Philippine Science High School – Cagayan Valley Campus
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Name: Julienne Marielle V. Agustin
Grade and Section: 8-Jasmine
Activity 5: Islam and the Islamic Empire
1. Islam
570 AD – Birth
575 AD – Became an
orphan; cared by his grandfather
578 AD – Grandfather dies
590 AD – Married Khadija
610 AD – First Revelation in the cave where
angel Gabriel commanded him to recite the
Qur’an
613 - Took his message public, these would later
become the Koran, Islam's sacred scripture.
623 - The Hijrah
624 - The start of three major battles with the
Meccans - the Battle of Badr (victory), 625 the Battle
of Uhud (defeat), and 627 the Battle of the Trench
(victory).
628 - The two sides signed a treaty recognising the
Muslims as a new force in Arabia. Meccan allies
breached the treaty a year later.
629 - Orders first raid into Christian lands at Muta
(defeat).
630 – Returns to Mecca
632 - Returned to Mecca to perform a
pilgrimage.
632 - Dies in Medina after a brief illness.
He is buried in the mosque of
Medina.
2. Islamic Rulers
Rulers Period of Rule
Rightly Guided Caliph 632 CE to 661 CE
(Rashidun Caliphate)
ISLAM
God.
Muslims
believe that
Allah is One, the
only true God.
Angels. These are created
spirit beings often called Allah’s
messengers in the Qur’an.
Prophets. Prophets are considered the model
of good behavior and perfect character.
Jesus. Regarded as a great Prophet, born of the Virgin Mary,
Salvation. In Islam, salvation is a complex issue and there are
varying perspectives.
The source of authority in any religion will affect how people perceive other religions;
therefore, it is helpful to understand why Muslims value these authorities so highly.
The original source of authority for Muslims is Allah.
The Qur'an: Muslim most holy book, which is approached with reverence and respect.
The Hadith: The other Muslim holy book is the Hadith, regarded by most Islamic
tradition as important tools for understanding the Qur’an and in matters of religious
practice and law. Hadith were gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th
centuries, and these works are referred to in matters of Islamic law and history to this
day.
Development in Islam
- Did not create anything that might be called an
empire. The situation changed under the four
caliphs of the Rashidun period – Abu Bakr, Umar,
Uthman, and Ali – who oversaw the rapid
expansion of the Islamic polity throughout the
Near East.
- They elaborated important military, legal, and
economic structures and developed a nascent
imperial apparatus that helped ensure the

Umayyad Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate
3. Muslim Culture
Science and Mathematics
Society
success of the Islamic state.
- The Rashidun Caliphate is often considered a
religio‐political golden age, but it also witnessed
many fierce debates about the nature of
authority, the role of the caliph, and the
relationship between religion and politics.
661-750 CE The Umayyads made several important
contributions to the Islamic Empire. Many of
their contributions had to do with unifying the
large empire and the many cultures that were
now part of the empire. These included creating a
common coinage, establishing Arabic as the
official language throughout the empire, and
standardizing weights and measures. They also
built some of the most revered buildings of
Islamic history including the Dome of the Rock in
Jerusalem and the Umayyad Mosque in
Damascus.
750-1258 CE The early part of the Abbasid rule was a time of
peace and prosperity. Great advances were made
in many areas of science, mathematics, and
medicine. Schools of higher education and
libraries were built throughout the empire. The
culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture
reached new heights. This period is often
referred to as the Golden Age of Islam.
City life
Muslim Culture
Arts and Literature