PILE CAPS FOR INDIVIDUAL COLUMNS General In this chapter, a pile cap is a reinforced concrete structural slab utilized to distribute a column load to a group of individual piles. The tabulated designs are based upon use of 2 square reinforced concrete column of at least the minimum size indicated or a structural steel column on a square base plate stich that the sec- tion half-way between the column face and the edge of the plate is the size indicated. The tabulated designs are adequate (and conservative) for rectangular columns or base plates if the short side or section is equal to the minimum tabulated column size. Columns ate located at the centroid of the pile groups. Pile caps are an important structural element some- what neglected in handbooks on structural steel because they are reinforced concrete, and in handbooks on reinforced concrete in the range where steel piles are used, Since pile caps are basic to safety of the stcucture and usually not open to visual inspection under service, a conservative design is justified. Complete analyses are complex and allowable values for use in design are not available in building codes for certain modes of, failure, As a result, most pile caps are designed in prac- fice by various short-cut rule-of-thumb procedures using what are hoped to be conservative allowable stresses. Since practical limits on pile capacity and pile spacing exist, a set of tabulated designs can be offered for the usual range of columna loads in which the com- plex analyses are performed by computer. Basis of Tabulated Designs (See also Figs. 13-2 and 13-3) a. Concrete strengths. Due to space limitations, design tables are shown for only the two most com- monly used concrete compressive strengths, ff = 3,000 psi and f{ = 4,000 psi. Since shear strength controls depth, and v, = kyfz, the saving in concrete and form- work for higher values of f{ would not ordinarily offset the higher cost for higher fg and added reinforcing steel required for lesser depth. If minimum depth is itself an important cost consideration, higher strength concrete, ‘or specifying {at periods later than 30 days, or both may be desirable. Sach designs could not be “prorated” from tabulated design depths. (See “Manual Calcutations”,) b. Pile embedment. A minimum embedment of 6 inches has been established as good practice with struc- tural stec! shapes to avoid use of cover plates for bearing, If precast conerete piles are to be used in the tab- ulated designs, a minimum embedment of 4 inches is usually sufficient. Design depth is unchanged so that the user need only show 4 inches embedment and deduct 2 inches from tabulated thickness, and reduce tabulated concrete volume appropriately. ©. Concrete cover. The designs are based on a clear concrete cover (between the top of a steel pile and the reinforcing bars) of 3 inches, 4d, Pile spacing. A minimum pile spacing of 3/-0" cc. and a minimum clear distance of 2'-0" between piles were established as generally conservative for piles up to 12 inches in diameter. For larger piles, the minimum clear distance controls, and larger spacings are required, as shown in the tables. See Fig. 13-3. Ifa closer spacing is used, the tabulated designs for thick- ness and reinforcing bars are generally conservative. The condition of overlapping critical shear sections for a pair of piles should be investigated, but should not be critical as the allowable v, will increase if the angle of the potential crack to the vertical, a < 45°... (ACI Commentary R11.8.7). ©. Patterns. Patterns for 2-pile to 30-pile pile cap layouts are included. To prevent vertical edge splitting, the minimum edge distance, E, to the center of piles is 15 inches for pile capacity P < 60 tons, 21 inches for 60 < P < 120, 27 inches for 120 < P < 200, and 30 inches for P > 200 tons. A minimum clear edge dis- tance £’ = E—3 inches > 9 inches is required for (hooked) end anchorage. Where the pile diameter, d,, exceeds 12 inches, the edge distance, £, should be increased to maintain the minimum clear edge distance. See Fig. 13-3. Note that some tabulated designs show dimensions on the line below. These dimensions are for use with “clipped comers” to save concrete at the user's option, See Fig. 13-2. £, Pile capacity. Pile capacity is tabulated in tons, (D +1), as is usually done in accepted practice. The range shown, 40 tons to 200 tons, (D + L), covers the usual range for precast concrete or structural steel piles. Net column capacities are shown (weight of pile cap has been deducted). Columa capacity is shown in kips for strength design as P, = 1.6 (D +L). g, Reinforcing bars. All designs are based on the use of Grade 60 (f, = 60,000 psi) reinforcing bars. Areas of flexural bats are conservatively based on an average effective depth, d = D—d,, where D = total depth, and d., = 10 inches for structurat steel piles, or d, = 8 inch- es for concrete piles. The requirements for minimum ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-16‘2PILES LL S PILES. 3.PILES — ew L iret 1OPILES Lee] BPLES A8-6" 4 PILES I sey i 116. f 19-PILES 14-PLES 124 ISLES g 16" 16 PILES, TEBILES L 19.9 1BPLES Lee 2EPILES 23-PILES 185" 24-PILES Figure 13-2. Pile Cap Layout Patterns * and Plan Dintensions "Minimum dimensions shown. See tabulated designs for dimensions used ‘CONCRETE FEINFORGING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-17areas of flexural reinforcement (ACI 10.5 and 7.12) have been satisfied by the following conservative inter- pretation, where A, is the calculated area required for flexure: (1) if 4,> 0.0033ad, use 4, (where 200/f, = 0.0033) (2) it A, < 0.003360 < 4/3 4, use 0.0033hd (3) if 0.00185D < 43 4, < 0.0033dd, use 4/3 A, (4) if 4/3 4, < 0.00180D < 0.0033bd, use 0.00180D For 2-pile pile caps only, ase (1), (2), oF (3) for flexur- al (long) bars. Flexural reinforcement areas in the short direction for rectangular pile caps have been increased to permit use of uniform bar spacings to avoid errors in field placing and still conform to ACI 15. h, Anchorage. For pile cap patterns utili 3,4, 5,6, 7, oF 9 piles, all reinforcing bars must be provided with standard end hooks. For pile caps with 8, 10, U1, or 12 piles, only the short reinforcing bars must be pro- vided with end hooks, and should be placed as the lower layer. See Figs. 13-12 and 13-13. i. Column size. The column sizes shown are derived from square column sizes for a load of 4,000 psi on the gross area. Designs are conservative if the column is larger than the minimum column size tabulated. A 30" Min, J 2.0" Design Procedure a. Flexure. The adequacy of the section for flexure and the required area of flexural reinforcement at f, = 60,000 psi is determined by the ACI strength desi method for 1.6 (D + £) pile loads. Since the depth required is usually established by shear, the flexural reinforcement ratio is usually near or controlled by the ‘minimum ratios required by ACI 10.5 and ACI 7.12. b. Shear: Due to the variety of conditions resulting from the 26-pile cap patterns, a variable number of crit ical sections for shear must be investigated. See Fig 13-4. The possibilities of punching through failures at i2 about a single pile or at an “overlapping” section 4/2 about a pair of piles are most conveniently related to the footing depth using f= 3,000 psi with solutions for the full range of pile loads (12-inch pile diameter and 36-inch pile spacing). Sec Fig. 13-5. Fig. 13-5 also includes solutions for a “comer” failure at 45° as a beam, in one-way shear with v, = 2/fz. This latter con- dition with one (or three) pile loads on the section is generally precluded by the dimensions of pile diameter, pile spacing, and pile cap depths used here. ~ Min 15° Minimum for P < 60 Tons 21° Minimum or 60.

200 Tors fe = average ner. of bars (ore) =c0)- so (ia) = ple capacity (D + in tons "horizontal companant ay = diameter lpia ed. facetobot cack E = edgotoGpies (ub short sido cng, cplee "Vong edo) Figure 13-3 Pile Cap Nomenclature, Dimensions, and Plan and Section Details CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-18In addition to these possible critical sections, shear is investigated as prescribed in the Code for a “punching” failure about the column at a section d/2 from the col- umn face (v, = 4/f2), and for a “beam” failure straight across the Width of the footing in either direction at a section d from the column face (vp = 2Vff )... (ACI 11,12), See Fig. 13-4. Both of these Code-required investigations become inapplicable or impossible as the depth of the footing increases so that the sections at dis- tance d (or d/2) exclude all or part of the pile loads causing shear or even fall outside the footing, 1 rave Figure 13-4 Plan of Critical Shear Sections for Code-Preseribed Allowable Shear on Conerete (One-Way, = 2/f/; Two-Way, v,= 4 FZ) *» TT 3 i eano.a iE ona aa 7 2° rams Paap te ber n Ge BTA rune Fan OF mt }>Sinnje interior. 4 i at dt2 5 °s aoa G00 G00 ad G40 T09 00 B00 Pile Capacity (O +L) tons Figure 13-5 Solutions for Design Depth Required at Code-Prescribed Allowable Shear on Concrete at Critical Sections Around Piles versus Pile Capacity, Tons (D +L) SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS As these Code-preseribed procedures beeome inap- plicable, two special investigations for possible shear failure are necessary. The investigation of a beam shear failure, cracking across the width of a footing, when footing depth creates “deep beam” shear, and a column punching failure when nearest piles force such failure fo occur in a manner approaching “pure shea” will establish a rational basis for selecting the depth when “normal” shear investigations are inoperative. See Figs. 13-6 and 13-7. Limiting values for v, under these spe- cial conditions as indicated by research become very high* oie ®: ny atom en Osment oteyernnue ae © 24vay at fave of cote Sxmamsss™ © ray secon weainses BS Figure 13-6 Critical Sections in Typical Plan and Notation for Special Investigations of Deep Beam (One-Way) Shear at 4 <45°* ‘Shoat Failure Punching Cone ee | ! Measure wto Conter of Pils Figure 13-7 Two-Way Shear at Columns; Code-Prescribed Investigation, »,=4 yf for a = 45°; Special Deep Two-Way Corbel Investigation for a < 45° *Toint ASCE-ACI Committee 426, “The Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete," Journal of the Sinictural Division, ASCE, Part I — Bears and Special Members, June 1973 and Part If — ‘Slabs, Aug. 1974, ‘Design tables reflect w= w + 3 in. in all ealeutations for sheas and fenure to include adverse tolerance effects ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE. 13-19SPECIAL INVESTIGATION — Two-Way Deep Corbel For square (or Equivalent Round) Columns. The shear failure section is a pyramidal frustrum with slope angle to the vertical, a ~ 45°, and w = d. This condition is part of the explicitly Code-prescribed investigation. ‘The allowable shear stress on concrete is: vp = 4y/fZ, at a section di2. from the perimeter of the column for all piles outside this section. The shear section perimeter is: by =4 (ce +d), When w a > 0, the explicit Code pro- visions become inapplicable. The condition is an inverted “deep” two-way cantilever slab with concen- trated loads (pile loads, 1.6P). Provision of horizontal reinforcement distributed through 2/3 of the depth as for small one-way corbels is impracticable (ACI 11.9.4, 11.9.5). Failure when a < 45° can occur, but only at increasingly higher values of v,, approaching a theoret- ical strength v,.= 0.5 ff = 32V/f at a = 0 (“pure” shear). The “deep” beam formulas of the Code for one-way shear omit limits for cantilever spans and are not appli- cable for this condition (ACI 11.9). See Figures 5.1 and 5.9 in the reference noted on page I3-19. SWANS, | oi Figure 13-8 Deep Two-Way Pile Cap Slabs Since the various pile layout patterns in Fig, 13-2 include all variations of distance w from face of column to centers of first piles and w can approach zero, it is most convenient to make this special investigation on the perimeter at the face of the column with the special critical section b, = 4c. This special investigation will be made only when w < d/2 since the “normal” (ACI- prescribed) procedure can be applied up to this point. Converting the ACI-prescribed v, from ve = 4yfZ, at the section perimeter at d/2, 6, = 4(c+ d) to the peri ter at the column, v, becomes. ¥¢ (AVF) = by/b, = (1 + he) For the special investigation then, on a section at the face of the column, when w = d/2 the allowable shear stress, v, = (1 + d/e) (4/2) with b, = 4c. A simple con- servative linear variation for v, between the value v, (UL # dle) 4 fe at w = di2 and v, = 32y ff at w = 0 is used, See Fig. 13-9. vg = (div) (1 + dic) (2YfZ) «.... Eq. 13-1 For the determination o€ the shear strength for design, Eq. 13-1 becomes $V .= 085 (SC + Ler yd) SPECIAL INVESTIGATION — One-Way Deep Beam A similar special investigation for possible failure in ‘one-way shear as a deep beam is required. See Fig. 13- 6. Possible failure sections (cracks) in both directions are shown in Fig. 13-10 for a 6-pile cap layout pattern, Under normal Code prescribed procedures, shear is, investigated at a distance d from the face of the column with an allowable value, v, = 2/f, for shear on con- crete. Note that for a value of d 2 7.25 inches, Section 2 is outside all piles. Similarly, for d > 26.5 inches, Section SI is outside all piles. Figure 13-9 Derivation of Allowable Shear, v,, for ‘Two-Way Deep Corbels, wid < 0.5 As for the two-way deep corbels, a one-way shear section is investigated at the face of the column, In this, case, the width of the critical section is unchanged. No correction factor, based upon column size or ratio (die), ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-20“pat ad Figure 13-18 Critical Sections through 6-Pile Cap with 200-Ton Piles for One-Way Deep Beam Shear is required. Research reports, including tests for shear with (wid) as low as 0.5, show shear strengths of approximately 1200 to 1300 psi and show an exponen tial increase in shear strength as (w/d) decreases, These very favorable strengths develop in confined situations {at the face of a support}, and the support here (upside down) is the column, the width of which invalves a variable (C/A) or (¢/B). No test results ar¢ available to evaluate the precise effect of the (column width/footing ‘width) ratios nor to evaluate the peecise upper value for Ye at w = 0, at the column, Under these conditions, no further refinement than an average value for v, applied across the full footing width is justifiable, A conserva- re upper limit for the value, vp, a8 w approaches zer0 is 10/fZ.* In order to include the effect (M/V,¢) for several lines of piles at varying spans, the initial value beginning at (w/d) = 1.0 willbe that from ACI Eq. 11- 6, and a simple linear function for the effect of (aw) will be used for the transition, For (w/d) 2 1.0, one-way (normal) shear investiga- tion with loads outside the section at d from the face of the columa, b ~ footing width, and 19/fe+ 2500 py (4) » ave which reduces for p,, = 0.002 and 3,000 psi < f/ < 4,000 psi to v, = LOVE +0. If (V,a/M,) ® 2V Fe. For (w/d) <1.0, 1.0> M,/V,d > 0; 0 > ¥,4H/M,) > LO (no limits on M,,,¥,¢, other than above) oor, (2) 2(pi) uove-oaye (2)] Bg. 13-2 57 Ze £4 vee k FE 2| iL ves dias -25 M19 Geos Fy) 5 we oo 0 bi as oF Gs 0s 08 By Ga OS YW te we Figure 13-LL Derivation of Allowable Shear, v,, for One-Way Deep Beam Sections, wid < 1.0 For visual solutions of Eq. 13-2, see Fig. 13-11. Note again that the equation permits reaching the maximum value at short finite length for w to the center ofthe pile which allows for the finite size of piles. "Reference: footnote, Page 13-19, Also Rogowsky ond MacGregor, “Shear Strength of Deep Reinforced Conercte ‘Continuous Beams," Strut. Eng, Report No, 110, Univ. of Alber, Nov. 1983, Figure 13-13 Tied-Arch Model ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-21ied-Arch” Behavior The provision for 180° end hooks on all reinforcing bars in pile caps with single lines of piles around the column is a prudent precaution against a premature “‘tied-arch” shear failure mode. See Fig, 13-13. In addi- tion, however, the maximum bar size should be related to the hook embedment length, £, available. The ACL Code establishes minimum embedment tengths required for full development of hooks. The Code per- mits a 30 percent reduction in embedment where con- fining reinforcement and at least 2% inches of concrete cover are present. Cross-bars provide a degree of con- finement and the compressive reactions of the piles contribute also to confinement, See Chapter 5 for hook embedment lengths Special Anchorage Requirements High-capacity piles, up to the limits set by support- ing strata, minimize the number of piles required as well as the area of the pile cap for a given column load The obvious potential economy results in more “deep beam or “deep slab” pile caps. Theoretical analyses indicating a “ticd-arch” mode of failure as depth/span ratios become larger have been confirmed to some extent by model tests and reports of field behavior. See Fig. 13-13. Where w << d in one-way shear or flexure, and w << 0,5d in two-way shear or flexure, the or nary requirement for tension development length at simple supports: Oy S MyM) + by - ACI Eq. (12- ‘may not be adequate, even with the increase of 30 per- cent allowed in My Vp. Ordinarily, with all tension reinforcement extended to the support, the requirement can be expressed as Ciera] - 36 where P, = factored column load = E-3 inches i (LI2g) + E -3 inches The “‘tied-arch” mode! at failure (Fig. 13-13) indi- cates that full development of the bars at the center of the support is desirable, particularly with an adverse 3-inch tolerance. Shear at Critical Sections Around Piles (Fig. 13-4) Compare the graphic solutions (Fig. 13-5) for the four conditions of Fig. 13-4 to the thicknesses of pile ‘caps tabulated. Read from Fig, 13-5 the following min- imum thicknesses for 3,000 psi concrete: Pile Cormar Corner Overlapping Single Capacity dat 45° 0/2 Circle Pair ons) Gn. Ga, 40 19 17 12 ‘50 22 20 14 14 60 25 23 16 15 70 25 22 18 17 80 27 24 20 18 90 30 a 22 20 100 32 29 23 21 110 34 a1 25 22 120 36 33 27 23 130 35 31 28 24 140 37 33 30 26 150 39 35 31 27 160 40 37. 32 28 170 42 39 34 29 180 44 40 35 30 190 oo 42 36 31 200 47 43 37 3t In order to check conformance with the above anal- yyses, itis necessary to lay out the pattern and various sections at d/2 and d. Take d = (D — 10 inches) for this purpose. See tables for design, pages 13-26 to 13-32. It will be noted that the “single interior pile punch- ing failure” never controlled the layouts used. The 3- pile comer failure at 45° in beam (one-way) shear can- not occur with the CRSI pattems. Where “overlaps” exist for pairs of piles, the perimeter is usually incom- plete and would not control. The single pile comer “beam” or “punching” failure alone of the criteria in Figs. 13-4 and 13-5 approaches critical shear for some combinations. These criteria and solutions (Figs. 134 and 13-5) are presented, however, for users specifying piles at larger spacings than assumed for the tabulated designs (3'-0"). Smaller spacings will require even less than the thicknesses shown in Fig. 13-5 and will often make these possible failure sections inapplicable, or applicable at higher allowable stresses (v,). The user is, advised to consider these cases where layout is based on larger spacings. ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE. 13-22USE OF TABLES Example L, Select a pile cap footing, using piles with a 50-ton capacity for the multistory column of Example 1, Chapter 3. P, = 1,233 Kips, M, = 0 fL-kips (caleulat- ed). Column size is 16 in. x 20 in.; ff = 3,000 psi. 9-Pile Pile Cap Design (Example 1) Enter pile cap table, page ‘3-26, for 50-ton piles. Try 9-pile pile cap. Tabulated capacity, P, = 1,376 kip, Note that minimum column size tabulated is 19 in. In the i6-in, direction of the column, the pile loads will have an additional 1.5 in. moment arm distance. This effect should be negligible, but will be checked here for ittustrative purposes. See Figs. 13-2 and 13-3. Note that the reaction of these 50-ton piles is located exactly 3-0" from the column center. Cantilever span for the (tabu- lated) design, f, = 360.5 x 19 = 265 in, The design of Example I will increase footing moment (1.5/26.5 = 5.6 percent. The ratio af tabulated to required capacity is (1,376/1,233) = 1.12, approximately 12 percent above that required, and the tabulated capacity includes adverse 3 in, tolerances. No change in tabulated rein- forcement nor thickness is required. Use tabulated design Shear. Again for illustrative purposes, note slab shear on section © controlled. See Fig. 13-6. For this condi- tion, the allowable shear was v, = 219 psi. The ratios of computed/allowable shears were: 0.919 controlling slab shear on (ACI) section @; and 0,911 controlling beam shear on both (CRSI) sections © and © due to two-way symmetry. “Tied Arch.” Note also that the tabulated design requires the same number and size of reinforcing bars in each direction, all with hooked ends. Bar size is lim- ited to #6 for which Gy, = 12 in. See Table $-L1(a) in Chapter 5. The edge distance, E= 15 in., provides a net hook embedment of 15 ~ 3 (end concrete cover) = 12 in, (For this purpose the 3 in. tolerance was not consid ered.) Also note that the average effective depth, d= 44 ~ 10 = 34 in., and that w = 26.5 in., which definitely is ‘within the range of proportions where tied-arch beliav- ior should be considered in the design, MANUAL CALCULATIONS To itlustrate the design assumptions, applicable Code requirements and procedures used in the preparation of the pile cap design tables, one of the designs will be reviewed with afi calculations performed longhand. This review will also assist or guide any user wishing to extend the scope of the designs to longer spans or heavier loads; to utilize other conerete compressive strengths or yield strengths of reinforcing bars; condi- tions of concrete cover other than those used (shown in Fig. 13-3); or columns smaller than the tabulated sizes. From table on Page 13-26, review the 12-pile pile cap with 50-ton piles. oe 11-6" Tra I 1 i -9—$—6— 64 22'lsq.co.| | x eo] 8 ® 7 = x iH He Fig. 13-14 Manual Example ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTTUTE 13-2312-Pile Pile Cap Piles: Service load = 50 tons Pile Cap: ff = 3,000 psi J, = 60,000 psi Column : Pyllg = 4,000 psi 1.6 load factor; 36-in. pile spacing; and 15-in, edge dis- tance 1. Minimum Square Column Size 21.26, use 22 in, 2. Flexural Reinforcement—Short Bars M, at face of column (include 3 in, tolerance; neglect pile cap dead load): 4.x 1.6 x 100 (36 +3 ~ 22/2) = 17,920 in.-kips 17,920/11.5 = 1,558 in-kips/ft d= 57-9 ~ 1,128 ~ 0.375 = 46.497 in. For ff = 3,000 psi and £, = 60,000 psi, the required area of flexural reinforcement, A, = 0.5id — J0.26d?— 0.0189M, (See Chapter 14) 0.51(46.5) — /0.26(46.5)" — 0.0189(1,558)_ = 0.634 in? /ft Calculated total 4, = 0.634 x 11.5 = 7.29 i (413) A, = (413)(7.29) = 9.72 in? (200/f,) x 11.5 x 12 46.497 = 21.39 in? 0.0018 x 11.5 x 12 x 57 = 14.16 in? Increase the calculated area in order “to maintain” uni form spacing of the short bars (ACI 15.4.4) B= 115/85 = 1,353, ratio of long-to-short sides A, = 7.29 (28) (1 + B) = 8.38 in? Thus, use 4, = 14.16 in? (14.16 in? tabulated) E' = E—3in. (concrete cover) E =15~3~ 12 in, for hook embedment Maximum bar size is #6 ((y,= 12 in, see Table 5-11(a) in Chapter 5) Thus, use 32 ~ #6 bars with standard hooks at ends; A, provided is 14,08 in 3. Flexural Reinforcement — Long Bars 3 piles at 18 in. 3 piles at 54 in., plus 3 in. tolerance My = 1.6 x 100 [3 x (18 +3) +3 x (54 +3) ~6 x 22/2) 26,880 in.-kips M, = 26,880/8.5 = 3,162 in.-kips/ft d = 57-9 ~ 1.128/2 = 47.4 in, A, = 0.51(47.44) ~ 0.267. 0189G3,163) Calculated total 4, = 1.27 x 8.5 = 10.82 in? (4/3) A, = (4/3)(10.82) = 14.43 (200/f,) 8.5 x 12 x 47.44 = 16.13 in? 0.0018 x 8.5 x 12 x 57 = 10.46 in? ‘Thus, use 4, = 16.13 in.? (16.13 tabulated) Embedment length available for tension development = (ILS x 12)2-3= 11 = 55 in 13 #10 bars; 4, 16— #9 bars; 4, Hence, use 16 - #9 bars Check tension development length of #9 bars vs. avail- able embedment length; c.-c. spacing of #9 bars = (8.5 12)-(4.31 x 2/15 = 6.23 in, oF 6.23/1.128 = 5.5 dy: cover = 3.75 in, or 3.75/1.128 = 3.3 dy; from Table A-l, the Category is 5; from Table A-2(a) for “Other Bars”, fy = 44 in, < 55 in., okay. 4. Check Punching Shear at d/2 from Column: Case © Centers of 10 piles lie outside section at d/2 from face of column ¥, = 10 x 1.6 x 100 = 1,600 kips d 7-9-1=47 in. by = 4 (22 + 47) = 276 in GIG= 0.85 x 4 x ¥3000 x 276 x 47/1000 416 kips > 1,600 kips 1, (Y, = 0.662 (0.632 tabulated, using long formula for shear strength) 5, Check One-Way Beam Shear at d from Column: Case @ (Short Direction) No check is necessary, because all piles are within this section. ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-246. Check Deep Beam (One-Way) Shear at Face of Column (Whea wid < 1.0): Case © wie 743=10in, ¥, = 6 x 1.6 x 100 = 960 kips M, = 1.6 x 100 [3 x 10 +3 x 46] = 26,880 in.-kips ¥,diM, = 1.679 M,/Kd= 0.596 3.5 ~ 2.5 (0.596)][1.9 + 0.1 (1.679)] x 47/11 = 17.76 > 10, use 10 GH ORS x 10 x (5000 x 8.5 x 12 x 47/1000 232 kips > ¥, 1.1%, = 0.430 (0.409 tabulated, due to round-off) 7. Quantities of Concrete and Reinforcing Bars Concrete: 8.5(11.5(57/12)/27 = 17.197 eubic yards (17.2 cubic yards tabulated) Reinforcing bars: 16 ~ #9 bars x 11-0" 16(3.400)(11) = 598 pounds 32 — #6 bars x 8/-0"; 32 (1.5028) = 385 pounds 32 ~ #6 bars with standard end hiooks at each end; 64 hooks at 8°; 64 (64(1.502)(0.67) = 64 pounds Total weight = 1,047 pounds ‘Total weight = 1,047/2,000 = 0.524 tons (0.523 tons tabulated) 8. Compute 1.6 (D+ L) Capacity for Column Total design capacity = 12 x 1.6 x 100 = 1,920 kips Pile cap weight = 17.197 x 27 x 0.15 = 69.6 kips Factored pile cap weight = 1.4 x 69.6= 97.4 kips Net design capacity ~ 1,920 - 97.4 = 1,823 kips (1,808 Kips tabulated, Computer program conservative- ly uses the combined load factor 1.6 for the dead load of the pile cap.) ‘CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE 13-25