CHEMHUB

Catalyst
Zyrene Cordero Jayron Santos
Aaron Yalung Red Jewel Irang
Jaina Bautista Vea An Palad
Kim Janelle Bulanadi Marc Capuno
Mark Justine Mendoza Jeffrey Natividad
 GENERAL LABORATORY
INSTRUCTION
Most of the laboratory techniques are learned in the introductory laboratory course. It is best to
familiarize yourself with the different pieces of apparatus and their uses, since you yourself will actually
handle them in the laboratory.

Before You Start

1. Read the procedure carefully before coming to the laboratory. Familiarize yourself with theories involved.
You are expected to be equipped with this knowledge when performing the experiment.

• Before you undergo the experiment, you must read and understand the laboratory instruction, and
familiarize your laboratory equipment.

2. Work in the laboratory only when the instructor is present or when you have been given permission to do
so.

• We need to work in laboratory for safety precaution because we can cause some trouble if we do
that in home.
 GENERAL LABORATORY
INSTRUCTION
While Performing an Experiment
1.Do not taste chemicals in the laboratory.

• Never taste chemicals, it can be fatal in your body.

2.Never smell a chemical by placing your nose directly to the mouth of the test tube or flask. Instead, fan
some of the vapor with your hand from the container toward your nose. Inhale cautiously.

• Because some chemicals can cause eye, nose, and lungs irritation.
 0
1
HAZARDOUS
SYMBOL
 HAZZZARD:
Product can burn skin
and eyes harmful if
breathed

CORROSIVE CHEMICALS:
-Glycolic acid.
-4-Methoxybenzylamine.
-Sodium hydroxide.
-Amines.
-Sulfuric acid.
-Bromine.
-Hydrogen peroxide.
 HAZZZARD:
Product can cause illness
or death if licked, eaten,
or breathed in.

TOXIC CHEMICALS:
-Formaldehyde.
-Mercury
-Lead
-Asbestos
-Pesticide Chemicals. Glyphosate
-Polychlorinated Biphenyls
 HAZZZARD:
is a condition of a premises, a
substance, thing, plant or animal
other than man, or a solid, liquid,
gas or combination of any of them,
that has or that is likely to have an
adverse effect on the health of any
person.
HEALTH HAZZARDA CHEMICALS:
-Carcinogens
-Sensitizers
-Hepatotoxins
-Nephrotoxins
-Neurotoxins
 HAZZZARD:
These are chemicals that can
cause serious and long-term
damage to health. 

CHEMICALS:
-Carcinogens
-Sensitizers
-Hepatotoxins
-Nephrotoxins
-Neurotoxins
-Sensitizers
 HAZZZARD:
a substance, a state or an
event which has the
potential to threaten the
surrounding
natural environment or
adversely affect people's
health.
CHEMICALS:
-Antibiotic agents
-Arsenic
-Asbestos
-Benzene
-Cadmium
“ CHEMICALS
—CHEMHUB
 CHEMHUB
Methanol
is a nondrinking type of
alcohol (also known as wood
alcohol and methyl alcohol)
which is mostly used to
Ethanol create fuel, solvents, and Benzen
antifreeze.
is a chemical compound, a is an organic chemical
simple alcohol with the compound with the molecular
chemical formula C ₂H ₆O. formula C₆H₆. The benzene
Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, molecule is composed of six
colorless liquid with a slight carbon atoms.
characteristic odor.

Aluminum
Nitrate
is a white, water-soluble salt of
aluminum and nitric acid,
most commonly existing as
the crystalline hydrate,
aluminum nitrate
nonahydrate, Al(NO₃)₃•9H₂O.
CHEMHUB
Acetyl Nitrate
is the organic compound is the inorganic compound with
with the formula
CH₃CONO₂. It is classified
as the mixed anhydride of
nitric and acetic acids.
Barium Peroxide
the formula BaO₂. This white
solid is one of the most
common inorganic peroxides,
and it was the first peroxide
compound discovered.
 CHEMHUB
Propane
is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular
formula C₃H₈. It is a gas at standard
temperature and pressure, but compressible to
a transportable liquid.

Acetone Peroxide
is an organic peroxide and a primary high
explosive. It is produced by the reaction of
acetone and hydrogen peroxide to yield a
mixture of linear monomer.

Nitrous
commonlyoxide
known as laughing gas
or nitrous, is a chemical
compound, an oxide of nitrogen
with the formula N ₂O
FORMALDEH
YDE
a colorless pungent gas in
solution made by oxidizing
methanol. SYMBOL: CH20
CHEMHUB
Glycolic 4-Methoxybenzylamine
Acid
is a colorless, odorless alpha- is a primary amine and can be
hydroxy-acid (AHA) derived from used for: Amination reaction of
sugarcane. It is a type of functionalized aryl bromides.
chemical exfoliant that dissolves Synthesis of functionalized
the bonds between dead skin organopolyphosphazenes for in
cells. vivo applications.
MERCURY
the chemical element of atomic number 80, a heavy silvery-white
metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures. The column of
mercury in a thermometer or barometer, or its height as indicating
atmospheric temperature or pressure. Mercury or one of its
compounds used medicinally, especially to treat syphilis. MERCURY:
Hg
 CHEMHUB
CARCINOG
EN
is any substance,
radionuclide, or radiation that
promotes carcinogenesis, the
formation of cancer. This may
be due to the ability to
damage the genome or to the
disruption of cellular
metabolic processes.
SENSITIZ
● ERas "a chemical that
is defined by OSHA
causes a substantial proportion of
exposed people or animals to develop
an allergic reaction in normal tissue after
repeated exposure to the chemical." The
condition of being sensitized to a
chemical is called chemical
hypersensitivity.
● SYMBOL: Cl2H14N4OPd
 HEPATOTOXI Our Values NEUROTOXI
is a toxic chemicalNS
substance that damages NSon the nervous
a poison which acts
the liver. It can be a side-effect of system, are often neurologically
medication, or found naturally, as destructive, their ability to specifically
Microcystis, or in laboratory environments. target neural components is important in
The effects of hepatotoxins depend on the the study of nervous systems. Common
amount, point of entry and distribution examples of neurotoxins include lead,
speed of the toxin, and on the health of the ethanol, glutamate, nitric oxide,
person. botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, and
tetrodotoxin.
ANTI-BIOTIC
AGENTS
was a substance produced by one
microorganism that selectively inhibits the
growth of another microorganism. A drug
used to treat bacterial infections.
 CHEMHUB
ARSENIC
is a chemical element with the
symbol As and atomic number 33.
Arsenic occurs in many minerals,
usually in combination with sulfur
and metals, but also as a pure
elemental crystal. Arsenic is a
metalloid. SYMBOL: As
ANIMAL
WASTE
are commonly considered the
excreted materials from live
animals. However, under certain
production conditions, the waste
may also include straw, hay,
wood shavings, or other sources
of organic debris.
 CHEMHUB
MICROBIOLOGICAL
WASTE
cultures and stocks of infectious agents, and associated
microorganisms and biologicals. Discarded etiologic agents and
wastes from the production of biologicals and antibiotics likely to
have been contaminated by organisms likely to be pathogenic to
healthy humans.
Glassware
 Beaker Flask

A beaker is a cylindrical A flask is a type of container made

container used to store, mix of glass. Their size are chosen by
and heat liquids in the volume they can hold, and is
laboratories. measured in metric units.
Different Types of Flasks
 Different Types of Flasks

Erlenmeyer  Florence flask  Volumetric Flask

is a piece of laboratory
Flask
is a type of laboratory
has a round body, a long neck,
and often a flat bottom. It is
apparatus, a type of
laboratory flask, calibrated
flask which features a designed for uniform heating, to contain a precise volume
flat bottom, a conical boiling, distillation and ease of at a certain temperature.
body, and a cylindrical swirling.
neck
Different Types of Flasks
Fernbach
suited for large volume cell culture
where the culture requires a large
surface area to volume ratio.

Buchner Flask
a thick-walled Erlenmeyer flask with a short glass tube and
hose barb protruding about an inch from its neck. The
short tube and hose barb effectively act as an adapter over
which the end of a thick-walled flexible hose (tubing) can
be fitted to form a connection to the flask.
 Bottles
END OF Jars
A re containers with
narrow openings
TYPES It’s the farthest one
generally used to store OF
reagents or samples.
FLASKS

Test Tubes
are widely used
by chemists to handle
chemicals, especially for
qualitative experiments
and assays.

Desiccator END OF
are sealable enclosures
containing desiccants used TYPES
for preserving moisture-sensitive
items such as cobalt chloride OF
paper for another use
FLASKS
Watch Glass
are used when a large
surface area is needed for a
small volume of liquid. This
is common for crystallizing
and evaporating procedures
Glass
evaporating
dishes
are used to evaporate excess
solvents – most commonly water –
to produce a concentrated solution
or a solid precipitate of the
dissolved substance.
Glass Petri Dishes
is a shallow transparent
lidded dish that biologists
use to culture cells, such as
bacteria, fungi or small
mosses.
 MORE GLASS

Microscope slide 
● is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches)
and about 1 mm thick.
● Used to hold objects for examination under a microscope.
● Microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or
cover glass, a smaller and thinner sheet of glass that is placed
over the specimen.

Graduated cylinder  
● also known as measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a
common piece of laboratory equipment . It has a narrow
cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder
represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.
● Used to measure the volume of a liquid.
 MORE GLASS

Volumetric flask  
● is a piece of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask,
calibrated to contain a precise volume at a certain
temperature.
● Used for precise dilutions and preparation of 
standard solutions.

Burette 
● it is a long, graduated glass tube, with a stopcock at its lower
end and a tapered capillary tube at the stopcock's outlet
●  Used to delivers measured volumes of liquid.
 MORE GLASS

Glass Pipette   
● (sometimes spelled pipet) is a laboratory tool commonly used
in chemistry, biology and medicine.
● Used to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a 
media dispenser.

Ebulliometer 
● Used to accurately measure the boiling point of liquids by
measuring the temperature of the vapor-liquid equilibrium
either isobarically or isothermally.
 MORE GLASS

Glass stirring rod  

● Is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals. 

Condenser  
● Is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors — that is,
turn them into liquids — by cooling them down.
 MORE GLASS

Retort  
● In a chemistry laboratory, this device used for distillation or 
dry distillation of substances. The liquid to be distilled is placed
in the vessel and heated. The neck acts as a condenser,
allowing the vapors to condense and flow along the neck to a
collection vessel placed underneath.

Abderhalden's drying pistol

● Used to free samples from traces of water, or other impurities.
THANKYOU
CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Zyrene Cordero
CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Vea An Palad
CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Jayron Santos
CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Mark Justine Mendoza

CHEMHUB MEMBERS
Aaron John Yalung
CHEMHUB MEMBERS
Red Jewel Irang
CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Kim Janelle Bulanadi

CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Marc Vincent Capuno

CHEMHUB MEMBERS

Jaina Bautista
CHEMHUB MEMBERS
Jeffrey Natividad