ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Soran university
Faculty of engineering
Chemical engineering department

Final assessment

[Chemical Industries]

Prepared by: Ali Muhammad kader

Supervised by: Ali H Alibak

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ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Benzoic acid

I chose this substance because in our national in Kurdistan, the food growth need
benzoic acid to keep it from the microbes,( preventing the growth of microbes to
keep food safe). and also Benzoic acid is salt (sodium benzoate) is commonly used
as a pH adjustor and preservative in food.
Benzoic acid helps stop infection induced through bacteria. Salicylic acid helps the
body shed hard or dead skin cells. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid topical (for the
skin) is a mixture medicine used to treat skin infection and irritation caused by
using burns, insect bites, fungal infections, or eczema.

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ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Introduction:
History
Benzoic acid was determined in the sixteenth century. The dry distillation of gum
benzoin was first described by way of Nostradamus (1556), and then by means of
Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).
Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler decided the composition of benzoic acid.
These latter additionally investigated how hippuric acid is associated to benzoic
acid.
In 1875 Salkowski observed the antifungal competencies of benzoic acid, which
used to be used for a lengthy time in the protection of benzoate-containing
cloudberry fruits.
It is additionally one of the chemical compounds discovered in castoreum. This
compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American beaver.

Background
Benzoic acid is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. It is the
simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which
was for a long time its only source. ... Benzoic acid is an important precursor for
the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.

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ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Uses

 preventing the growth of microbes to keep food safe.

 Although it’s no longer the most-dangerous chemical you might find in the
workplace, applicable managing of benzoic acid is a ought to to avoid
injuries and health risks while on the job. It is a compound naturally
discovered in many plants and is an important precursor for the synthesis of
many different natural substances.

 Benzoic acid is most generally found in industrial settings to manufacture a

large range of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical medications and
insect repellents.

 Benzoic acid’s salt (sodium benzoate) is frequently used as a pH adjustor and

preservative in food, stopping the growth of microbes to preserve meals safe.
It works by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic nation
that is incompatible with their growth.

 Benzoic acid be saved in a cool, dry and well-ventilated location in tightly

closed containers. It must to be stored away from heat, sources of ignition
and incompatible supplies such as oxidizing dealers (peroxides) and sturdy
bases (sodium hydroxide).

 Benzoic acid helps prevent infection caused by bacteria. Salicylic acid helps
the body shed rough or dead skin cells.

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ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Properties

Appearance Colorless crystalline solid

Odor Faint, pleasant odor

Density 1.2659 g/cm3 (15 °C) 1.0749 g/cm3 (130 °C)

Melting point 122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)

Boiling point 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K)
Solubility soluble in acetone, benzene, CCl4, CHCl3, alcohol,

Raw materials

Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with

oxygen. The procedure is catalyzed through cobalt or manganese naphthenates.
The process uses low cost raw substances proceeds in excessive yield, and is
viewed environmentally green.

Basis: 100 kg/hr

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 ALI MUHAMAD CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FINAL ASSESSMENT

Capacity for unit:

Basis: 100kg/hr

Molar mass Mole Mass

Component (g/mol) (Kg)

toluene

oxygen

Cobalt or manganese
naphthenates