Professional Documents
Culture Documents
building engineering
WHO WE ARE
building engineering
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
System Design Temperature Distribution in the Rainscreen System [degC]
Reference values for U-value
Bracket detail
calculation
Tout
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
0.0 °C
External Temperature
20.0 °C
Internal Temperature
Thermal Conductivity of Materials
GRC 0.75 W/mk
Structural Steel 44.5 W/mk
Qtot Stainless Steel 16.2 W/mk
Tin Insulation 0.041 W/mK
Thermal Break Plate 0.187 W/mK
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Concrete 1.8 W/mK
[degC]
01 Mesh Model
Model of the Connection (Mesh and Load Cases) - First Principal Stress [MPa]
Shear Test Section 1 - Only GRC
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Pull Test
Shear Test
02 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
building engineering
KAFD METRO STATION - PROJECT OVERVIEW
Project Location Riyadh KAFD District
Tropic of Cancer
23.5º N
Latitude: 24.70 N
Longitude: 46.73 E
≈ 200 m
Max. Annual Temperature: 46.2 degC
Altitude: 620 m
building engineering
INTEGRATED SKIN
Geometry Analysis Systems Design Stage 3. External Cladding
ES.01.01
UHPC Panel
ES.50.01
Opaque Insulated
Composite Panel
ES.60.01
Primary Fixing Bracket
for Composite Panel
ES.01.02
ES.01.01
ES.10.01
ES.50.01
ES.50.01
ES.50.02
External Cladding Panels
ES.60.01
building engineering
CLIMATE BASED ANALYSIS
Annual radiation map
[kWh/m2]
0 385 770
[kWh/m2]
Monthly average direct normal radiation [Wh/m2] Percentage of the sunlight hours grouped according to solar altitude [% hours]
700 660 20.00%
634
611
600 578
532 538
591 584 563 Riyadh Ebn,annual average 18.00% 17.40%
Riyadh 44.8 %
505 521 16.00% 16.10%
500 478 of sunlight hours present a solar
400
566 W/m2 14.00%
12.00%
13.20% 12.60% 13.30% altitude bigger than 40°
10.00% 9.60%
300
London Ebn,annual average 8.00% 8.50%
7.10%
London 22.6 %
200 6.00%
of sunlight hours present a solar
100 246 W/m 2 4.00%
2.40%
altitude bigger than 40°
2.00%
0 0.00%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0°-10° 10°-20° 20°-30° 30°-40° 40°-50° 50°-60° 60°-70° 70°-80° 80°-90°
building engineering
“PODIUM” SHADING STRATEGIES
0 385 770
[kWh/m2]
building engineering
FRIT ASSESSMENT - SOUTH AREA
Most unfavourable area Radiation map [Wh/m2] Frit pattern
0 385 770
125
250
≥ 250 h
Potential for Glare
(Overlit Areas)
building engineering
INTERNAL SHADOWS AND ILLUMINANCE STUDIES
21st of June View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern Most unfavourable area
Lux
9:00
1
12:00
Results
azimuth 224.3° / altitude 88.7°
June
Lux Morning Noon Afternoon
15:00
building engineering
INTERNAL SHADOWS AND ILLUMINANCE STUDIES
21st of September View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern Most unfavourable area
Lux
9:00
1
12:00
Results
azimuth 187.9° / altitude 65.9°
September
Lux Morning Noon Afternoon
June
15:00
building engineering
INTERNAL SHADOWS AND ILLUMINANCE STUDIES
21st of December View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern Most unfavourable area
Lux
9:00
1
12:00
Results
azimuth 182.4° / altitude 42.1°
December
Lux Morning Noon Afternoon
September
15:00
June
building engineering
INTERNAL SHADOWS AND ILLUMINANCE STUDIES
21st of March View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern Most unfavourable area
Lux
9:00
1
12:00
Results
azimuth 179.2° / altitude 66.0°
March
Lux Morning Noon Afternoon
December
15:00
September
June
azimuth 247.9° / altitude 40.6°
building engineering
LOUVRES OPTIMISATION
2.50 m
Shading ratio Horizontal versus vertical shading devices Shading optimisation - horizontal devices
X=L/H X= L/H (Optimal shading ratio) X= L/H (Optimal shading ratio)
16.00 East 6.00
5.38
thk 14.00 5.00
12.00
4.00
10.00 EastEast
Façadefacade_Horizontal
H
β L Horizontal
East Façade 3.00
East facade_X = 1.31
East Façade
8.00
14.06 West East facade_Vertical
Horizontal
West Façade
West Façade
α thk 6.00 Horizontal 2.00
1.50 1.36 West facade_X = 1.50
4.00 West facade_Horizontal 1.00
1.50 1.31
1.14
5.32
2.00
1.50
West facade_Vertical 0.00
1.31
0.00 1st of Jan - 31st of Dec 1st of Mar - 30th of Sep 1st of Jun - 30th of Sep
building engineering
LOUVRES ASSESSMENT
Most unfavourable area BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES) CASE WITH LOUVRES
Improvement: +61.4 %
Circulation path
Area of interest with Area of interest with
potential risk of glare potential risk of glare
Double Glazing Unit Double Glazing
N with 40% LT Unit with 40% LT +
Horizontal louvres
125
250
≥ 250 h
Potential for Glare
(Overlit Areas)
building engineering
LOUVRES ASSESSMENT
Most unfavourable area
BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES) CASE WITH LOUVRES
Point in time glare _ 8:00
Views
Legend
[cd/m2]
Annual glare
937.5
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
02:00
06:00
10:00
500
14:00
18:00
22:00
Intolerable glare Disturbing glare Perceptible glare Imperceptible glare Intolerable glare Disturbing glare Perceptible glare Imperceptible glare
62.5 DGP ≥ 0.45 0.45≥DGP≥0.40 0.40≥DGP≥0.35 DGP ≤ 0.35 DGP ≥ 0.45 0.45≥DGP≥0.40 0.40≥DGP≥0.35 DGP ≤ 0.35
building engineering
“PODIUM” AREA
Circulation Area West Entrance
Baggage Handling Pedestrian Flow
Cerntral Circulation Space Service Entrance
Circulation Area East
Access to the Train Area
51
m
68
m
N 34
m
building engineering
BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES)
2m
6.5
m
No Risk of Glare
5m
Risk of Glare
. 5m
199
Baggage Handling
5m
14.
36.
building engineering
CASE WITH LOUVRES
X= 1.5
2.5
X= 1.0
m
X= 1.7
FRIT
X= 1.5
X= 1.5
3.4
m
Access to the train area
2.50 m
X= 0.8 X= 1.3
2.5
X= 0.8
m
No Risk of Glare
Risk of Glare
2.2
m
4.5
.5m
199
m
Baggage Handling
36.
building engineering
DIAGRID SYSTEM
4
3
1
200 mm
Initial design
CURRENT DESIGN
6
1. External cladding
3. Composite panel:
6 2 rockwool insulation
7 supported by a metal
4 3 sheet
5
4. Steel bracket
4
5. Steel primary
structure
5 6. Glazing component
7. Internal cladding
building engineering
SOLAR GAIN REDUCTION
0 385 770
[kWh/m2]
building engineering
THANK YOU QUESTIONS
building engineering