drum.
c. Air compressor inlet filtration:
1. Instrument and utility air compressor intakes shall have filters that conform to
GIS 34-107.
2. Air intakes shall be located to minimise risk of ingestion of contaminants,
particularly flammable gases.
3. Centrifugal or axial beam type compressors in conformance with
GIS 34-101providing process air may be provided with a bird screen only.
4. For air compressors in climates where inlet icing can occur, an anti-icing
facility shall be provided as part of the compressor intake system.

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Figure 2 - Compressor application flow versus pressure ratio

7.4.2 Reciprocating compressors

a. Reciprocating compressors shall conform to GIS 34-104.
b. Reciprocating compressors in conformance to GIS 34-103 may be used in
Upstream applications.

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c. If cylinders on a single frame are used for different duties, each duty shall have
independent control.
d. Lubricated cylinder and pressure packings shall be used on all machines, except if
safety or process evaluations specify otherwise (e.g., explosion risk, catalyst
damage, or product contamination).
e. Each stage shall have full flow pressure relief.
f. Except for air, water or inert gas, all welded connections shall be butt welds;
socket welds or screwed connections are not permitted.

7.4.3 Rotordynamic compressors

7.4.3.1 Centrifugal compressors

a. Centrifugal compressors shall conform to GIS 34-101, except for duties with
delivery pressure less than 0,35 barg (5,0 psig).
b. Packaged, integrally geared compressors on instrument air and maintenance air
services shall conform to GIS 34-102.
c. Integrally geared compressors on process air or gas services shall conform to
GIS 34-101.

7.4.3.2 Axial compressors

Axial compressors for process duties shall conform to GIS 34-101.

7.4.3.3 Safety valves

a. Safety valves shall be fitted downstream of rotordynamic compressors if the
maximum pressure that can be generated exceeds either:
1. The rating of the compressor itself.
2. Downstream equipment that is not otherwise protected.
b. For determining maximum pressure that can be generated, effects of the
following shall be evaluated:
1. High suction pressures.
2. High molecular weights.
3. Maximum speeds with available power.
4. Low temperatures.
5. Low flows.

7.4.3.4 Potential for reverse rotation

a. The volume of discharge pressure gas trapped on machine shutdown should be
minimised by locating the discharge non-return valve and recycle control valve as
close to the compressor as possible.
b. Overpressure protection on the suction side of the compressor shall be sized to
allow for combined reverse flow through compressor and recycle valve in event of
failure of the discharge non-return valve in a wide open position.

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7.4.3.5 Settle out pressure

a. Settle out pressures following a trip of machine shall be calculated, assuming that
non-return valves in process piping function properly.
b. The compressor and its sealing system shall be designed to remain at the settle
out pressure after a process trip.
c. Compressor shall be capable of restart from settle out pressure.

7.4.4 Rotary type positive displacement compressors

a. Rotary type positive displacement compressors shall conform to GIS 34-106.
b. Each stage shall have full flow pressure relief.

7.4.5 Liquid ring vacuum pumps and compressors

7.4.5.1 General
Liquid ring vacuum pumps and compressors shall conform to GIS 34-105.

7.4.5.2 Compressors
For process gas duties, solubility of gas in ring liquid and vapour pressure of ring
liquid/process gas mixture shall be accurately determined and specified for operating
pressures and temperatures.

7.4.6 Compressors for instrument air

a. Plant and Instrument air compressor packages shall conform to GIS 34-107.
b. Machines operating in parallel shall have individual flow measurements.

7.5 Fans
a. Centrifugal fans shall conform to API Standard 673.
b. Fans on air cooled heat exchanger duty shall conform to GIS 26-103.
c. All heat exchangers for 34-103 reciprocating compressor packages (ISO 13631)
are exempt from 7.5.a and 7.5.b requirements.
d. Fans on critical service machinery shall be evaluated against the need for a
vibration protection system.
e. Fans and heat exchangers used for engine and gas turbine lube oil coolers shall be
designed for the ambient temperature that occurs 99% of the time.

7.6 Expander-compressors
Expander-compressors (i.e., machines with expander wheel and compressor impeller
mounted on a common shaft) shall conform to GIS 34-101.

7.7 Electrical power generators

a. Generators with ratings in excess of 300 kW (400 hp) shall conform to either GIS
12-801 or GIS 12-802.
b. Basic design and installation of electrical power generators shall conform to
GP 12-80.
c. Emergency power generators shall conform to either GIS 12-851 or GIS 12-852.

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7.8 Drivers

7.8.1 General
a. Direct drive should normally be used for general purpose pumps and reciprocating
compressors.
b. Maximum power requirement for the driven machine shall be used as the basis
for determining the power rating of its driver.
c. All expected operating conditions shall be evaluated to determine maximum
power requirement for the driven machine and included on the driven machine
datasheet.
d. Maximum power for driven train shall be determined at driver coupling and
include transmission losses and any applicable tolerance on power.
e. For power generation duty, electrical power required shall include an allowance
for the margin required for electric motor driver rating, as defined in 7.8.2a., to
ensure operation with the driven machine in a worn state.

7.8.2 Driver power ratings

a. Electric Motors
Electric motors shall have minimum power ratings in accordance with Table 2.

Table 2 - Electric motor ratings

Minimum motor power rating (percent

Maximum power required for driven train of max power required for driven train)
20 kW (27 hp) and less 125
Above 20 kW (27 hp) and below 75 kW (100 hp) 115
75 kW (100 hp) and above 110

b. Gas turbines
1. Site rated power shall be used to define the power rating of a gas turbine
driver.
2. Minimum site barometric pressure will be defined by Company.
3. Inlet and exhaust losses shall be defined by Supplier.
4. Site rated conditions at the gas turbine inlet used to determine the site rated
power shall be as follows:
a) Maximum inlet air temperature that is exceeded for only 5% of the time
on an annual basis.
b) Minimum inlet air pressure at the gas generator inlet based on the
minimum barometric air pressure at the site, minus the inlet pressure
drop through the inlet filter and ducting in the clean condition.
5. For mechanical drive applications site rated power of gas turbine drivers shall
conform to GIS 34-303.
6. For generator drive applications, site rated power of gas turbine drivers shall
conform to GIS 34-303.
c. Steam turbine drivers

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1. Rated power shall be 110% of maximum power requirement of driven

equipment at specified speed.
2. Rated power shall be on the basis of normal steam conditions.
3. Turbine shall be capable of developing its rated power at specified speed on
the basis of coincident minimum inlet and maximum exhaust steam
conditions.
d. Other drivers
Other drivers shall have ratings of at least 110% of normal maximum power demand
of driven machine, plus half of any positive tolerance allowed by standards on
guaranteed power of the driven machine.

7.8.3 Electric motors

a. Electric motor basic design and installation shall conform to GP 12-20.
b. Electric motors shall be of high efficiency design.
c. Induction motors shall conform to either:
1. GIS 12-201.
2. GIS12-202.
3. GIS12-203.
4. GIS12-204.
d. Synchronous motors shall conform to GIS 12-205 or GIS 12-206.
e. Selection of two pole motors with ratings in excess of 5 MW (6 700 hp) at 50 Hz
or 3,5 MW (4 700 hp) at 60 Hz shall be based on satisfactory rotordynamic design
and proven field experience.
f. If a speed increasing gearbox is required, a four pole motor shall be used rather
than a two pole motor provided that:
1. The gearbox ratio is suited to single stage parallel shaft gearing.
2. For Upstream applications cost, space, and weight penalties are not
significant.
g. Capability of the power system to start an electric motor driven machinery train
shall be reviewed and confirmed.
h. For electric motor driven compressors, the review in 7.8.3.g shall be used to
calculate and specify the maximum system pressure at which the machine train
can be started.
i. Slow speed reciprocating compressor motors of greater than 150kW (200hp) may
be designed with the following features:
1. An outboard pedestal bearing.
2. Supported on the compressor side by the compressor journal bearings.
j. One or more of the following starting options may be used to achieve “soft
starting” if start starting is a requirement:
1. Low current start motor designs.
2. Autotransformers.

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3. Variable speed fluid couplings.

4. Variable frequency drives.

7.8.4 Steam turbines

7.8.4.1 Special purpose or general purpose

a. General purpose turbines shall conform to GIS 34-301.
b. Special purpose turbines shall conform to GIS 34-302.
c. For process duties, turbines that conform to GIS 34-302 shall have steam
separator on steam supply to turbine. Separator shall be located as close as
possible to turbine trip valve.

7.8.4.2 Relief valves

a. Turbine casing or condensers that are not designed to withstand full mains steam
pressure shall be protected by relief valves capable of passing maximum steam
flow through the relevant sections.
b. Sentinel warning valves shall not be used.

7.8.4.3 Steam system

a. For turbine and steam systems, interaction of steam turbine and its associated
steam systems shall be evaluated for effectiveness of control schemes.
b. Steam pipe cleanliness
1. Steam pipes supplying turbine shall be cleaned to standard required by
supplier.
2. Steam blowing procedures shall conform to GIS 34-801.
c. If steam purity cannot be guaranteed, provision of online steam turbine washing
facilities within piping design shall be evaluated.

7.8.5 Combustion gas turbines

7.8.5.1 General
a. Combustion gas turbines shall conform to GIS 34-303.
b. Multishaft machines may be used for power generation duties, if it can be shown
that speed of response to load shedding and load acceptance is fast enough to
achieve the needs of the particular application.

7.8.5.2 Location
a. Gas turbines shall not be installed in hazardous areas classified as Zone 0 or
Zone 1 (Division 1).
b. For gas turbines installed in Zone 2 (Division 2):
1. Gas turbines shall be enclosed.
2. Ventilation air shall be taken from a safe area.
3. Combustion air inlets and ventilation air inlets shall have gas detectors.

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7.8.5.3 Air intakes

a. Air intakes shall be located in non-hazardous areas.
b. Plant layout shall minimise risk of ingestion into inlet of:
1. Flammable gas that might result from leaks or intermittent vents from the
gas turbine or adjacent plant.
2. Dust from process operations or surrounding areas.
3. Corrosive gases from process vents and flues.
4. Exhaust gases from gas turbine or adjacent plant.
5. Oil mist from oil system vents.
6. Snow and ice.
c. Gas turbine intakes located in marine environments or within 40 kilometres from
the coast shall have a 4 stage marine grade filtration to remove water particulates
and salt.
d. When selecting materials of construction of gas turbine intake systems, process
emissions from normal operations that contaminate combustion intake air shall be
a part of the evaluation.

7.8.5.4 Emissions
a. Levels of CO, SO2, and NOX exhaust emissions shall comply with any prevailing
authority requirements.
b. If operating conditions include prolonged part load operation or changes in fuel
composition:
1. Projects shall assess the technical feasibility of using DLE turbines.
2. Reduced availability, higher emissions at low load, and higher OPEX of these
units shall be evaluated in the assessment.
3. For power generation applications, step load acceptance and rejection
capability of the DLE unit shall be ascertained at selection stage.
4. Factory acceptance tests shall be specified to avoid testing limitations at site.
5. Applications using gas turbines with DLE combustors should follow the
guidance provided in GN 34-004.

7.8.6 Diesel engines

7.8.6.1 General
a. Diesel engines shall conform to GIS 34-305.
b. Exhausts of diesel engines should be arranged to discharge vertically upwards.
c. If vertical discharge of exhaust is impractical, downward discharging exhausts
may be used, provided that gases can be dispersed without contaminating work
areas or ventilation intakes.
d. Diesel engine exhausts shall be located to not interfere with the air intakes of
other machinery.

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7.8.7 Gas engines

Gas engines shall conform to GIS 34-306.

7.9 Transmissions

7.9.1 Gear drives

7.9.1.1 General
a. Gear units shall be parallel shaft type.
b. Epicyclic units may be used if they form an integral or standard feature of a
machine (e.g., certain designs of gas turbine).

7.9.1.2 Applicable design standard

a. Single and double helical, one and two stage speed increasers and reducers of
parallel shaft design that operate under any or all of the following conditions shall
conform to GIS 34-501:
1. Pinion speeds of 3 000 rpm and higher.
2. Pitch line velocities of 20 m/s (66 ft/s) and higher.
3. Journal velocities of 7,5 m/s (25 ft/s) and higher.
4. Forming part of unspared high criticality machinery train.
b. Gearing that does not fall into categories in7.9.1.2.a. shall conform to GIS 34-502.

7.9.1.3 Rating
a. Gear service factors shall be not less than those required by GIS 34-501 or
GIS 34-502, as applicable.
b. Gear units shall be designed to safely withstand any transient torsional loads
imposed during:
1. Start-up.
2. Reacceleration after a power interruption.
3. Short circuits.
4. Malsynchronisation of driven equipment.
c. Any transient or abnormal loads which will exceed the rated torques by a ratio
greater than the service factor shall be identified.

7.9.2 Belt drives

a. Belt drives shall be limited to 110 kW (150 hp. Decanter centrifuges in PX units
are exempt from this requirement.
b. Belt drives shall be toothed belts, integral multi V belts, or multiple V belts
supplied in matched sets.
c. Multiple integral multi V belts should not be used (eg 2 sets of 4).
d. At least two V belts shall be provided. For this minimum configuration, capacity of
each belt should at least 150% of transmitted power.
e. Belt material shall be oil resistant, fire retardant, and antistatic.

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f. Belts should be adjustable without the need to remove the guard.

7.9.3 Shaft couplings

7.9.3.1 General
a. Flexible element couplings shall be used.
b. Couplings shall conform to GIS 34-504 and applicable clauses of GIS 34-201.
c. Applications exceeding 3600 rpm or greater than 1 864 kW (2 500 hp) or identified
as high energy shall conform to GIS 34-503.
d. Couplings of all types shall have the capability to remove the half couplings or
coupling hubs and seal shaft sleeves in situ without moving driving or driven
equipment, including gearboxes. The distance between driving and driven
equipment shaft ends shall be sufficient to allow this.
e. Cardan shaft drives shall not be used.

7.9.3.2 Flexible element couplings

a. Coupling shall be designed such that the spacer piece is positively constrained
from flying out on failure of flexible elements.
b. In Zone 1 (Division 1) areas coupling components liable to rub as a result of failure
of flexible elements shall be manufactured from non-sparking materials.
c. If the driver is an electric motor not fitted with rotor locating bearings, a limited
end float coupling shall be provided to restrain motor rotor within its allowable
axial movement limits.

7.9.3.3 Torque measurement couplings

a. High criticality equipment not driven by an electric motor shall have a torque
measuring coupling between the driver and first driven casing.
b. Torque measuring coupling shall be of such design that twist of coupling spacer is
electronically measured by non-contacting means.

8 Auxiliary systems and components

a. Lubrication, shaft sealing, control oil systems and auxiliaries shall conform to GIS
34-701.
b. Oil systems of high criticality equipment shall conform to the general
requirements and special purpose oil system requirements in GIS 34-701.
c. Oil systems serving machinery of criticality other than high criticality shall conform
as a minimum, to the general requirements and general purpose oil system
requirements in GIS 34-701.
d. A single common oil system to supply multiple same service equipment items
may be used provided that the following are evaluated:
1. The specific application.
2. Effects on overall system availability.
3. Effects on facility layout.
4. Effects on installation and commissioning activities.

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5. Effects on maintenance activities.

e. Systems serving dry gas seals shall conform to the self-acting gas seal support
system requirements in GIS 34-701.

8.2 Oil mist systems

a. Oil mist systems shall conform to GIS 34-702.
b. Oil mist systems may be used as a means of lubricating equipment with
antifriction bearings and/or gearbox, bearing housing or other machinery purging.
c. Use of oil mist lubrication systems may be specified if one or more of the
following conditions exist:
1. Machinery is exposed to hostile environments, including H2S, chlorine, rapidly
changing temperatures, high humidity, and airborne dust and dirt.
2. Machinery experiences a higher than expected bearing failure rate, and all
potential causes, except lubrication, have been eliminated.
3. Conditions are such that periodic inspection and lubrication are overlooked.

8.3 Steam condensers

a. Condensers for condensing steam turbines shall conform to GIS 26-106.
b. Steam condensers shall be designed for optimum vacuum and cooling water
quantity.
c. Optimum vacuum and cooling water quantity shall be determined by a study of
cost of steam and cooling water and initial cost of turbine and condenser.
d. For purposes of the study, turbine shall be evaluated at specified normal power
output with:
1. Cooling water at annual mean temperature.
2. Tubes in fouled condition.

8.4 Vacuum systems

8.4.1 General
a. Selection of vacuum system shall be based on LCC analysis.
b. Vacuum pulling devices serving high criticality equipment shall be spared.

8.4.2 Vacuum pumps

Liquid ring vacuum pumps shall conform to GIS 34-105.

8.5 Lubricating oil selection

a. Lube oil selection shall conform to requirements of all components to be supplied
within the machinery package, especially if an EP oil grade is to be selected.
b. Initial selection and any subsequent modifications to the lube oil shall be subject
to approval by Company responsible engineer.

9 Noise

Machinery shall conform to GIS 15-011.

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10 Supplier documentation

a. Specific documentation requirements and contents of the final supplier manual for
rotating equipment shall be defined in the procurement contract.
b. The following items shall be included:
1. Specification of all required lubricants with recommended lubrication
intervals.
2. Complete and detailed installation and commissioning instructions.
3. Complete and detailed operating instructions.
4. Complete and detailed maintenance instructions.
5. A troubleshooting symptom and cause tabulation.
6. Exploded view assembly drawings and / or cross-sectional drawings with
complete parts identification and listings.
7. A copy of the certified as built outline drawing, including:
a) Net and maximum operating weights.
b) Maintenance weights with item identification.
c) Maintenance dimensions.
8. A copy of the certified, as built P&ID drawings, including:
a) Detailed bills of materials for all tagged and untagged equipment.
b) Equipment descriptions.
c) Model numbers.
d) Operating conditions and /or set points.
9. Certified supplier design datasheets for all major equipment.
10. Certified performance curves for all major equipment (e.g., for a compressor
this would be for the compressor plus any associated drivers and lube oil
pumps).
11. Recommended spare parts list that covers commissioning, operating, and
insurance spare parts.
12. Special tools list and drawings.
13. Outline of all special weather and winterising protection required for start-up,
operation, and periods of idleness.
14. Start-up, shutdown, and/or operating restrictions required to protect the
integrity of the unit.
15. Tabulation of all unit fastener torque requirements.
16. Listing of make and model number of all third party components used in the
package to allow operations and maintenance (O&M) staff to identify
replacements.
17. Mechanical and performance test data.
c. Final documentation shall be submitted in both paper and electronic formats.
d. Electronic copies shall be in their native formats.

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e. Company approval:
1. An extra copy of Supplier final manual, over and above the number required
by the contractor, shall be ordered and submitted to the Company
responsible engineer to review immediately on receipt by the contractor.
Company responsible engineer will verify that contents of manual conform to
requirements of 10 and any additional contract requirements.
2. Both a hard copy and an electronic copy shall be provided.
3. Manual shall be subject to approval by Company responsible engineer.
f. Quality of documentation shall be original copy quality and fully legible.

11 Procurement

Company procurement has numerous agreements for supply of machinery hardware

and services and should be consulted and used, if possible, to maximise benefit to
Company.

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Annex A
(Normative)
Criticality Levels of Rotating Equipment

Rotating Equipment Type Criticality Rating

API 617 Packages / Pow er Recovery Turbines High
API 619 Compressors Over .75 MW (1000 hp) High
API 619 Compressors Below 0.75 MW (1000 hp) Medium
API 619 Compressors in Air Service Below 0.38 MW (500 hp) Low
API 672 Air Compressors Medium
API 618 Reciprocating Compressors High
ISO 13631 Reciprocating Compressors Over 0.75 MW (1000 hp) High
ISO 13631 Reciprocating Compressors Below 0.75 MW (1000 hp) Medium
API 612 Special Purpose Steam Turbines High
API 611 General Purpose Steam Turbines Medium
API 610 Pumps
a. Over 1.865 MW (2500 hp) High
b. BB5 Classification High
c. Operating Above Auto Ignition Temperature High
d. Hydrofluoric Acid Service High
e. LNG Service High
f. Flammable Fluid located Offshore High
g. Betw een 0.56 MW (750 hp) and 1.865 MW (2500 hp) Medium
h. Flammable / Toxic / Hazardous Service Medium
i. All Others Low
API 685 / ISO 15783 Pumps Medium
ASME / ISO Pumps in Flammable / Toxic Service Medium
ASME / ISO Pumps Other Service Low
API 674 Reciprocating Pumps Over 0.75 MW (1000 hp) Medium
API 674 / 675 / 676 Positive Displacement Pumps Low
Firew ater Pump Packages for FPSO / Offshore High
Firew ater Pump Packages Onshore Medium
API 681 Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors Medium
API 616 Gas Turbines High
Gas and Diesel Engines Over 0.2 MW (250 hp) Medium
Gas and Diesel Engines Below 0.2 MW (250 hp) Low
All Subsea Rotating Equipment Packages High
API 613 Special Purpose Gear Units High
API 677 General Purpose Gear Units Medium
All Fluid Couplings High
API 614 Oil Systems Medium
API 673 Centrifugal Fans Medium

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Supporting references

[1] EP-GP 34-00-1, E&P Project Requirements for Rotating Equipment.

[2] GIS 34-202, Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps (ASME B73.1).

[3] GN 34-002, Critical Rotating Equipment Condition Monitoring.

[4] GN 34-003, Field Testing of Gas Turbines and Centrifugal Compressors.

[5] GN 34-706, Reciprocating Compressor Monitoring.

[6] RD 34-003, Application Guideline for Centrifugal Compressor Surge Control Systems.

[7] GN 34-004 Low NOx Gas Turbine Selection Guidelines.

[8] EP - GIS 34-900-1 Specification for technical prime interfaces for gas turbine driven packages.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

[9] ASME PTC 10, Compressors and Exhausters.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

[10] ISO 5389, Turbocompressors - Performance test code.

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