A report submitted to the

Department of Translation ,
College of languages
University of Duhok

Student name : Omed Tahseen Dakhaz

Moodle Email : omedrekani0751@gmail.com

Year : 1st

Course: Human Right.

Course code : LTE1205

Instructor: Diler Ismail Ahmad

Date: 2/7/2020

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Contents
Introduction: ....................................................................................................... 3

Structure and Content: ........................................................................................ 5

The Declaration consists of a preamble and thirty articles: .............................. 5

Articles 3–5 .................................................................................................. 6

Articles 6–11 ................................................................................................ 6

Articles 12–17 .............................................................................................. 6

Articles 18–21 .............................................................................................. 6

Articles 22–27 .............................................................................................. 6

Articles 28–30 .............................................................................................. 6

What does the Universal Declaration say?....................................................... 7

Recommendations .............................................................................................. 8

Refrences: .......................................................................................................... 9

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Introduction:

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted
by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as
Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the
United Nations, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote.
The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not
legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties,
economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws.
The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of
Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient
number of countries had ratified them.
Some legal scholars have argued that because countries have constantly invoked the
Declaration for more than 50 years, it has become binding as a part of customary international
law. However, in the United States, the Supreme Court in Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain (2004),
concluded that the Declaration "does not of its own force impose obligations as a matter of
international law.] Courts of other countries have also concluded that the Declaration is not in
and of itself part of domestic law.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( is a milestone
document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and
cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the
United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly
resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It
sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted
by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as
Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the
United Nations, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote.
The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not
legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties,
economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws.
The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of
Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient
number of countries had ratified them.

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Some legal scholars have argued that because countries have constantly invoked the
Declaration for more than 50 years, it has become binding as a part of customary international
law. However, in the United States, the Supreme Court in Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain (2004),
concluded that the Declaration "does not of its own force impose obligations as a matter of
international law.] Courts of other countries have also concluded that the Declaration is not in
and of itself part of domestic law.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( is a milestone document in the history of
human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from
all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General
Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common
standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time,
fundamental human rights to be universally protected .

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Structure and Content:

The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was introduced in its second draft,
which was prepared by René Cassin. Cassin worked from a first draft, which was prepared by
John Peters Humphrey. The structure was influenced by the Code Napoléon, including a
preamble and introductory general principles.[6] Cassin compared the Declaration to the
portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns, and a pediment.

The Declaration consists of a preamble and thirty articles:

The preamble sets out the historical and social causes that led to the necessity of drafting the
Declaration.
The UDHR comprises 30 articles that contain a comprehensive listing of key civil, political,
economic, social, and cultural rights. Articles 3 through 21 outline civil and political rights,
which include the right against torture, the right to an effective remedy for human rights
violations, and the right to take part in government. Articles 22 through 27 detail economic,
social, and cultural rights, such as the right to work, the right to form and to join trade unions,
and the right to participate freely in the cultural life of the community. The latter right relates
to everyone’s entitlement to be directly involved in and appreciative of the arts, and it is
clearly linked to the full development of one’s own personality (which, in accordance with
article 26, constitutes one of the goals of the right to education). Because of the ideological
fissures caused by the Cold War and the concomitant failure to develop a legally binding
international human rights instrument, it became common to view civil and political rights
independently of economic, social, and cultural rights, though this is a misinterpretation of
both the letter and the spirit of the document. For example, it is impossible for a society to
fulfill its commitment to the right to education (Article 26) without taking seriously its
commitment to the right to seek, receive, and impart information (Article 19). Likewise, it is
difficult to envisage the realization of the right to form and to join trade unions (Article 23)
without a commensurate realization of the right to peaceful assembly and association (Article
20). Yet, these obvious linkages were obscured by the selective use of human rights norms by
the main adversaries in the Cold War. The selectivity served to highlight what each side
considered as its respective strength vis-à-vis the other: the terrain of civil and political rights

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for the Western bloc and the terrain of economic, social, and cultural rights for the Eastern
bloc.
The indivisibility of human rights in Article 28—which many consider the most forward-
looking article of the UDHR, though it has been one of the least-studied—links all the
enumerated rights and freedoms by entitling everyone to “a social and international order in
which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.” By pointing
to a global order different from that found in the contemporary world, this article is indicative,
more than any other in the declaration, that the protection of human rights in its totality could
transform the world and that such a future global order would incorporate the norms found in
the UDHR. Ostensibly,
The UDHR’s provisions highlight the interrelated and interdependent nature of different
categories of human rights as well as the need for global cooperation and assistance to realize
.Articles 1–2 established the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality.
Articles 3–5 established other individual rights, such as the right to life and the prohibition of
slavery and torture.
Articles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for
their defence when violated.
Articles 12–17 established the rights of the individual towards the community (including such
things as freedom of movement).
Articles 18–21 sanctioned the so-called "constitutional liberties", and with spiritual, public,
and political freedoms, such as freedom of thought, opinion, religion and conscience, word,
and peaceful association of the individual.
Articles 22–27 sanctioned an individual's economic, social and cultural rights, including
healthcare. Article 25 states: "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the
health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services." It also makes additional accommodations for
security in case of physical debilitation or disability, and makes special mention of care given
to those in motherhood or childhood.
Articles 28–30 established the general ways of using these rights, the areas in which these
rights of the individual can not be applied, and that they can not be overcome against the
individual.
These articles are concerned with the duty of the individual to society and the prohibition of
use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations Organisation. The
declaration’s drafting process was marked by a series of debates on a range of issues,
including the meaning of human dignity, the importance of contextual factors (especially
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cultural) in the determination of the content and range of rights, the relationship of the
individual to the state and to society, the potential challenges to the sovereign prerogatives of
member states, the connection between rights and responsibilities, and the role of spiritual
values in individual and societal welfare. The onset of the Cold War between the United
States and the Soviet Union and the resulting deterioration of the global political climate led
to sharp ideological exchanges on comparative assessments of the human rights situations in
the Soviet-bloc countries and in countries under colonial rule. The disagreements underlying
these exchanges eventually resulted in the abandonment of a plan for an international bill of
rights, though they did not derail efforts to develop a nonbinding human rights declaration.
The UDHR comprises 30 articles that contain a comprehensive listing of key civil, political,
economic, social, and cultural rights. Articles 3 through 21 outline civil and political rights,
which include the right against torture, the right to an effective remedy for human rights

What does the Universal Declaration say?

The Universal Declaration begins by recognising that ‘the inherent dignity of all members of
the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world’.
It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they
are or where they live., The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the
right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural
rights, like the right to social security, health and education.

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Recommendations

1. Through ratification of international human rights treaties, governments undertake to

put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible with their treaty
obligations and duties.
2. Universal human rights should be applied to all persons without distinction of any
kind: we are all human beings, so we are all entitled to enjoy these rights.

3. Should be protect human life, liberty, etc.

4. Should be maintain social justice
5. Should be control human rights violations.
6. Should be regulate the treatment of internees Proper funeral for killed soldiers and
civilians To access basic and medical facilities.

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Refrences:

https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights