Name: Puray, Ma. Lorraine M.

BSA 1 TF (10:00-11:30 am)

Ma. Diversin Ramas

KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY OF SINGAPORE

Amid this game-changing disruption, Singapore has positioned itself as a center of innovation and
research and development at the heart of the world’s most dynamic economic region. Government
agencies such as the Economic Development Board and the Info-communications Media Development
Authority are proactively supporting companies in Singapore by equipping them with resources that can
help them realize their business goals. Within Southeast Asia, rapid urbanization and industrialization
are driving demand for solutions in areas such as e-commerce, robotics and Internet-of-things. These
include advanced manufacturing and engineering, health and biomedical sciences, urban solutions and
sustainability, services, aircraft trades, and digital economy. Singapore also supports the development of
newer sectors such as financial technology, or fintech and nanotechnology.
This are just some of the break through discoveries of Singapore through the use of nanotechnology:

Nano Glo-n-Grow
A touch of glass to boost plant growth (Veggies nearly triple in height via nanotechnology, with
poly's help)
Your eyes cannot see the difference, but to the lettuce, it's almost as clear as night and day.
Glass that looks colourless and transparent to the eye is making greenhouse vegetables - including
lettuce, coriander and rocket - grow almost thrice as tall as usual, with 40 per cent more leaf area on
average. The nanotechnology-and-glass invention came about when Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP) and
local glass-maker Singapore Safety Glass (SSG) came together a year earlier to try to improve
agricultural productivity. SSG executive director Gan Geok Chua said: "The rapid growth of
population and climate change in the world will lead to insufficient food supply in the next 10 to 20
years. We want to offer a solution that is able to help the world community...every little bit helps."Mr
Gan said his company would consider opportunities for commercialisation in one to three years' time,
when the material has undergone further research and refinement.

Nano Glo-n-Grow, as the inventors call it, maximises the available sunlight without using electricity,
and is much cheaper than current methods of enhancing plant growth in greenhouses using red and
blue LED lighting.
Water Treatment Membranes using 3D printing technology.
Nano Sun, a water technology start-up founded by a scientist from Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore (NTU Singapore), has launched a facility that relies on three-dimensional (3D)
printing to manufacture water treatment membranes. The new 3D printing plant is the culmination of a
two-decade effort by its co-founder, Associate Professor Darren Sun of NTU Singapore, to develop
and deploy his research innovations in the fields of materials science, water chemistry and advanced
manufacturing. Since 2015, the company has designed, commissioned and delivered over 15 water
treatment systems and plants to various governments and companies in Singapore, China,
Philippines and Indonesia. Unlike conventional membrane-manufacturing processes that use acids to
make polymers porous, Nano Sun 3D prints millions of nanofibers layered on top of each other, then
compresses them into a thin membrane. This results in a filter that has a faster water flow rate than
conventional membranes despite having a similar pollutant rejection rate. The membrane allows for
the construction of smaller wastewater treatment plants, thereby lowering the costs for land,
infrastructure and labor. The membrane is also more resistant to breakage and biofouling. This
means they require less maintenance and are more cost efficient. The first customers to use this
next-generation membrane will be two of the largest semiconductor multinational companies in
Singapore and a new municipal wastewater treatment plant in China, which can treat up to 20 million
liters of water per day—the equivalent of eight Olympic-sized swimming pools. Nano Sun’s managing
director and co-founder Mr. Wong Ann Chai said that the company’s current focus lies in finding the
right market applications and validating the membranes in a wide range of industrial and municipal
wastewater recovery contexts. “Now that our technology has been validated, we need to able to
provide the most cost-effective solution for our next phase of growth. The international market
demand for industrial wastewater treatment is going strong since most countries do not want to
pollute their scarce surface water and underground water resources,” said Mr. Wong.
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY OF IRELAND

 Like any successful knowledge economy, Ireland is export-oriented and is shaped by a highly
skilled workforce. It creates and uses knowledge, data and information to drive growth and
productivity, boost competitiveness and generate wealth from outside the country.
Investment tends to concentrate on R and D, and there is strong focus on innovation and
entrepreneurship, notably through close links with science and technology.
Those links extend to an active engagement with the broader education sector, especially with regard
to the promotion of STEM disciplines, since the continued development of the knowledge economy is crucially
aligned with need to attract and retain skilled labor.

CORE INDUSTRIES

Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Medical Devices

Software IT Services

Creative Content Hi-Tech Financial Services

Technology Consulting Aerospace and Transportation

Communications Computing and Electronics

Achieving Gender Equality Through AI

At the end of the day, machines relate everything back to 1s and 0s. The world is ruled by
the attraction between the genders, by Yin and Yang – two halves that come together to
make a whole and yet are also the starting point for change. Having not just two genders
equally represented in the creation of AI, but also different cultures and generations, is

crucial for the AI to make choices for and on behalf of humans where necessary.
The future needs to be more human than machine and the technology driving it needs to
be more gender equal. Otherwise, when AI grows up later this or early next century, we
may not just get a terrible toddler, but one that lacks the empathy, creativity, and holistic
thinking needed to achieve harmony and peace between humans and machines.X
The next frontier in the tech world, which will dominate it for decades to come, is Artificial
Intelligence (AI). The purpose of this article is to stress the importance of gender-balanced
AI. If we create male-dominated AI, not only will it fail to achieve its full potential, it will hurt
us as the human species.
Keytruda, the miraculous immunotherapy drug that cuts the death risk for
lung cancer patients in half, will be made at an Irish Merk/MSD plant that
was previously to be closed and sold. 
A ground-breaking immunotherapy cancer drug from Merk is selling so well that the pharmaceutical
giant is back-tracking on plans to sell their Dublin manufacturing site, with an eye towards creating
350 new jobs instead. 
Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) is a humanized antibody used in cancer immunotherapy, often in
conjunction with chemotherapy. A study published just this week concluded that adding Keytruda to
the standard chemotherapy treatment plan of adults with lung cancer slashed the odds that they
would die in half. 

In another recent trial, doctors found that treating patients with Keytruda before surgery greatly
increased their odds of survival and added years to their lives, stopping the spread of cancer and
directly targeting the cancerous cells. It is also used as a treatment option for malignant melanoma. 

“I have never seen progress move so fast. . . The results today are really a paradigm shift. They will
mean more lung cancer patients getting immunotherapy up front,” Dr. Dr. Roy Herbst, a lung cancer
specialist at Yale Cancer Center who was not involved in the studies .
Scientists at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) have
developed a mathematical method to determine whether chemotherapy will
work on an aggressive form of breast cancer - potentially saving many
women from its debilitating side effects.
In a major breast cancer research breakthrough, the Irish-led study may eventually lead to more
targeted treatments for all forms of breast cancer.

According to RTE news, the RCSI test also “raised the possibility that a new drug for leukemia could
be used to make chemotherapy more effective at killing triple negative breast cancer cells.”

Triple negative breast cancer occurs in over 250 people a year in Ireland, particularly young women.
Other forms of breast cancer, which are fueled by the hormones estrogen or progesterone, or HER2
receptors, are considered easier to treat.

The test was created in an effort to determine whether traditional chemotherapy will work on triple
negative breast cancer cells. An informative testing system will allow patients to avoid going down the
traditional chemotherapy route unnecessarily.

The test would also lead to more targeted and effective treatments in the long run.

The RCSI researchers, funded by the Irish Cancer Society, have used a complex mathematical
formulas based on a very specific set of proteins that regulate cell death.

According to RTE’s Science & Technology Correspondent, Will Goodbody, the test model analyses
the protein concentration as well as other information about how it interacts with other proteins to
determine if chemotherapy will be useful.