(a) Lithium and beryllium are the first two elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table.

Compare the electrical conductivities of the two elements. [6M]

(b) A lithium-silver chromate(VI) battery is used in a heart pacemaker. The reactions

occurring in the battery involve the following half-cell reactions:
Li+(aq) + e ⇌ Li(s) E = -3.05 V
Ag2CrO4(s) + 2e ⇌ 2Ag(s) + CrO42-(aq) E = +0.45 V
(i) Explain the reaction that occurs. [3M]
(ii) Calculate the standard electromotive force of the battery. [2M]
(c) Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are used in spacecraft. Using potassium hydroxide
solution as the electrolyte.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the fuel cell, [2M]
(ii) write the half-cell equations for the reactions involved. [2M]
(2010, P2)

Question 1

The standard reduction potential of copper(I) and copper(II) ions are as follows:

Cu+(aq) + e ⇌ Cu(s) Eθ = +0.52 V

Cu2+(aq) + e ⇌ Cu+(aq) Eθ = +0.15 V

An aqueous solution containing copper(I) ions is not stable. Based on the standard
reduction potential, state and explain what would be observed when copper(I) ions are
added to water. [8 marks, Past-Year exam question]
(a) Fe(s)/Fe2+(aq) // Fe3+(aq)/Fe(s)
e.m.f.=+0.4 V
3Fe + 2Fe3+  3Fe2+ + 2Fe

(b)
Mn(VII) standard half-cell has a more +ve potential than the chlorine half-cell and
will oxidized Cl- ion to Chlorine.
Thus interfering with the estimation of the iron.

(c)
(i) Mn(VII) oxidized the Cr(III)
(ii) 6MnO4- + 10 Cr3+ + 11H2O  6Mn2+ + 5Cr2O72- + 22H+