DKA:

 D= Diabetes: RBS: >11.1

 K= Ketone: Ketone >3, Urine Dipstix ++
 A= Acidosis: PH<7.3, HCO3<15

DKA Pathophysiology:
 Caused by uncontrolled lipolysis
 Results in excess free fatty acids that ultimately converts to Ketone bodies.

Iatrogenic Complications in DKA/HONK:

 Quick fluid: Cerebral Oedema (in Age 18-25); within 6-12 hours
 Over insulin: Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia (Arrythmia)
 Over Fluid: ARDS
About IV Potassium:
1st 1L NaCl= No K+
From 2nd NaCl onwards: Add K+ 1 amp in each 1 L.
K >5.5: No K+ add
K 3.5 – 5.5= Add 1 amp K+
Complications of DKA:
 Thromboembolism
 Arrythmia
 Iatrogenic: Cerebral Edema, Hypokalemia, Hypoglycemia
 ARDS
 ARF
Why DKA happens:
 Infection
 Missed doses