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FORMACIÓN API 580

[API 580] PRACTICAS Y SIMULADORES
01.- API 580 FINAL EXAM KEY

1 .- Question Text
a).- R1
b).- R2
c).- R3
d).- R4
Correcta :

2 .- Inspection services identify, monitor and measure the damage mechanisms. Inspection also
provides which of the following?
a).- A better understanding into the COF.
b).- Input in the prediction of when the deterioration will reach a critical point
c).- The resources to document corrosion rates.
d).- An understanding of where and when corrosion will occur.
Correcta :

3 .- When establishing an inspection strategy based on risk assessment, it is important to realize

that inspection is only effective if the inspection technique can achieve which of the following?
a).- Can detect the damage mechanism and its location.
b).- Can detect the damage mechanism and its severity.
c).- Can detect the damage mechanism and its operational relationship.
d).- Can be cost effective
Correcta :

4 .- Probabilities of incidents generally decrease with the severity of the incident. This is an
example of which of the following?
a).- The severity of the consequence is tied to the COF.
b).- The probability of a specific consequence is tied to the severity of the consequence .
c).- The linkage between the COF and the probability of possible resulting incident.
d).- Functional safeguards.
Correcta :

5 .- When using the formula “Risk of a specific consequence = (Probability of a Specific

Consequence X (Specific Consequence)” it is possible to calculate the risk for each specific
consequence. Regarding this statement, which of the following is a true state
a).- The total risk is the sum of the individual risks times the COF.
b).- The total risk is the sum of the individual risks for each specific consequence
c).- The total risk is the sum of the individual risks, plus the probability each.
d).- The total risk is the sum of the individual risks times the POF.
Correcta :
6 .- Understanding the value of each variable and how it influences risk calculations is key to
identifying which input variables deserve closer scrutiny. Determining the value of each variable
is called:
a).- Sensitivity analysis.
b).- Risk Assessment0
c).- Risk evaluation0
d).- ISO risk analysis0
Correcta :

7 .- When performing a risk determination and assessment, assumptions or estimates of the

input data can be made. This is often done under which of the following circumstances?
a).- When there are insufficient team members.
b).- When the toxicity of the fluid is not known..
c).- When consequence and/or POF data are not available.
d).- When only long term inspection data is available.
Correcta :

8 .- This is a very powerful tool that is being used by companies, governments and regulatory
authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance.
a).- Risk Based Inspection (RBI)
b).- Risk acceptance criteria
c).- ISO risk line
d).- Cost/Benefit analysis
Correcta :

9 .- The general formula for the probability of fire would be which of the following?
a).- Probability of Fire = (Probability of Failure) X (Consequence of Failure)
b).- Probability of Fire = (Probability of Ignition) X (Consequence of Failure)
c).- Probability of Fire = (Probability of Failure) X (Probability of Ignition)
d).- Probability of Fire = (Probability of Failure) X (Probability of loss of containment)
Correcta :

10 .- The probability of credible events leading up to the specific consequence does which of the
following?
a).- Should be factored into the probability of the specific consequence occurring
b).- Validates the damage mechanisms used to calculate the COF.
c).- Insures the proper work flow process of the RBI was utilized.
d).- Identifies the POF
Correcta :
11 .- The probability of the specific consequences is the product of the probability of which of
the following?
a).- Each event times the Probability of Failure.
b).- Each event leading up to the specific consequence.
c).- The Consequence of failure.
d).- The consequence of the failure mode.
Correcta :

12 .- The consequence analysis in a RBI program is performed for what reason?

a).- To provide discrimination between equipment items on the basis of the significance of
potential failure .
b).- To provide detailed documentation on the process and equipment items used for evaluating
repair costs.
c).- To evaluate the risk side of the equation.
d).- To evaluate if the series of events leading to a specific consequence equates the POF.
Correcta :

13 .- In general, which of the following is most likely to manage the consequence side of the risk
equation?
a).- Plant Safety personnel
b).- Plant safety and management personnel.
c).- Facility insurance Provider.
d).- The combined governing rules of the local jurisdiction and OSHA.
Correcta :

14 .- The quantitative consequence analysis involves using a logic model depicting combinations
of events to represent the effects of failure on all but one of the following. Which does not
belong?
a).- People
b).- Property
c).- The business
d).- The economics
Correcta :

15 .- The volume of fluid released is typically derived from a combination of all the following but
one. Which one does not belong?
a).- Volume in the system that is available for release (between isolation valves/measures).
b).- Failure mode
c).- Leak rate
d).- Process operating rate at the time of the fluid release
Correcta :
16 .- Toxic releases in RBI fall into which of the following category?
a).- Only addressed when they make the National news
b).- Only addressed when the facility has to file an environmental report
c).- Only addressed when they make either the local or the national news
d).- Only addressed when they affect personnel (site and public)
Correcta :

17 .- Toxic release consequence is typically from several elements. Which of the following does
not represent an element typically used for this determination?
a).- Volume of fluid released and toxicity.
b).- Ability to disperse
c).- Detection and mitigation systems
d).- Value of the product that was spilled/released
Correcta :

18 .- The costs of environmental damage may be calculated by which of the following?

a).- Environmental cost = Cost for cleanup + fines + production loss (costs).
b).- Environmental cost = Cost for cleanup + fines + other costs
c).- Environmental cost = Cost for cleanup + fines + loss of reputation.
d).- Environmental cost = Cost for cleanup + fines.
Correcta :

19 .- Which of the following is a simple method for estimating the business interruption
consequence to use for production loss?
a).- Business interruption = Process unit daily value + environmental cost.
b).- Business interruption = Process unit daily value X downtime (days)
c).- Business interruption = Process unit daily value + loss of reputation.
d).- Business interruption = Process unit daily value X average downtime (days).
Correcta :

20 .- Which of the following is a typical method of estimating downtime after a fire or

explosion?
a).- OSHA Fire and Explosion Index.
b).- API RP – Fire and Explosion Consequence analysis.
c).- Dow Fire and Explosion Index
d).- Freeport Explosion and Consequence Guide
Correcta :
21 .- When assessing the probability of failure, the assessment should include all deterioration
mechanisms the equipment is susceptible to. In addition to this, it should also include which or
the following?
a).- Magnitude of consequences
b).- Consequence of failure
c).- The situation where multiple deterioration mechanisms are present
d).- Duration of the consequence
Correcta :

22 .- The probability analysis in an RBI program is performed to estimate the probability of

which of the following?
a).- Successive attacks from a continuum of damage mechanisms that remains detected.
b).- A specific adverse consequence resulting from a loss of containment that occurs due to
damage mechanism(s).
c).- Total effects that lead up to a threshold COF.
d).- Alternate sources of analysis.
Correcta :

23 .- Per the 580, the POF should address all damage mechanisms. The POF analysis should
consist of the following three parts:
a).- Quantified, documented and the location specified.
b).- Specified location, measurement tools used, and documented.
c).- Measurement tools used, calibration, and examiner.
d).- Credible, repeatable and documented
Correcta :

24 .- When assessing POF and defining frequency. How is Frequency normally expressed?
a).- Probability
b).- Events per year
c).- Duration
d).- Susceptibility
Correcta :

25 .- POF is expressed in terms of what units?

a).- Expectancy
b).- Sensitivity
c).- Duration
d).- Frequency
Correcta :
26 .- In the oil and gas industry, what are the most commonly used probabilistic assessment?
a).- Quantitate
b).- Qualitative.
c).- Blend of Qualitative and Quantitate.
d).- Reactive sensitivity.
Correcta :

27 .- Per the 580, damage mechanisms include all of the following except for one. Which one
does not belong?
a).- Corrosion
b).- Cracking
c).- Event driven mechanisms
d).- Metallurgical damage
Correcta :

28 .- Identification of the credible damage mechanism and failure modes for all equipment
included in an RBI study is essential for which of the follow reason?
a).- To insure the quality and effectiveness of the risk analysis
b).- To properly identify the POF for the specific occurrence.
c).- To insure that appropriate NDE techniques have been utilized for maximum inspection
effectiveness.
d).- To insure the identified damage mechanisms are credible and assignable to the software being
used for the evaluation.
Correcta :

29 .- Understanding equipment operation and the interaction with the process and mechanical
environment falls into which category?
a).- It is an essential part of the probability analysis
b).- It is essential for identification of risk management and Inspection activities
c).- It is essential in identifying the COF.
d).- It is key to identifying damage mechanisms.
Correcta : 4

30 .- Per the 580, the evaluation of damage mechanisms and failure modes should include which
of the following?
a).- The failure analysis conducted by an independent source.
b).- The cumulative effect of each mechanism and /or mode.
c).- The detailed analysis of each mechanism and / or mode individually.
d).- Verification of the deterioration rates from similar service.
Correcta :
31 .- Since a large amount of inspection, repairs and modifications are performed during a
maintenance turnaround, it may be useful to conduct a RBI reassessment to accomplish which
of the following?
a).- Evaluate past strategies of COF evaluation
b).- Move the Iso-risk level
c).- Determine the POF.
d).- Reflect the new risk levels.
Correcta :

32 .- Typically, the RBI assessment will project deterioration at a continuous rate. In reality, the
deterioration rate may vary over time. What rate provides the most information for a RBI
assessment?
a).- The average rate
b).- The instantaneous rate
c).- The short-term and long-term rate
d).- The rate estimated by a really smart process engineer
Correcta :

33 .- An RBI reassessment should be conducted after a significant change. Which of the following
is not a significant change?
a).- Change in process conditions
b).- Change in RBI premises
c).- Change in the damage mechanisms/severities
d).- Change in the iso-risk line
Correcta :

34 .- The two-dimensional aspect of risk allows new insight into which of the following?
a).- Purpose of aspect ratio of the iso-risk line.
b).- Resolution of undetermined variables according to risk categorization.
c).- Use of risk for inspection prioritization and planning
d).- Optimization of mitigation and avoidance
Correcta :

35 .- For all intents and purposes, a Quantitate Risk Assessment (QRA) is which of the following?
a).- This is a traditional risk analysis
b).- Traditional risk assessment as described in the ASME code.
c).- Applicable to equipment that falls outside the scope of RBI.
d).- The result of risk mitigation applied after an RBI.
Correcta :
36 .- A QRA is generally performed by what type of personnel?
a).- An experienced Risk Analyst
b).- The unit Inspector trained in RBI techniques.
c).- The unit Reliability Engineer
d).- An outside company.
Correcta :

37 .- The accuracy of any type of RBI is dependent on three primary factors. Which of the
following are the important three factors?
a).- Expert opinion, sound documentation, and reasonable boundaries.
b).- Use of computer RBI system, quality facilitator, and focused boundary lines.
c).- Confidence in inspection methods, risk ranking and consequence rating.
d).- Sound methodology, knowledgeable personnel, and quality data
Correcta :

38 .- Inspection is a risk management activity that does which of the following?

a).- That may lead to consequence reduction.
b).- May lead to risk reduction.
c).- That could identify COF
d).- May decrease the cost of inspection activities.
Correcta :

39 .- When using RBI to establish inspection plans and priorities, the level of the unmitigated risk
should be used to evaluate which of the following?
a).- The cost of providing alternates to inspection such as replacement.
b).- The urgency of performing the inspection
c).- The right inspection techniques to apply.
d).- Potential evaluation for fitness for service
Correcta :

40 .- A fundamental difference among the qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitate RBI

assessment approaches is which of the following?
a).- The amount of risk reduction that can be achieved by each.
b).- The amount and detail of input, calculations, and output.
c).- The amount of Inspection detail that will be called for in the future.
d).- The expected types of risk mitigation to be implemented.
Correcta :
41 .- In the data collection stage of an RBI can be important to document codes and standards
that were in use during the equipment design. This is generally necessary due to which of the
following reasons?
a).- Codes and standards during a repair or alteration may vary.
b).- Codes and standards in place during the time of manufacture are the ruling factors.
c).- This can have a significant impact on the RBI results.
d).- To review what safety factor was used in the design.
Correcta :

42 .- Electrical Power failures, neighboring fires or explosions, terrorism, and neighboring

hazardous material releases are all examples of what?
a).- Assumptions made during an RBI analysis.
b).- Absolute Risk
c).- External event
d).- Relative risk
Correcta :

43 .- A documented management system for review and approval of changes in process,

equipment or piping systems prior to implementation of the change:
a).- PSM
b).- MOC
c).- RBI re-assessment
d).- RBI
Correcta :

44 .- Relative Risk defined by which of the following statements?

a).- A physical condition or a release of hazardous material that is measured
b).- The comparative risk of a facility, process unit, or component to another
c).- Probability
d).- Extent to which an event is likely to occurs within the time frame under consideration
Correcta :

45 .- Risk cannot be reduced to zero solely by inspection efforts. The amount of unquantified risk
that is due to human error, natural disaster and external events is called:
a).- Risk Management
b).- Residual risk
c).- Permanent Risk
d).- Fundamental Risk
Correcta :
46 .- What is the overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation?
a).- Risk management
b).- Risk criteria
c).- Risk assessment
d).- Risk analysis
Correcta :

47 .- Decision not to become involved in or action to withdraw from a risk situation. The decision
may be based on the result of risk evaluation.
a).- ISO line
b).- Risk acceptance
c).- Risk avoidance
d).- Risk communication
Correcta :

48 .- Exchange or sharing of information about risk between the decision maker and other
stakeholders. The information may relate to the existence, nature, form, probability, or other
aspects of risk.
a).- Risk level exchange
b).- Risk data management
c).- Risk communication
d).- Risk Information Sharing (RIS)
Correcta :

49 .- This is the process to compare the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the
significance of the risk. This may be used in the acceptance or mitigation decision.
a).- Risk identification
b).- Risk evaluation
c).- Risk estimation
d).- Risk comparison
Correcta :

50 .- Risk reduction is defined by which of the following?

a).- The act of Risk Management.
b).- Defining the probability of a known risk.
c).- The act of mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk.
d).- Defining the consequence of a known risk.
Correcta :
51 .- When doing and RBI assessment, why are boundary limits identified?
a).- To identify responsible parties
b).- To identify the potential COF
c).- To determine what is vital to include in the RBI assessment
d).- To identify jurisdictional requirements
Correcta :

52 .- When establishing objectives and goals of an RBI assessment, risks must be understood.
Therefore, and inspection program may be designed to achieve which of the following?
a).- Optimize the use of inspection and maintenance resources.
b).- Minimize the use of inspection and maintenance resources.
c).- Minimize the effectiveness of the RBI assessment program.
d).- Define alternatives to implementation of RBI.
Correcta :

53 .- Facilities approaching the end of their economic or operating service life have strategies
that focus on which of the following?
a).- Inspection efforts with inspection grading.
b).- Inspection efforts on high risk areas where inspection will provide a risk reduction.
c).- RBI analysis with frequent re-evaluation
d).- Analysis of data using the RBI software to determine risk levels and operating strategies.
Correcta :

54 .- When evaluating end of life inspection strategies it is typical that inspection activities that
do not impact risk during the remaining life are modified. What is this modification?
a).- The equipment is removed from RBI analysis, and is removed for service on the due date.
b).- Inspection activities that do not impact risk during the remaining life are usually eliminated or
reduced.
c).- Inspection activities are increased and RBI updated accordingly.
d).- RBI analysis is updated more frequently utilizing previous data.
Correcta :

55 .- Risk acceptability criteria recognizes which of the following?

a).- Not every failure will lead to an undesirable incident with serious consequence incidents
b).- There is a need to focus solely on the consequences of failure or on the probability without
systematic efforts tying the two together
c).- The level of risk may change, depending on the evaluation of the lower limits of the ISO-risk
levels
d).- Risk acceptance is normal, but the probability of the incident is the major contributor to total
acceptability
Correcta :

56 .- The imperial formula for calculating risk is specified in which of the following?
a).- Risk = Consequence X Reliability
b).- Risk = Consequence X Risk Reduction
c).- Risk = Consequence X Risk Analysis
d).- Risk = Consequence X Probability
Correcta :

57 .- By focusing on risk and mitigation, RBI provides which of the following?

a).- A better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to equipment failure and the inspection
approaches that will effectively reduce the associated risks.
b).- Increased awareness of the outliers that are associated with unidentified causes of corrosion
and other damage mechanisms.
c).- Decision not to become involved in or action to withdraw from a risk situation. The decision
may be based on the result of risk evaluation.
d).- An increased comprehension between the associated mitigation efforts to the root causes of
the damage mechanism.
Correcta :

58 .- RBI is a team approach. Who on the team is responsible for assessing the effectiveness of
past inspections?
a).- The Team Leader
b).- The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
c).- The Corrosion Specialist.
d).- The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist .
Correcta :

59 .- Failure is defined in the 580 by which of the following?

a).- Unidentified root causes.
b).- Loss of containment.
c).- Tangible financial loss.
d).- Unmitigated action items.
Correcta :

60 .- When the risk associated with individual equipment items is determined and the relative
effectiveness of different inspection techniques and process monitoring in reducing risk is
estimated or quantified, adequate information is available for which of the
a).- For developing a conceptual result of an RBI program.
b).- For developing a detailed approach with systematic methodology for assessing the optimum
combination of methods and frequencies of inspection
c).- For planning, optimizing, and implementing a RBI program.
d).- For identifying the residual risk.
Correcta :
61 .- Risk cannot be reduced to zero by inspection alone. Residual risk factors for loss of
containment include all of the following except which one?
a).- Human Error
b).- Design Errors
c).- Fundamental limitations of inspection methods
d).- Excessive inspection activities
Correcta :

62 .- The expected outcome from the application of the RBI process should be which of the
following?
a).- The linkage of risks with appropriate inspection or other mitigation
b).- Linkage of risk with appropriate consequences
c).- Linkage of risk with appropriate likelihood
d).- Development of Key elements
Correcta :

63 .- When evaluating risk management with inspection activities, it is understood that

inspection costs can be more effectively managed with which of the following?
a).- Through the use us efficient outsourcing and inspection planning.
b).- By determining where, when, and how to inspect.
c).- Through the use of RBI
d).- With the aid of electronic data banks for analysis.
Correcta :

64 .- When assessing inspection results and determining corrective action which of the following
is not listed as a variable in assessing remaining life and future inspection plans?
a).- Damage mechanism
b).- Rate of deterioration
c).- Equipment tolerance to the types of deterioration
d).- Assumptions made in the RBI assessment that will affect the COF
Correcta :

65 .- Management’s role as an RBI team member is which of the following?

a).- Define data required from other team members
b).- Defining accuracy levels for the data
c).- Provide sponsorship and funding for the RBI study
d).- Define quality control of data input/output
Correcta :
66 .- To what degree of training should an RBI team member attain?
a).- OSHA suggests a minimum of eight hours of CBT (computer based training)
b).- As determined by the Team Leader
c).- As determined by Management and Safety Personnel
d).- Enough training to attain an understanding and effective application of RBI.
Correcta :

67 .- It is important that sufficient information is captured to fully document the RBI assessment.
Which of the following is not some of typical documentation that is included?
a).- References to in-service codes or standards being applied
b).- Follow-up mitigation strategy, to manage risk.
c).- Time frame over which the assessment was conducted
d).- The risk assessment results (including information on probability and consequence).
Correcta :

68 .- Believe it or not, Inspection may not always provide sufficient risk mitigation. Other
methods may be available. These risk mitigation activities fall into all of the following except
which one?
a).- Reduce the magnitude of consequence.
b).- Increase the measurability of the consequence.
c).- Enhance the survivability of the facility and people to the consequence.
d).- Mitigate the primary source of consequence
Correcta :

69 .- RBI could be expanded to Include failures other than loss of containment. Examples of
other failures and failure modes are which of the following?
a).- Pressure relief devices (plugging, fouling, nonactivation)
b).- Instrument and control systems
c).- Structural systems
d).- Machinery components
Correcta :

70 .- RBI works with codes and standards such as API 510, 571 & 653 to produce which of the
following?
a).- Extend inspection intervals.
b).- Use inspection philosophy such as intervals based on some percentage of equipment life (such
as half-life).
c).- Utilize probability based inspection intervals.
d).- Provide documentation as to reasonable fault.
Correcta :
71 .- One of the most important aspects of managing risk through RBI is which of the following?
a).- Development and use of mitigation strategies
b).- Acquiring qualified personnel for the RBI assessment.
c).- Insuring the quality of all data.
d).- Adequately imputing all data into the RBI computer program
Correcta :