Angels International College

Middle Years Programme

Chemistry-MYPIV

Name: Eman Anwar

Section: Armstrong
Date: 28th March, 2020
Unit: How do atoms bond?
Topic: Halogens
ATLs: Thinking skills, Communication skills
Learner Profile: Inquirers, Knowledgeable, Thinkers, Communicators

The Halogens (Group 7)

1. Link the halogens on the left with their colors on the right by drawing a line
between them.

iodine pale yellow

bromine green-yellow

fluorine dark orange

chlorine dark grey

2. Outline three properties of halogens.

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 Halogens exist in three physical states of matter (F and Cl as gas) (Br as liquid) (I and At as
solid)
Poisonous and toxic in their elemental states
Have low melting and boiling points
Halogens undergo displacement reactions with halide solutions

3. The following graph shows the electronegativity trend of group 7 down the group. State
what is meant by electronegativity and discuss electronegativity trend with respect to
increase in size of atoms as we move down the group.

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
The graph shows that as we move down, the group 7 elements’ ability to attract electrons
generally decreases. This is because down the group the atomic radius and size of atoms
increases, creating a shielding effect between the nucleus and valence shell. This decreases
the electrostatic force of attraction of the nucleus for the outermost shell, decreasing its
ability to attract electrons.

4. Complete the equations for reactions between the halogens and alkali metals to form
metal halides.

chlorine + sodium
Sodium chloride

Cl2 + 2Na 2NaCl

potassium bromide
Bromine + potassium

Br2 + 2K 2KBr

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4. Complete the displacement reaction table.

Salt (aq) Potassium chloride Potassium Bromide Potassium iodide

Halogen

chlorine 2KCl + Br2 2KCl+ I2

bromine No reaction 2KBr+I2

iodine No reaction No reaction

5. Halogens are oxidizing agents. Discuss.

An oxidizing agent is defined as to being an electron accepter. Halogens have a high
tendency to accept electrons and are powerful oxidizing agents. For example in a
displacement reaction between chlorine and bromide with bromide having a negative
charge suggest that it has gained an electron to fully fill its outermost shell.
Cl2 + 2Br- = 2Cl- + Br2
In the above reaction initially we had chlorine and a bromide atom. The reaction is powered
by the ability of an atom to attract the extra valence electron that forms bromine atom to
bromide. Chlorine is more reactive than bromine and has higher electronegativity and so it
pulls in that electron from bromide making it an isolated bromine atom. . Then chlorine
becomes stable and forms chloride atom and bromine now needs one more valence
electron and so it reacts with another bromine atom to form a diatomic molecule. As
bromide lost an electron it was oxidized and chlorine acts as an oxidizing agent.

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