Novotel Hotel-Sharq-Kuwait

TERMS OF REFERENCE

WIND ENGINEERING STUDIES

NOVOTEL HOTEL

SHARQ, KUWAIT

Wind Engineering Studies - TOR

KEO International Consultants
December 2014
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 Novotel Hotel-Sharq-Kuwait
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1. General
The investigation involves Wind Engineering Studies to be carried out on the above
noted project. Unless otherwise noted the results of the studies are to be based on
the testing of physical scale models of the building and its surrounding structures in a
wind tunnel laboratory.

1.2. Objectives

o Existing Code Review to review and assess the requirements of various local
codes, and initial estimate of wind loads and accelerations.

o Structural Wind Load Study to determine wind induced forces acting on the
building structure and to predict building movements and accelerations at key
floors.

o Cladding Wind Load Study to obtain surface wind loads for the design and
detailing of the exterior cladding of the building.

o Pedestrian Level Wind Comfort Study to determine the pedestrian wind comfort
levels in key designated areas around the site.

1.3. KEO Project Team

o Project Manager - Mr. Ahmed Taha (E-mail: Ahmed.Taha@keoic.com )

o Architect - Mr. Raj Patel (E-mail: RajP@keoic.com )

o Structural Engineer - Mr. David Ross (E-mail: DavidR@keoic.com )

1.4. Available Information (to date)

o Project Statistics - Please refer to attached report “Novotel Hotel, Sharq,

Kuwait, Concept Design Report”.

o Specialty Structures - The project involves some specialty structures such

as high parapets/screens at the top of the building.

o Pedestrian Level - Shade structures, Wind Baffles etc. will be provided

to facilitate pedestrian comfort/ movement around the
building at grand and podium roof levels.

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2.0 Structural System Description

2.1 Brief Description of Lateral Load Resisting System: The lateral load resisting
system for the tower and podium, consists of reinforced concrete shear walls. The
wall thickness, wall length and concrete strength vary to suit the stiffness
requirements and also, of course, the strength demands. Drawings will be provided
giving further details.

2.2 Brief Description of Gravity Load Resisting System: The gravity load resisting
system consists of reinforced concrete slabs, beams and girders supported on
columns and walls. The element dimensions and the concrete strength vary with
stiffness requirements and strength demand. Drawings will be provided giving
further details.

2.3 The preliminary structural characteristics: Primary modes shapes for movements
in X and Y directions and in Torsion, building periods/frequencies for each of the
primary modes, mass and polar mass moment of inertia of each floor, and the
reference coordinate system will be provided by KEO during Design Development
and Final Design Phases. The provision of this information will be coordinated with
the Wind Engineering firm to suit the agreed programme.

3.0 Scope of Services

3.1 Consultation During Design

3.1.1 During the design phase, it is expected that clarification, interpretation and
consultation between the KEO Design Team and the Wind Engineering Firm
will be required.

3.1.2 The Wind Engineering Firm is required to make available the appropriate
staff to address any questions, requests for clarification and the like.

3.1.3 Prior to the testing of the scale model in the wind tunnel laboratory the
Design Team would like to engage the Wind Engineering Firm in preliminary
discussion to address critical issues such as effects of future neighbouring
developments, the likelihood of acceleration concerns, etc.

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December 2014
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3.1.4 Communications: In addition to all other customary business

communications, allow for the following meetings (M), conference calls (CC)
or video conference calls (VCC):

Meeting Location Key Participants

Preliminary CC or Kuwait, Wind Consultant’s PM, Architects, Wind
VCC Offices. Consultants, Structural
Consultants.
Kick Off M or VCC M at Wind Consultant’s PM, Architects, Wind
Facility, or Consultants, Structural
VCC Kuwait, Wind Consultants
Consultant’s Offices.

Approval of M at Wind Tunnel. Architects, Wind

Models Consultants, Structural
Consultants
Discussion of Kuwait,Wind Consultant’s PM, Architects, Wind
Proposed Testing Offices. Consultants, Structural
Programme and Consultants.
Protocol CC or
VCC
Discussion of Kuwait, Wind Consultant’s PM, Architects, Wind
Results CC or Offices. Consultants, Structural
VCC Consultants.
2 Other Kuwait, Wind Consultant’s PM, Architects, Wind
Multipartite Offices. Consultants, Structural
Discussions Consultants

3.2 Wind Climate Analysis and Models

3.2.1 The Wind Engineering Firm shall advise on the appropriate wind regime
based on the meteorological data for the area and any applicable codes
and/or regulations. Please identify to the Structural Consultants when
the statistical model of the local wind climate can not be based on
hourly surface wind measurements taken at nearby meteorological
station(s) over a period of greater than 15 years.

3.2.2 The model scale is expected to be between 1:300 and 1:500 but the
advice and/or recommendations from the Wind Engineering firm is
sought with respect to appropriate scales of models.

3.2.3 It would be expected that all existing buildings and geographical

features located within a 450m radius of the centre of the study will be
considered but the advice and/or recommendations from the Wind
Tunnel Engineering Firm is sought with respect to the extent of the
study.

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December 2014
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3.2.4 The effects of surroundings beyond the limits of the model should be
represented by generalized roughness elements on the wind tunnel
floor and boundary layer generators at the start of the working section
so as to provide an accurate simulation of the wind speed profile and
turbulence of the approaching wind.

3.2.5 KEO International Consultant shall be responsible for collecting the

information necessary to construct the proximity model.

3.3 Phase 1: Existing Code Review and Preliminary Wind Load Assessment

3.3.1 The successful consultant is required to review the requirements of the

various local codes and the International Building Code IBC and to
provide a summary of the requirements of each and a statement as to
how, if at all, the code requirements may affect the detailed wind
investigations that are to be conducted for the project.

3.3.2 In addition, the consultant is required to prepare a brief report

summarizing the various code requirements. In particular, the
consultant is to summarize the requirements related to return period for
strength and serviceability related issues (for both the cladding and the
main structural system) as well as provide a table and graph
summarizing each of the required code loads for the project under
consideration. The consultant is required to make a specific
recommendation with respect to the local wind climate and various
design parameters that will be used as the basis for the preliminary
wind assessment as well as the detailed wind tunnel studies noted
below.

3.3.3 At the conclusion of Phase 1, the consultant will be asked to present

the findings and recommendations of the Phase 1 Code Review to the
design team at a video conference call.

3.3.4 In conjunction with code review noted above, the consultant is to carry
out a preliminary desk study assessment of the wind loads acting on
the building, for the purpose of preliminary design of the structural and
curtain wall systems. The consultant is required to provide a summary
table and graph outlining the applied forces (shear, moment and
torque) as well as cumulative forces acting at each level.

3.3.5 The consultant is also required to plot or summarize how the

preliminary wind loads compare to the various code related
requirements noted in Phase 1 above. Recommended preliminary wind
loads should be tabulated and provided along with a brief report. The
report should include an initial assessment with respect to the overall
building response in terms of accelerations (measured in milli-g’s) and
torsion velocities as well as any other issues that may become evident.

3.3.6 The information provided at the end of Phase 2 will be used for the
design development of the structural and curtain wall systems.
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3.4 Phase 2: Structural Wind Load Study

3.4.1 The structural wind load study should be conducted using the high-
frequency force balance technique or the high-frequency-pressure-
integration technique, as appropriate. The model construction
(featuring all details that could significantly affect the overall structural
wind loads) and the load measuring techniques are to suit the type of
test conducted.

3.4.2 The study model (including the proximity model) should be tested in a
boundary layer wind tunnel in the presence of the proximity model and
a fully simulated turbulent wind. Measurements of mean, RMS and
peak base loadings / generalised aerodynamic forces and torque shall
be made for a minimum of 36 wind directions at 10 degree intervals.
Power spectra of these aerodynamic loads shall also be evaluated.

3.4.3 Using data supplied by the structural engineer on the building’s mass
distribution and modal deflections, together with the measured spectra
of aerodynamic loadings, the dynamic responses of the structure as a
function of wind speed should be determined. These results should
then be combined with the mathematical model of the local wind
statistics in order to predict full scale base moments, shears and
accelerations as a function of return period.

3.4.4 The wind force and torque distributions as a function of height shall be
provided in the form of floor by floor loads (or equivalent static pressure
distributions) for selected return periods (10, 50 or 100 years). If this
information is provided for only a single return period, provide a formula
allowing conversion to other return periods.

3.4.5 Appropriate combinations of design loads in the two principal directions

and in torsion shall be provided. Coordination with the Structural
Consultant will be required to agree on the number of load cases and
combinations shall be provided in the report.

3.4.6 As a separately identified price, allow for the re-analysis of the wind
tunnel test data for an additional or revised set of building structural
properties.

3.4.7 Information required in the report:

3.4.7.1 Detailed description of testing procedures used in this study
3.4.7.2 Summary of the test results
3.4.7.3 Detailed results of the governing load conditions and combinations.
The test results should be analysed in such a way as to provide
equivalent static horizontal loads in the two principal directions and
in torsion. These equivalent static loads are to allow for mean,
background (gusts) and resonant components of the wind effects.

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December 2014
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3.4.7.4 All loads are to be based on the coordinate system provided by the
Structural Consultant and are to reflect the return period designated
by the Structural Consultant.
3.4.7.5 Unless otherwise agreed with the Structural Consultant, the equivalent
static horizontal loads provided to the Design Team should be
limited to a single value for each of the principle directions and
torsion and up to 24 load combinations. These loading
combinations should be sufficient to fully envelope 360 degrees of
wind directions.
3.4.7.6 The predicted accelerations and torsional velocities on the top
occupied floor are to be provided as a function of return period by
analyzing the wind tunnel data with the local wind climate model.
Results are to include values for two principle directions and torsion,
centroidal values, corner values, and peak torsional velocities. If
necessary, the sensitivity of the results to changes in the building’s
natural frequencies, mass and damping shall also be evaluated.
3.4.7.7 Provide comparisons of the predicted peak acceleration to applicable
codes, international standards and industry norms. If necessary,
propose alternatives to reduce the accelerations to an acceptable
level.
3.4.7.8 In the event that the predicated accelerations exceed the allowable,
provide a report on a suitable method of mitigation.

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3.5 Phase 3: Cladding Wind Load Study

3.5.1 The model of the study building should be constructed to include all surface
details measuring greater than 300 mm at full scale and be of a suitable
construction for such a study. Sufficient pressure taps shall be installed on
the model to accurately define the local peak pressures and suctions acting
on the building’s exterior surfaces, with special attention being given to
possible regions of high wind loads on the facades, roofs, and soffits.
(Indicate proposed number of pressure tops in response to this RFP.)

3.5.2 The study model (including the proximity model) shall be tested in a boundary
layer wind tunnel in the presence of the proximity model and a fully simulated
turbulent wind. The mean, RMS (root-mean-square) and the peak maximum
and minimum pressure coefficients, based on the gradient wind pressure at
each pressure tap should be measured for 36 wind directions in 10 degree
intervals.

3.5.3 The test results should be analyzed with the wind climate model to determine
maximum exterior wind loads for each pressure tap for the 50 and 100 year
return periods. The analytical approach should take into consideration the
directionality of the wind (e.g. with up-crossing or time history approach).

3.5.4 Estimates of the interior pressure should be made and added to the predicted
exterior pressures to determine the net wind loads on the cladding system.
Allowance shall be made for the possibility of there being openings in the
building envelope where appropriate (operable windows, impact of debris in
the lower levels).

3.5.5 At building corners the combinations of wind loads on the two wall faces shall
be measured for the purpose of corner framing design of the cladding
system.

3.5.6 Allow for approximately 100-200 pressure taps (locations to be coordinated

and agreed with the Design Team) on the scale model of surrounding
buildings to determine the wind effects of the development on neighbouring
buildings. Please indicate to the Design Team whether more or less pressure
taps may be required. The model shall be tested with the buildings before
and after the development

3.5.7 Information required in the report:

3.5.7.1 Detailed description of testing procedures used in this study

3.5.7.2 Summary of the test results
3.5.7.3 The recommended peak positive and negative pressures for the 50 or
100 year return period shall be presented graphically in the form of
block diagrams (pressure zones) drawn on the building elevations
and roof plans of the study building.

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December 2014
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3.5.7.4 Recommendations for load combinations at corners shall be provided.
3.5.7.5 The mean, minimum, maximum, RMS pressure coefficients for each
10 degree wind angle at each pressure tap shall be included in
tabular form and in PC compatible format.
3.5.7.6 Discussion on the effects of the development on the external wind
pressures on surrounding structures including tabulated wind
pressures with and without the development

3.6 Phase 4: Wind Comfort Study

3.6.1 Suitable sensors or probes for measuring the mean, RMS and peak gust
speeds at a full scale height of approximately 1.5m above ground shall be
installed on the model in sidewalks, plaza and other outdoor pedestrian-use
areas.

3.6.2 Allow for approximately 60 wind speed measurement locations, including all
locations specifically identified by the Design Team and other areas where
problems may be anticipated based on a wind professional’s judgment.
Please indicate to the Design Team whether more or less measuring location
may be required

3.6.3 The test model together with the proximity model should be tested in a
boundary layer wind tunnel for a minimum of 36 equally spaced wind
directions. The mean, RMS and gust speeds should be recorded at each
measurement location for each test direction

3.6.4 The wind tunnel data shall be analysed with the long term meteorological
statistics for the area to predict how often selected wind speed ranges will
occur at each location.

3.6.5 The predicted wind speeds should be compared with criteria to determine
both safety and comfort at each location. The criteria for safety and comfort
are to be compared to the recommendations outlined by T.V. Lawson (1973,
“The wind environment of buildings: a logical approach to the establishment
of criteria” University of Bristol, Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, Report No.
TVL 7321). The advice and/or recommendations from the Wind Tunnel
Engineering Firm is sought with respect to possible alternate criteria

3.6.6 Options and recommendations for potential wind control measures (in the
form of landscaping, wind screens, canopies or minor changes to the
architectural features of the lower portion of the buildings) are to be provided
in areas where undesirable wind conditions are predicted. Allow for two
alternative solutions to be examined for further design development.

3.6.6 Information required in the report:

3.6.6.1 Detailed descriptions of testing procedures to be used in this study.
3.6.6.2 Colour coded plans showing a summary of the safety/comfort levels of
different areas.

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3.6.6.3 Summary of the test results, including a discussion on pedestrian level
comfort around the site, and if required recommendations on
remedial measure to improve pedestrian comfort.
3.6.6.4 Video of important wind flows patterns (DVD).

4.0 General Requirements

4.1 Submission of Proposals

4.1.1 The proposal should include relevant experience and list of key staff for the
project along with CV’s.
4.1.2 Proposal should include a cost breakdown, earliest start date and proposed
programme.
4.1.3 Proposals should include a list of information required from the design team
and the latest date this information can be received without affecting the
programme.
4.1.4 It has been assumed that procedure of the study will involve physical testing
of scale models in a wind tunnel. The proposal should clearly indicate where
computer simulations are proposed instead of physical testing in a wind
tunnel.
4.1.5 Submit proposals to the Project Manager, KEO International Consultants in
Kuwait.
4.1.6 Submit invoices to KEO International Consultants at the above address.
4.1.7 Submit the proposal within one week of receipt of this TOR.

4.2 Circulation of Reports

4.2.1 Address reports to the Project Manager, KEO International Consultants, and
provide 3 copies of the same.

4.3 Code Compliance

4.3.1 All work to be carried out in accordance with the applicable local codes, the
ASCE-7 and the International Building Code

5.0 Submittal Format

5.1 Project Name:

5.2 Company Name:

Date:

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5.3 Cost Break Down

Item Description Cost

Base Study
Consultation (List assumptions)
with Design
Team
Wind Climate (Provide details including scale and proposed
Analysis and construction of the models)
Model
Construction
Structural
Wind Load
Study
Cladding
Wind Load
Study
Wind Comfort
Study
Flow
Visualisation
Study
Total

Optional
Studies
Additional At wind tunnel Laboratory
Meeting At project site (or vicinity)
Additional For alternate set of structural properties (analysis
Structural only)
Wind Load For alternate phasing configuration
Studies For alternate surrounding condition
For specialty structures
Additional For impact on neighbouring structures
Cladding For alternate phasing configuration
Load Studies For alternate surrounding condition
Additional For alternate phasing configuration
Wind Comfort For alternate surrounding condition
Studies For testing development of remedial wind control
measures
Flow For alternate phasing configuration
Visualisation For alternate surrounding condition
Studies For testing development of remedial measures
Further
testing as
recommended
by Wind
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Item Description Cost

Engineering
Firm not listed
above
Total

5.4 Programme

Earliest start date (Beginning of Week 1):

Study Week

Wind Climate Analysis & Model

Const.
 Wind Climate Analysis
 Model Construction
Structural Wind Load Study
 Wind Tunnel Tests
 Analysis
 Preliminary Results
 Final Report
Cladding Load Study
 Wind Tunnel Tests
 Analysis
 Preliminary Results
 Final Report
Wind Comfort Study
 Wind Tunnel Tests
 Analysis
 Solution Development
 Project Meeting (if required)
 Preliminary Results
 Final Report
Flow Visualisation Study
 Wind Tunnel Tests
 Analysis
 Preliminary Results
 Final Report

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