Introductory
 Certified
 Advanced

Certificate
 Sommelier
 Certificate



 Factors
affecting
climate.
Importance
of
 Identify
Grand
Cru

varietals
and
sites
 %
plantings
of
varietals



 the
Vosges

 Yields
per
hectare
for
AC
Alsace
&
Grand


Sub
districts.
Location
of
best
vineyards
 Cru



&
variety
of
soils
 Sugar
levels
for
VT
&
SGN
wines

Alsace
 Grape
varietals
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Appellations
Alsace
.

Grand
Cru

Cremant

Styles
of
wine


VT

SGN

Labelling
terms


 Factors
affecting
climate
‐
basic
 1st
&
2nd
&
3rd
classified
growths
from
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific


 Soil
types

 the
Médoc
.
“A”
category
St
Emilion
 All
classified
growths
from
each
AC

Production
&
ageing
techniques
 Châteaux
 Médoc,
Sauternes,
St
Emilion



Botrytis
wines,
Barrique

fermentation
 Top
Pomerol
Châteaux
 2nd
labels
from
classified
sites


 /ageing
 Cru
Bourgeois
classification
 Wines
of


smaller
districts
‐



 Districts
&
sub
districts
&
location

 Styles
of
wine
from
smaller
Bordeaux
 St
Emilion
Classification

Classification
system

1855,
‐
St
Emilion
 sub
–
districts.

Loupiac,
Cadillac
etc
 St
Emilion
satelites

Bordeaux
 Grape
varietals
/
Blending
‐Importance
 Individual
commune
names
in
 Pomerol
Châteaux

of
varietal
in
the
blend
 principal
districts
 Côtes
de
Bordeaux
classification

Styles
of
wine
from
principal
production
 Classic
vintages
 Bourg
/
Blaye
wines

districts
 
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Quality
levels

AOC,
AOP,
IGP
 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Labelling
terms
 Characteristics
of
the
wines

Trade
structure

‐

En
primeur
 Vintages
–
characteristics

Médoc
Premiere
grand
Cru
Châteaux
 Wine
&
food
recommendations









 
 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Grand
Cru
wines
of
Cote
d’Or
&
 Clmatic
influences
‐
specific


 AC
districts
&
location
 Chablis
 Grand
Cru/
1ere
Cru
wines
from

Permitted
Grape
varietals
 Smaller
production
districts
ie.










 principal
AC’s




Soil
types
 St
Bris,
Irancy,
Montagny
 Villages
entitled
to
use
certain
AC’s
eg


 Production
&
ageing
techniques
 
 Pouilly
Fuissé
,
Beaujolais
villages

Burgundy
 Traditional
/
Maceration
Carbonique
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Quality
levels
Generic,
District,
Villages
 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Premiere
Cru
Grand
Cru
 Characteristics
of
the
wines

The
Beaujolais
cru
 Vintages‐
Characteristics

Labelling
terms
 Wine
&
food
recommendations

Structure
of
trade


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Yields
and
extraction
amounts
 Viticulture‐
Training
etc


 Champagne
AC
&
sub
districts
 Bottle
sizes
&
amounts
 Grand
Cru
villages
&
locations


Permitted
grape
varietals
 Quality
marques
from
leading
 Contribution
of
each
varietal



Soils
 producers
 Amounts
of
Dosage
in
different
styles

Champagne

 Production
method
 Coteaux
Champenois
wines
 Bottling
terms

Styles
 Single
vineyard
Champagnes

Qualities
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Labelling
terms
 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Bottle
sizes
 Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations




 Alternative
methods
of
production
 Wines
&
grape
varietals
used
in
 Qualities
of

major
sparkling
wines
eg


 Terms
used
to
denote
Traditional
 principal
sparkling
wines
produced
in
 DOCG


DO
etc


 method
of
production
in
other
countries
 Major
wine
countries
 Traditional
production
methods


 Alternate
Appellations
for
sparkling
 Eg
Methode
Dieoise
,
Methode

Sparkling
 wines
–
Cremant

Cava
etc
 Ancestrale


Principal
sparkling
wines
of

other
 Latest
developments
&
updates

wines

European
countries
 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations









 
 Climatic
influences
 Principal
wines
from:
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific


 Principal
soil
types

 Coteaux
de
Layon,

 Smaller
AC’s
of
the
Loire
&
Loir
&
wines

Districts
&
sub
districts
of
the
region
 Savennieres
 produced



Principal
grape
varietals
&
wines
 Central
Vineyards
 Eg

St
Pourçain
,Cheverny,
Orleans

etc


 produced
from
them
 Anjou
‐
Saumur
 Soil
types
in
Sancerre
/
Pouilly

Loire
 Styles
of
wine
 Touraine
 Villages
in
Layon

Principal
AC’s
 VDQS
wines
of
the
Loire

Labelling
Terms

 Latest
developments
&
updates


 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Principal
estates
in
Chateuneuf
du
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific


 Districts
&
sub
districts
of
the
region
 Pape
 Cotes
du
Rhone
village
names

Principal
grape
varietals
&
wines
 VDL
&
VDN
wines
produced
in
region
 Permitted
Grape
blends
for
principal




produced
from
them
 &
grapes
used
 AC’s


 Blends
of
grapes
 AOC’s
of
S
Rhone
varietals
&
styles
 Smaller
Rhone
AC’s
eg
Cotes
de

Rhône
Valley
 Styles
of
wine
 Tricastin,
Cotes
de
Luberon
etc

Principal
AC’s
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Labelling
Terms

 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

VDN
VDL
wine
production
 Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 In
depth
knowledge
of
wines
of

 Jura
–
varietals
wines
and
production


 Principal
wines
of
:
Provence,
 Bergerac,
Monbazillac,
Pecharment
 techniques
of
Vin
Jaune
/
Vin
de
Paille

Languedoc,
Roussillon,
Bergerac
,
 Fitou,
Cahors,
Madiran,
Corbieres
 Savoie
,
wines
and
varietals



Madiran
&
Cahors
 Provence
&
sub
regions
Varietals
/
 Languedoc
Major
&
minor
AC’s
and


 Varietals
used
in
principal
wines
and
 blends
 varietal
/
styles
of
wine

South
of
 styles
/
qualities
of
wines
produced
 Vin
de
Pays
areas
of
S
France
 Roussillon,
Gaillac,
Bearn,
Jurancon,

France
 VDN
&
VDL
wines
of
S
France
 Irouleguy,

Importance
of
Vin
de
Pays
in
S
France
 Bergerac
&
AC’s
within


 Latest
developments
&
updates

Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 
Specific
ageing
requirements
for
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific

 
 Quality
structure
for
Spain

Vinos
de
la
 Rioja
wines
 Names
/
locations

of
Vinos
de
Pagos


 Tierra,
DO
DOCa
Vinos
de
Pagos
etc
 DOCa’s
of
Spain
 Sub
regions
of

Rias
Baixas,
Navarra,

Wine
districts
of
Spain
&
location
 Penedes

Priorat
(Vino
de
Pueblo)



Principal
varietals
and
synonyms
of
 Smaller
districts
in
S
Spain



 Tempranillo
 Latest
developments
&
updates


 Wine
aging
regime
&
terms
 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Spain
 Principal
wines
of
main
wine
districts

 Characteristics
of
the
wines

Rias
Baixas,
Navarra,
Rioja,
Toro,
Ribera
 Vintages‐
Characteristics

del
Duero,
Penedes
Rueda,
Priorat
 Wine
&
food
recommendations

Valdepenas

Styles
of
wine
and
varietals
used

Cava
wine
production

Labelling
terms








 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Grape
varietals
used
to
produce
 Garrafeira
wines


 Quality
structure

 principal
wines
 Minho
sub
districts


 Wine
producing
districts
–
VR
&
DOC
 Douro,
Bairrada,
Dao,
Vinho
Verde,
 Transmontano
VR–

DOC’s


 Location
of
districts
 Setubal
 Duriense
VR

‐Douro
classification
&


 Principal
grape
varietals
 Ageing
terms
&
Regime
 terms


 Wines
&
production
in
:
Dao,
Vinho
 Beiras
VR
–
DOC’s

verde,
Douro,
Bairrada,
Alentejo,
Colares
 Lisboa
VR
–
DOC’s



Setúbal
 Alentejo
VR
–
DOC’s

Portugal
 Wine
labelling
terms
 Tejo
VR
&
Subdistricts


 
 Terras
do
Sado

VR
&
districts


 Algarve
VR
–
DOC’s


 Açores
VR

Madeira

Latest
developments
&
updates

Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations






 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 DOCG’s
in
each
region
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific

 
 Quality
structure

IGT,
DOC,
DOCG
 Ageing
requirements
and
specified
 Production
techniques
of
principal


 Wine
producing
districts
&
location
 terms
eg
Riserva,
‐
Superiore,
for
 wines
–
Varietals
/
blends,

ageing


 Principal
grape
varietals
and
regions

 principal
red
wines.
Barolo,
 requirements


 Principal
wines

of
each
region
and
 Barbaresco,
Chianti
Vino
Nobile,

 Wines
from
smaller
areas:
Liguria,Fruili,


 varietals
used
in
production
 Brunello
di
Montalcino
 Trentino,
Marches,
Umbria,
Lazio,

Production
methods
–
Recioto,
Ripasso
 Campania,
Basilicata,
Apulia,
Abbruzo.

Italy

Amarone,
Vin
Santo
 Molise,
Sicilia
&
Islands,
Sardinia



Labelling
terms
 Varietals
from
Southern
Italy

Prosecco

 Latest
developments
&
updates


 Factors
affecting
climate
–
specific

Characteristics
of
the
wines

Vintages‐
Characteristics

Wine
&
food
recommendations


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Location
of

principal
wine
villages
 Climatic
influences
‐
specific


 German
quality
structure
QbA
,
QmP
 and

the
appropriate
anbaugebeit
 In
depth
study
of
all
anbaugebeit



 Anbaugebeit

&
location

 
Labelling
terms:
Classic,
Selection
 Quality
structure

AP
no.



 Effects
of
climatic
conditions
on
wine

 Erste
Lage,
Grosse
Gewachs

 Landwein
nomenclature


 Production
terms
Einzellage,
Grosslage,
 VDP
grading
of
wines
&
approved


 Bereich,
Ortswein,


Sekt
 varietals

Terms
indicating
estate
bottling
 Vine
crossings

Germany

Principal
grape
varietals
 Required
sugar
levels

(Oechsle)
for

Notable
wine
villages
in
the
districts
of
 QmP
grades

Mosel,
Rheingau,
Pfalz
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Soil
structures,
Mosel,
Rheingau

Labelling
terms
Trocken,
Halbtrocken,


Introduction
to
VDP
structure
&
terms


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 DAC
districts
 Approved
varietals
in

DAC
regions


 Austrian
quality
structure
Qba
&
QmP
 Latest
developments
&
updates


Define
Ausbruch
/
Strohwein



Production
regions

Austria
 DAC
quality
structure
&
levels

Wachau
quality
wine
terms

Principal
grape
varietals
&
production

districts
where
best
grown

Botrytis
wine
production

Labelling
terms


 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Dessert
wine
production

 Detailed
knowledge
of
Production
areas

 
 Quality
structure
for
quality
wines
 and
grape
varietals
used


 Principal
regions
 Techniques
of
production
unique
to

Greece
 Grape
varietals
 Greece

(Retsina,

Training
of
vines
–

Principal
wines

‐
Naoussa,
Cotes
de
 Santorini

Meliton,
Nemea,
Mantinia,
Patras,
Samos
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Santorini

Labelling
terms


 Production
of
Tokaji
wines
 
 Wine
producing
districts
and
principal

Eastern
 Grape
varietals
 wines
produced
in

Europe
 Qualities
of
Tokaji
 Bulgaria,
Romania,
Slovenia

Grape
varietals
&
native
vines

Latest
developments
&
updates


 
 Principal
areas
of
production
and
 Quality
structure
of
Swiss
wines


 varietals
used

‐
Lake
Geneva,
+
sub
 ConfidenCiel


 districts,
‐

Neuchatel,

Rhone
valley
 Smaller
Areas
of
Production

&
Wines


 Zurich,

Schaffhausen
,
Ticino

Bundner
Herrschaft,



Switzerland

Grape
varietals
used


Latest
developments
&
updates










 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Zones
 Production
&
Blending
regimes


 Wine
producing
states
and
production
 Regions

 Tasmania
wine
districts

regions
 
 Sub
regions
within
wine
zones



Quality
framework
&
categories
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Australia
 Grape
varietals
associated
with

particular
regions
of
production

Wine
Zones,
Regions,


SE
Australia
Super
zone














 Climate
&
Soils
 Appellations
–
N/
S
Island
 Sub
districts
of
wine
regions


 Wine
producing
regions
 
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Grape
varietals
associated
with

New
Zealand

particular
regions
of
production






 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 AVAs
associated
with:
Sonoma,
Napa,
 Climatic
influences

‐
specific


 AVA
principles
 Monterey,
Santa
Barbara
 Ontario
wine
regulations
(VQA)
(DVA)

Climatic
conditions
West
Coast
 Wine
producing
regions
of
Canada
&



Principal
wine
districts
of
California
&
 sub
‐districts
of
the
Ontario
area&


 varietals
associated
with
these
areas
 Niagra
peninsula
,
British
Columbia
–


 Napa,
Sonoma,
San
Francisco
Bay
area,
 sub
regions

United
States
 Monterey,
Santa
Barbara
&
Paso
Robles
 Principal
varietal
of
Canadian
areas

&
 Principal
wine
districts
of
Oregon
&
 Ice
Wine
production

Canada
 Washington,
varietals
produced
–
 

Willamette,

Colombia
&
Walla
‐Walla
 Labelling
regulations
–
USA

Principal
wine
districts
of
Washington
 Appellation
system

Colombia
Valley,
Walla
–
Walla,
Puget
 AVAs
of
California
(by
district)

Sound,
Yakima
Valley
 Smaller
regions
of
California
–

Climate
related
to
topography
 Mendocino,
Lake,
Livermore,
St
Luis

Principal
wine
districts
of

New
York
 Obispo,
San
Joaquim,
South
Coast,

state

Finger
lakes
&
Long
island
 Central
valley,
Sierra
Foothills


 Major
producers
in
each
district
&


 varietals
produced

All
AVA’s
of
Washington
–
Oregon


Major
producers
&
varietals
grown

AVA
of
New
York
State
–
Finger
lakes,

Hudson
Valley
N
Fork
Long
Island
,

Hamptons

Latest
developments
&
updates

















 
 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Sub
districts
of

Chilean
wine
regions
 Uruguay
–

VCP
Labelling
regulations
&


 Climate
of
S
America
&
Topograhical
 Sub
districts
of
Mendoza

 terms

influences
(Andes
–
Pacific)
 Argentinian
native
varietals
 
Regions

&
Varietals



Chile
Wine
laws
 
 Brazil
–
District
of
production
&

South
 5
Wine
regions
of
Chile
&
sub
districts
 Varietals

America
 Key
districts
–
Casablanca,
Maipo,
Rapel
 Mexico
–
Districts
of
production
&

Principal
varietals
of
Chile
 varietals

Argentina
‐

Regions.

&
varietals
 Latest
developments
&
updates

produced

 




 Climatic
influences
‐
basic
 Districts
within
major
wine
regions
 Districts
outside
WO
areas


 Wine
law
&
labelling
regulations
(WO)
 Coastal,
Breede
River
 Wards
of
principal
districts
–

Climate
&
soils

 Labelling
terms
Cape
Classique,
Cape
 Stellenbosch,
Paarl,
Walker
Bay,
Olifants



Structure
of

wine
production
‐

3
 blend
 river,
Klein
Karoo


 Geographical
units
5
Regions
–
Districts
 Principal
wines
produced

South
Africa
 Wards
,
Estates
 Latest
developments
&
updates

Principal
wine
regions
of
the
Western

Cape
.
Stellenbosch,
Franschoek,
Paarl,

Constantia,
Walker
Bay,
Elgin

Varietals

associated
with
production

areas




 Sherry
–
Location,
Soils,
varietals,
 VOS

VORS
designations
 Sherry
Pagos

(Finos)


 Production
methods,
Wine
types
 
 Detailled
production
techniques
–


 
 fortification
,
sweetening,
colouring
etc




 
 Sherry
styles
&
Ageing
designations


 Port
–
Douro
region
and
production
 Port
sub
districts
 

Fortified
 centres
 
 Port

Viticulture
&
Vinification

wines
 Soils
 Recent
Port
vintages
 Vineyard
rating
system

Permitted
varietals
 
 Single
quintas
of
major
Port
houses

Production
methods
 
 Principal
vintages
1970
–
to
date

Port

types
ageing
&
qualities

 
 


 
 


 
 


 


 


 

 Madeira
‐

Topography
&
climate
 Madeira
producers

Soils
 Key
styles
:

3,
5,10,
15
year,
Fresqueira,

Permitted
varietals
 Colheita

Production
methods
 

Madeira
styles
 Other
Fortified
wines:
(Production

details
of:

Malaga

Aromatised
wines
eg.
Vermouths

Vin
de
Liqueurs
–
Floc,
Ratafia,

Pineau
de
Charente

Vin
Doux
naturels
ACs
and
types

Moscatel
de
Setúbal

Montilla
Morilles

Australian
Muscats




 Principals
of
distillation
 Identify
specific
spirit
types
eg

 Production
/
qualities
of


 Methods
of
production
and
qualities
of
 Islay
whisky
 Flavoured
spirits:

Pastis,
Ouzo,
Raki

the
following
products
 Fine
Champagne
 Akvavit,




Scotch
Whisky
(Malt
–
blended)
 Armagnac
 Flavoured
vodkas


 Irish
Whisky
 


 US
Whisky
types
 Fruit
‐
eaux
de
vie

Spirits
 Cognac
–
Qualities
,
blending
&
ageing
 Marc‐
Grappa

Armagnac
‐
Qualities,
blending
&
ageing
 Mezcals

Calvados
‐
Qualities
,
blending
&
ageing
 

Tequila
–

 

Gin

Vodka
–


Terms
used
in
production
of
each
of
the

above

















 
 Principals
of
liqueur
production
 Knowledge
of
liqueurs
by
type
colour
 Knowledge
of
liqueurs
by
type
colour
&


 Extraction
of
flavours
 &
flavour
 flavour

Terms
used
:

Triple
sec,
Compounding
 Fruit
 Fruit



Service
terms
:
Frappe
etc.
 Citrus
 Citrus

Liqueurs
 Herb
–
single
&
compounded
 Herb
–
single
&
compounded

Bean
&
Nut
 Bean
&
Nut

Flower
 Flower

Non
classified
 Non
classified

Ability
to
recommend
 Ability
to
recommend


 Climatic
influences
–
basic
 Terms:
Passerillage
 Climatic
influences
–
specific


 Basic
principals
of
viticulture
 














Veraison
 Viticultural
terms
.
Buttage

Effects
of
climate
aspect,
planting
 
















 Cryptogamic
diseses
and
the
effect
on



regimes
 production.
eg
Dead
arm,
Pierces


 Terroir
 disease
Eutypiose

Viticulture
 Vine
types:
V
Vinefera,
Labrusca
etc
 Pest
problems


‐
Insect
pests
&

Crossings,
Clones,
Hybrids
 caterpillar
infestations

Grafting
principles
 Degree
days

Training
styles
and
effect
 

Life
cycle
of
vineyard

Harvesting
–
Botrytis
etc


 Alcoholic
fermentation
principles
&
Practice
 Vinification
terms
eg.
Battonage,


Terms:
Chaptalisation

(where
practiced
&
forbidden
 


 Pressing

practice

Terms

used
.
Vin
de
presse
Rebeche,
Vin
de
Gout
etc
 Racking
&
Fining
agents
and
how
used

Maceration
carboniqe
practice
 Wine
ailments

‐
TCA

Volatile
acidity,


 Malo
lactic
fermentation,



Sur
lie
 oxidation

Vinification
 Effects
of
oak
–
regimes

Tartrates


 



















 
 Beer
production‐
ingredients,

‐
methods



define
equipment,
used,
Mash
tun,
 Food
&
Beer
Pairing


 Copper,
etc
 Beer
types

Terms
used
:
Wort
(Sweet
–
Bitter)
Liquor,

 



Beer
types:
Ales,
Lager,
Stout
,Porter
Weissbier,
Fruit
beers

Beer
&
Cider
 Conditioning
practice
.
‐
Pasteurisation
(Keg,
bottle
Can)

Cask
conditioning
–

terms:
Venting,
tapping,
Stillage,
etc



Cider
production‐
Definition

Apple
types,
use
of
pears,

Traditional
production

methods
vs

commercial
practice

Cider
types
.





 
Introduction
‐
Production
,
Labelling
terms

 Saké
production
Terms
used
in

Saké
 production


Saké
types
and
quality
levels


 Basics
of
food
and
wine
pairing
 Match
specific
wines
to
dishes
giving


 Knowledge
of
varietal
characteristics

and
effects
which
are
man
made
ie
.Malo
‐ reasoned
choice
and
producers/best

lactic,
Oak,

 vintages

Food
&
Wine

Principles

of
food
wine
pairing

pairing
 Effects
of
cooking
on
food
flavours

Effects
of
strong
flavours
and
hard
to
pair
foods
.ie
Vinegar,
Chilli,
Chocolate,

Caramel

Match
specific

wines
to
dishes

giving
reasons
for
choice