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Agriculture Study Notes PDF by AffairsCloud PDF
Agriculture Study Notes PDF by AffairsCloud PDF
Agriculture History.......................................................................................................................................... 1
Crops................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Agriculture Products in India ......................................................................................................................... 3
Crop Seasons in India ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Agriculture Revolutions .................................................................................................................................. 4
Agricultural related Institutions in India ............................................................................................ 6
Agriculture related Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 12
Agriculture History
1820 Agricultural Society of India was established by Reverend William Carey on September 14
1824 Introduced cash crops seeds which were brought from America and Mauritius
1827 First document on Agriculture and Horticulture in British India published by the Society
1828 First Horticulture Exhibition in India was hosted by the Society
1830 Sugercane and Tobacco was cultivated at Akra Firm of the society in South 24 Parganas
1831 Maize seeds were brought from America for cultivation
1832 Introduced Ginger from Jamaica and potato from England
1835 Established branches in Lucknow, Madras and Dinajpur
1836 Shifted to the premises of Royal Botanic Garden, Howrah. 25 more branches opened in India
1838 First Egyptian Cotton was grown
1839 Grafts of fruit plants were successfully procured and cultivated
1840 32 varieties of wheat was brought from Europe and Egypt
1841 North India reports good quality potatoes from Society’s tubers.
1843 Cocoa plants introduced from West Indies
1845 Manchester Cotton Supply Association declares Rs.1000 prize for the best cotton grown in India with
Society’s help
1851 Procures seeds of Mexican Cotton
1853 Import tobacco seeds from Cuba, Hungary and Columbia
1854 Rhea seeds imported from Scotland and England
1858 Introduces Bougainvillea spectabillis from South Africa
1862 Introduces ornamental plants
1872 Agri-Horticultural Society shifts to its present location at 1, Alipore Road, Kolkata
1902 Introduces Sralia (Panax) Balfouriana, the stalk that produces bud sprouts
1907 Raises a new hybrid cooperanthas by crossi9ng cooperia and zephyranthes
1916 Council of the Society sanctions Rs. 200 to purchase orchids to improve its collection
1928 Published first book “ An Amateur in an Indian Garden” by Percy Lancaster
1933 Raises hybrid cosmos and named it as “Alipore Beauty”
1935 Granted privilege to use the title “Royal” in recognition of its service, by King George V.
1939 Percy Lancaster of the Society awared Harvard Medal by Amaryllis Society of America for his
achievement in hybriding Habrant-Bus texanas
1940 Lancanster raises hybrid named Malthea by crossing Althea rosea and Malr sylvesrisva
1961 Carey Institute of Horticulture set up in the Society to conduct certificate course in horticulture,
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Crops
Kharif:
• Crops are sown at the beginning of the south-west monsoon and harvested at the end of the south-
west monsoon.
• Seasons-May to July
• Harvesting season-September to October
• Important crops: Jowar, bajra, rice, maize, cotton, groundnut, jute, hemp, sugarcane, tobacco, etc
Rabi:
• Crops need relatively cool climate during the period of growth but warm climate during the
germination of their seed and maturation.
• Sowing season-october-December
• Harvesting season-February-April
• Important crops: wheat, barley, gram, linseed, mustard, masoor and potatoes
Zaid:
• Besides the kharif and rabi crops, there are certain crops which are being raised throughout the year
due to artificial irrigation.
• Zaid kharif crops are sown in August-September and harvested in December-January.
• Important crops: rice, jowar, rapeseed, cotton, oilseeds.
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Agriculture Revolutions
Green Revolution:
• Food Gain Production
• First Time Statred In --1966-67
• First Adopted Ludiana (Punjab) , West Godavari (A.P), Tanjavuru( Tamil Nadu)
• Used Crops In Green Revoultion -- Wheat , Rice, Jower , Maize
• Green Revolution --Phase-2 --1983
• Father Of Green Revolution --"Norman Borlang" --USA
• Father Of Indian Green Revolution --"M.S.Swaminathan" --INDIA
• Green Revolution "Word" Coined By ---" William S.Goud" --Uk
• "Ever Green Revolution " Started In The Year --2010
Yellow Revolution
• Oil seeds production
• Oil Seeds, Edible Oil , Especially Mustard And Sunflower.
• Father of Yellow Revolution " Sam Pitroda "
• India occpied first place in groundnuts
White Revolution
• Milk & Milk Products
• World Milk Day – June 1
• Father Of White Revolution -- "Varghese Kurien "
• Milk Man Of India-Verghese Kurien
• India Ocupies World Wide -- 1st Place -- Butter , Ghee , Cheese
Blue Revolution
• Fishes And Marine Products
• Fish Production Blue Revolution Started -- 1960
• Father Of Blue Revolution-"Dr.Arun Krishnan".
• Fish & Sea Foods Production World Wide --- China 1st Place
• India -- 2nd Place
• In India -- 1st Place -- West Bengal , 2nd --Gujarat , 3rd -- Kerala
• Fresh Water Fish Production -- Top -2 -- Westbengal , Andhrapradesh
• Salt Water Fish Production -- Top-2 -- Gujrat , Kerala
• Fish Most Usage State -- Westbengal
Pink Revolution
• Prawn ,Onions,Pharmautiecals
• Father Of Pink Revolution--"Durgesh Patel"
• Father Of Induced Breeding--"Prof.Hirlal Chaudri"
• Leading Producer Of Pharchemicals -- Switzerland, Germany,Usa
• India Ranks --6th Place
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Grey Revolution
• Fertilizers
Brown Revolution
• COCOA, LEATHER
• INDIA placed first in leather industries
• india occupies first in -- number of cows , sheeps
• Top beef exporting countriesTOP --> India -- 240 mn tonnes ,Brazil , USA
Silver Revolution
• Egg (Poultry)
• Father Of Silver Revolution-Indira Gandhi.
Iolet Revolution
• Woolen Products
• Australia -- 1st Position In Wollen Prodcution
• India Occupies -- 7th Position , In India –Punjab
Black Revolution
• Crude oil & non conventional energy
Golden Revolution
• Honey, Horticulture
• Father Of Golden Revolution-Nirpakh Tutej
Golden Revolution
• Fiber-Jute
Orange Revolution
• Citrus & fruits production
• China occupies first postion in fruits
• India 2nd place in fruits production
• In India -- maharastra occupiies 1st followed by andhrapardesh
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Development
PME Prioritisation, monitoring and evaluation
PI Principal investigator
PIU Project Implementation Unit (of NATP)
PPS Principal Production System Scientist
PVP Plant variety protection
SAP Scientific Advisory Panel (of Agro-Ecosystem)
SAREP Strategic adaptive research and extension plan
SAU State Agricultural University
SRC Staff Research Council
TAR Technology assessment and refinement
TOT Transfer of technology
UGC University Grants Commission
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