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The Impact of Computer Technology On Acc
The Impact of Computer Technology On Acc
Employment
PROPOSAL
effect on employment.
The problem, purpose and significance of the study to
application:
1) General Accounts
2) Inventory and
3) Payroll
Consequently, the researcher will use primary
grows.
in employment.
The problem, purpose and significance of the study to
1) General accounts
2) Inventory and
3) Payroll
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
List of figures
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
Chapter two
Nigeria
employment.
Chapter three
Chapter four
Chapter five
recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix
a. Survey questionnaire
b. Interview questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
making.
Today, as company and educational operations expand in
unemployment.
Some of the business operations to which computer has
- Payroll system.
- Billing system.
WAEC.
- Control inventories.
- On drawing boards.
changes in organizations.
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
A.G. Leventis (Nigeria) PLC was incorporated in 1958.
PLC.
organizations.
Nigeria today.
The study will also attempt to find out the efficiency and
better study.
of the study:-
1. Has computer introduction had any impact on
accounting system?
more efficient?
Road, Enugu.
etc.
IMPACT – Effect
REFERENCES
2. Ibid, pp.32 - 34
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid,
6. Ibid
7. D.C. Chukwu Effective computerization an
unpublished lecture Handout in Cs 604 at the
Enugu state university of science and technology
(Esut, 1992, p.187)
8. Dr. D.M. Akinnusi, “Technological changes in
development Economics: A study of the Application
of computer technology in Nigeria in management
in Nigeria, vol 27 No 3, June 1991, P.46.
9. Ibid, p. 46.
10. Daily champion, Thursday June 13th 1991, p.7
11. The Guardian, Sunday, March 25th, 1990 P.8.
12. John Moss, foundations of programming input T –
Nine limited, London 1978, P.124.
13. Ibid Pp, 126 – 127.
14. K.C Agbasi, introduction to computer science and
programming, ABIC Books and Equip Limited, P.10,
1992.
15. H.D. Cliffton, choosing and using computer
business books London, 1975, P.185.
16. Ibid P.179.
17. Op Cit.
18. The Lexican Webster Dictionary, Mario Pel,
published by Delair publishing company,
Incorporation, U.S.A, 1980, p. 481.
CHAPTER TWO
working life in the past twenty five years has been the
- Long linked
- Meditating and
- Intensive
LONG LINKED
A set of linked interdependent tasks or operations
MEDIATING TECHNOLOGY
so on.4
INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
function of managers.6
of technology.7
application:-
social development.
TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA
According to D.M. Akinnusi, the introduction of computer
considerably.12.
TABLE “A”
Number Percentage
%
Service industry 390 48.4
Computer vendors 162 20.1
Manufacturing 116 14.3
Government 50 6.2
Petroleum 38 3.6
Construction 28 3.4
Others 25 3.0
TOTAL 805 100
Directory: 2000
their system.13
At every state, there are information about the inputs,
Sales
Report Functional
Report Marketing
format level
format
Finance
Strategic Strategic
Report level
Fig. 1
May/June, 2001.
90 days.
Customers signature
Approved by;
STEP 2/3
Date
Deposit or credit
C. Overhead - % of A + B.
D. Total Cost of production ------- Delivery date ------
STEP 4
DATE
PROCESS STORES
COMPUTER
SYSTEM.
BAC
K UP
TO TO TO TO TO TO
A/C INVENTORY PAYROLL FINANCE OTHER PRODUCT LINE
ACTIVITY
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
INFORMATION SYSTEM
ADD TO RE-ORDER
ITEM COUNT
No Stock in
hand Re-
Order level
PRINT DETAILS OF
THE ITEM
No Yes
End of stock
records?
Print Re-order
item count
STOP
Fig 3
country to another.19.
how.20.
Though there are other implications, which are quite
CHANGES
a. Willingly acceptance;
b. Opposition,
change), and
opposing change.22.
ON EMPLOYEES (HUMAN).
1. Employment implications
2. Occupational implications
3. Wage implications.
B OCCUPATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
1. Change in occupational requirement Skill-mix, de-skilling.
2. Change in occupational conditions Physical condition at work.
3. Changes in social interaction Job satisfaction
C WAGES IMPLICATION
1 Implication on wage level. Wages negotiation
2. Implication on waged payment Wage differentials.
systems.
APPLICATION TO EMPLOYMENT
come so low.
the work force is divided between the few highly paid, and
REFERENCES
CHAPTER THREE
as follows:
consistency.
= formular
n = Sample size
N = Population (214)
e = Margin of error (usually selected by the
researcher is 8%)
n = 214
1+(214)(0.022)
= 214
2.3696 = 90.
a. Primary sources
b. Secondary sources
A. PRIMARY SOURCES
The survey research method was used for collection of
i. I.M.T library.
and Associates.
Accounting system?
job easier?
more efficient?
testing hypothesis.
REFERENCES
CHAPTER FOUR
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Enugu.
As at date, A.G. Leventis and Co. Plc involvement with
TABLE 1
Leventis Micro
First school leaving
certificate 6 3 9 10.00
WASC 23 10 33 36.67
Post secondary
qualification 11 6 17 18.89
University Degree
bee working for the company for less than three (3) years.
Table 111
phenomenon.
Leventis Micro
Billing 00 00 00 00
General account 25 14 39 43.33
Inventory 20 12 32 35.56
Invoicing 00 00 00 0.00
Payroll 14 5 19 21.11
Total 59 31 90 100
invoicing as well.
TABLE VI
JOB AREAS
PAST
had no ideas.
TABLE VIII(a)
RETRENCHMENT/LAYOFF
LAY-OFF EXERCISE.
(F) no of staff
affected (FX).
0–5 13 3 39
6 – 10 16 8 128
11 – 15 6 13 78
16 – 20 3 18 54
Over 20 1 23 23
Total 39 65 322
recent past.
Table Viii(b) reveals that the affected number is about
TABLE IX
TABLE X
OCCURRED
table x.
TABLE XI
ANY RE-TRAINING OF EXISTING STAFF.
TABLE XII
TABLE XIII
COMPUTER
TABLE XIV
belief that not less than five new workers were employed
TABLE XIV(a)
computer introduction.
2001.
operators.
TABLE XV
2002 2 5 15 10 5 4 9 5 55
2003 2 4 13 11 6 2 11 5 54
2004 4 6 11 13 8 3 10 7 62
square x2 distribution.
HYPOTHESIS I
Problem
imply unemployment.
implied unemployment.
To satisfactorily test the above hypothesis, a contingency
X2 = ∑(O – e)2
e
where O = Observed frequency
e= Expected frequency
= (R – 1)(c – 1)
where R = No of row.
C = No of columns.
d.f. = (3 – 1)(3-1) = 4
Grand total
C11 = 39 x 33
85 = 15.14
C12 = 39 x 20
85 = 9.18
C13 = 39 x 32
85 = 14.68
C21 = 26 x 33
85 = 10.09
C22 = 26 x 33
85 = 6.12
C23 = 26 x 32
85 = 9.78
C24 = 20 x 33
85 = 7.76
C32 = 20 x 20
85 = 4.71
C33 = 20 x 32
85 = 7.53
Cell O e (O – e) (O – e)
e
C11 12 15.14 3.14 0.65
C12 8 9.18 1.18 0.15
C13 19 14.68 4.32 1.37
C21 9 10.09 1.09 0.11
C22 7 6.12 0.88 0.13
C23 8 9.78 1.78 0.32
C31 12 7.76 4.24 0.43
C32 5 4.71 0.29 0.02
C33 5 7.53 2.53 0.85
X2 3.93
problem of study.
HYPOTHESIS II
used.
workers
Yes 15 13 9 37
No 12 9 7 28
Don’t know 8 6 6 20
Total 35 28 22 85
SOURCE: Researcher survey resulting using
X2 = ∑(O – e)2
e
but expected frequency (e) =
Grand total
(r-1)(c-1)
where R = No of row.
C = No of columns.
d.f. = (3 – 1)(3-1) = 4
Grand total
e11 = 37 x 35
85 = 15.24
e12 = 37 x 28
85 = 12.17
e13 = 37 x 22
85 = 9.58
e21 = 28 x 35
85 = 11.53
e22 = 28 x 28
85 = 9.22
e23 = 28 x 22
85 = 7.25
e31 = 20 x 37
85 = 8.71
e32 = 20 x 28
85 = 6.59
e33 = 20 x 22
85 = 5.18
Cell O E (O – e) (O – e)
e
C11 15 15.24 0.24 0.01
C12 13 12.19 0.81 0.05
C13 9 9.58 0.58 0.04
C21 12 11.53 0.47 0.02
C22 9 9.22 0.22 0.1
C23 7 7.25 0.25 0.01
C31 8 8.71 0.71 0.06
C32 6 6.59 0.59 0.05
C33 6 5.18 0.82 0.01
X2 0.26
Decision: since x2 computed is not greater than critical
CONTINGENCY TABLE XX
workers
Yes 20 14 6 40
No 15 8 6 29
Don’t know 6 5 5 16
Total 41 27 17 85
X2 = ∑(O – e)2
e
but expected frequency (e) =
(r-1)(c-1)
where R = No of row.
C = No of columns.
d.f. = (3 – 1)(3-1) = 4
Computation:
Grand total
e11 = 40 x 41
85 = 19.29
e12 = 40 x 27
85 = 12.17
e13 = 40 x 17
85 = 8.00
e21 = 29 x 41
85 = 13.97
e22 = 29 x 27
85 = 9.21
e23 = 27 x 17
85 = 5.80
TABLE OF DISCREPANCY XXVII
Cell O E (O – e) (O – e)
e
C11 20 19.29 0.71 0.0261
C12 14 12.71 1.29 0.1309
C13 6 8.00 2.00 0.5000
C21 15 13.99 1.01 0.0729
C22 8 9.21 1.21 0.1590
C23 6 5.80 0.20 0.0069
C31 6 7.72 1.72 0.3832
C32 5 5.08 0.68 0.0013
C33 5 3.20 1.50 1.0125
2
X 1.2928
Decision: the decision will be to accept the null
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATION.
people.
years ago.
operators.
(Table xx(a).
information.
operation.
11. Economic recession and rough business climate
economic problem.
retrenchment.
rectify.
changed considerably.
substitution effect).
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
operations.
management.
malfunctions.
programming.
Limited, 1991).
incorporation, 1984).
An instruction Mannually.
Company; 1979)
1987)
Institution 1960).
(1964).
ARTICLES:
Nigeria
Technology in Nigeria” in
Management in Nigeria
System in a Business
Environment: An application in
insurance underwriting” in
2003
General 1986.
QUESTIONS:-
introduction?
a. Trained
b. Transferred or redemployed
introduction?
involved?
8. How many people (if any) have been newly
COMPUTERISED DEPARTMENT
QUESTIONS:-
computerization?
case?
7. How many new employees were offered
exercise?
new people?
influenced jobs?