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QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY NAWABSHAH, SINDH
PAKISTAN
Conclusion
BACKGROUND
In the 1940s, Vladimir Haensel, a research chemist working for Universal Oil
Products (UOP), developed a catalytic reforming process using
a catalyst containing platinum.
INTRODUCTION
It transforms low octane naphtha into high-octane motor gasoline blending stock and
aromatics rich in benzene, toluene, and xylene with hydrogen and liquefied petroleum
gas as a byproduct.
CATALYSTS
Typical catalysts that are used in catalytic reforming are mono-metallic, bi-
metallic or tri-metallic catalysts supported on aluminum, such as platinum
(Pt/Al2O3), Platinum-Iridium (Pt-Ir/Al2O3) or Platinum-Iridium-Tin (Pt-Ir-Sn/Al2O3)
respectively.
Dehydrogenation:
Example:
Isomerisation:
Example:
Dehydrocyclisation:
Hydrocracking:
Maximum allowable sulphur content 0.5 ppm or less and water content <4 ppm.
Fixed bed reactor containing a nickel molybdenum where both hydro de sulphurisation
reactions and hydro de nitrification reactions take place.
Liquid product from the reactor is then stripped to remove water and light
hydrocarbons.
Charge Heater:
Reaction Section:
Stripping Section:
Stripping section uses air for stripping the light ends mainly hydrogen sulfide from
Stripper Reboiler:
• Reactor temperature
• Space velocity
Current catalytic reforming processes are commonly classified into three types
based on regeneration systems work of the catalyst. These includes:
SRCRP is the oldest reforming process that is used for the production of gasoline
and rich aromatic compounds.
It usually has three or four reactors in series with a fixed-bed catalyst system.
A semi-regenerative process uses low platinum and regeneration is required only once
a year.
The catalyst activity decreases gradually due to the formation of coke and affects
the yield of aromatics and the hydrogen by-product.
This process can achieve an octane number in range of 85- 100, depending on the
feedstock, gasoline qualities, and required additives.
In the whole we can say that catalytic reforming process is one of the most important
processes in the petroleum and petrochemical industries which produce high octane
number gasoline.
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