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भारतीय मानक IS 13712 : 2019

Indian Standard

सिरैमिक टाइलें — परिभाषाएँ, वर्गीकरण,

लक्षण तथा सचू नांक
(  दसू रा पनु रीक्षण )

Ceramic Tiles — Definitions,

Classifications, Characteristics
and Marking
( Second Revision )

ICS 01.020; 91.100.23

© BIS 2019

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

May 2019  Price Group 4

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Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1993 and subsequently revised in 2006. This second revision incorporates
the experience gained with the use of this standard and brings the standard in line with the latest developments in
this field.
A small quantity of tiles continues to be produced in the 6 < E ≤ 10 percent water absorption category, which
was earlier omitted, has now been re-introduced in the current revision as Group B II b. As a consequence the
3 < E ≤ 6 percent is re-designated as Group BII a, instead of Group BII.
The following are the significant modifications incorporated in this revision:
a) Definitions of rectified tiles and polished tiles have been included.
b) Emergence of new categories of tiles, such as the glazed vitrified tiles and glazed polished tiles have been
duly covered.
c) Requirements of marking has been modified.
d) Information on ‘guidelines to classify the relative importance of each property in relation to the application’
has been updated.
e) Information on the recommended usage of glazed tiles for flooring application according to their abrasion
resistance class has been specified.
In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the ISO 13006 : 2012 ‘Ceramic
tiles — Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of the standard is given in Annex D.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (  revised  )’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFICATIONS,
CHARACTERISTICS AND MARKING
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard gives definitions, classifications,
characteristics and marking requirements for ceramic
tiles generally used for floor and wall surfaces. It
also includes ceramic tiles used for paving, external
and internal cladding, and swimming pools. It is not
applicable to decorative accessories such as trims,
edges, corners, coves, or curved tiles.
1.2 This standard applies to tiles of the best quality
(first quality) unless otherwise specified in the relevant
product standard.
2 REFERENCES
The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions
which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards indicated in Annex A.
3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard the following
definitions shall apply.
3.1 Ceramic Tiles
Thin slabs made from inorganic raw materials such as
clays, silica, fluxing aids such as feldspars, coloring
and other mineral raw materials, generally used
as coverings for floors, walls or facades. They are
prepared by grinding, sieving, mixing, moistening
etc, and are shaped by pressing, extruding, casting
or other processes, usually at room temperature.
They are then dried and subsequently fired at a high
temperature. Tiles may be glazed (GL), unglazed
(UGL) or engobed. They may be rectified (R) or
unrectifed (UR) and may be polished (P) or unpolished
(UP). Ceramic tiles are incombustible and unaffected
by light. Depending on degree of vitrification their
water absorption may vary. A low water absorption
tile is also called porcelain tile. An extremely low
water absorption tile is called a fully vitrified tile
and this may be glazed or unglazed and polished or
unpolished.
1
IS 13712 : 2019
3.2 Glaze
A vitrified covering that is practically impermeable.
3.3 Engobe
A clay-based covering with a matt finish which can be
permeable or impermeable.
3.4 Once Fired
Glazed before firing.
3.5 Twice Fired
Glazed after a first firing, then fired a second time.
3.6 Extruded Tiles (Shaping A)
Tiles whose body is shaped in the plastic state in an
extruder, the column obtained being cut into tiles of
predetermined length.
3.6.1 Split Tiles (Split Pattern)
Formed as double tiles that are separated after firing to
obtain single tiles. They can be glazed or unglazed and
have characteristic parallel ridges on the back.
3.6.2 Quarry Tiles
Tiles that are cut in succession from a single extruded
column and are either pressed or not pressed and are
sometimes glazed.
3.7 Pressed Tiles (Shaping B)
Tiles formed from a body reduced to powder or small
grains and shaped in moulds at high pressure. They
may be glazed or unglazed, rectified or unrectified, and
polished or unpolished.
3.8 Cast Tiles (Shaping C)
The body is cast into a mould or on to a porous
refractory batt that absorbs the water. They can be
glazed or unglazed.
3.9 Water Absorption
The water absorption (percent by mass) measured in
accordance with IS 13630 (Part 2).
3.10 Coordinating Size
The size of coordinating dimension, see IS 4993.
3.11 Nominal Size
The size used to describe the product.
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IS 13712 : 2019
3.12 Work Size
The size of a tile specified for manufacturing to
which the actual size has to conform within specified
permissible deviations.
3.13 Actual Size
The size obtained by measuring a tile in accordance
with IS 13630 (Part 1).
3.14 Tolerances
The difference between actual and permissible limits
of size.
3.15 Rectified Tile
A ceramic tile that, after firing, is subjected to a
precise mechanical grinding of the edges to give
the tile desired dimensions. Rectified tiles have
tighter dimensional criteria for length and width,
straightness of sides, and rectangularity than
un-rectified tiles.
3.16 Polished Tile
A ceramic tiles whose glazed or unglazed surface has
been given a glossy finish by mechanical polishing as
the last stage of manufacturing.
3.17 Sizes
NOTE — These are only defined for rectangular tiles. If the
sizes of non-rectangular tiles are required, they are defined by
the smallest rectangle into which they will fit.
3.17.1 Modular Sizes
This covers tiles and sizes based on M (see IS 10316
where M = 100 mm), 2 M, 3 M and 5 M and also their
multiples or submultiples or sub-divisions, except for
tiles with a surface area of less than 9 000 mm2.
NOTE — The most important examples of modular sizes are
listed in the individual product standards. A general definition
of dimensions is given in Table 1.
3.17.2 Non Modular Sizes
The sizes excluding those that are based on M.
4 CLASSIFICATION
Ceramic tiles are divided into groups according to their
method of manufacture and their water absorption
(see 3.9 and Table 2).
4.1 Methods of Manufacture
See 3.6 (extruded tiles), 3.7 (pressed tiles), and 3.8 (cast
tiles).
4.2 Water Absorption Groups
4.2.1 Tiles of Very Low and Low Water Absorption
(Group I)
a) E ≤ 0.08 percent (Group B Ia) — Ceramic fully
vitrified tiles; and
2
b) 0.08 percent < E ≤ 3 percent (Group B Ib) —
Ceramic porcelain tiles.
4.2.2 Tiles of Medium Water Absorption (Group II)
a) 3 percent < E ≤ 6 percent (Group B IIa) — Ceramic
floor tiles; and
b) 6 percent < E ≤ 10 percent (Group B IIb) —
Ceramic floor tiles.
4.2.3 Tiles of High Water Absorption (Group III)
E >10 percent (Group BIII) — Ceramic wall tiles
5 CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics for different applications of ceramic floor
and wall tiles and the relative importance of each property
in relation to an application are shown in Annex B.
Annex C provides information on the recommended
usage of glazed tiles for flooring application according to
their surface abrasion resistance class.
6 MARKING AND SPECIFICATION
6.1 Marking
Ceramic tiles and/or their packaging shall be marked
as follows:
a) Manufacturer’s mark and/or a suitable work’s
mark and the country of origin;
b) Quality;
c) Reference to the standard with which they comply;
d) Nominal size and work size, modular (M) or non
modular, for example
M 100 mm × 100 mm (W = 98 mm × 98 mm);
or 152 mm × 152 mm (W = 152.4 mm × 152.4 mm);
e) Nature of the tile that is, whether glazed or
unglazed;
f) Nature of the edge-finish, whether rectified or
unrectified; and
g) Nature of the final finishing process, whether
polished or unpolished.
6.2 Specification
A brief specification shall be supplied which shall
include the following:
a) Description of the tile, for example, split, dust
pressed etc;
b) Number of the relevant standard;
c) Classification as given in this standard ( see Table 2);
d) Nominal size and the work size;
e) Nature of tile surface: whether glazed or unglazed;
f) Nature of the edge-finish, whether rectified or
unrectified; and
g) Nature of the final finishing process, whether
polished or unpolished.
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IS 13712 : 2019

7 ORDERING, SAMPLING AND 7.2 Reference shall be made to the individual product
ACCEPTANCE CONDITIONS standards, which deal with the appropriate tolerances,
requirements and acceptance conditions for each
7.1 When an order is placed, items such as size, producer group.
thickness, nature of surface, colour, relief and any
special properties shall be agreed by the parties 7.3 Sampling and basis for acceptance are described in
concerned. a separate standard [see IS 13630 (Part 15)].

Table 1 General Definition of Dimensions

( Clause 3.17.1 )
Sl No. Dimensions Symbol Modular Non-modular
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
N+J
Coordinating
i) C W+J or
dimension
W+J

Nominal N1 W+J ─
ii)
dimension N2 ─ N2 ~ W
iii) Work dimension W W W
iv) Joint width J J J

Table 2 Classification of Ceramic Tiles

According to their Group
[ Clauses 4 and 6.2(c) ]
Water
Group Ia Group Ib Group IIa Group IIb
Absorption Group III
E ≤ 0.08 0.08 percent <E 3 percent <E ≤ 6 percent <E ≤
E >10 percent
percent ≤ 3 percent 6 percent 10 percent
Shaping
A Group AIa Group AIb Group AIIa Group IIba Group AIII
B Group BIa Group BIb Group BIIa Group BIIb Group BIII
C Group CIa Group CIb Group CIIa Group CIIb Group CIII

3
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IS 13712 : 2019

ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
IS No Title IS No. Title
4993 : 1983 Glossary of terms relating to (Part 8) : 2018 Determination of stain and
modular co-ordination (second chemical resistance of glazed tiles
revision) (second revision)
10316 : 1986 Recommendations for modular (Part 9) : 2018 Determination of crazing
coordination — Basic module and resistance of glazed tiles (second
sub modular increments revision)
13630 Ceramic tiles — Methods of test (Part 10) : 2018 Determination of frost resistance
(second revision)
(Part 1) : 2018 Determination of dimensions and (Part 11) : 2018 Determination of resistance to
surface quality (second revision) surface abrasion of glazed tiles
(second revision)
(Part 2) : 2018 Determination of water absorption (Part 12) : 2018 Determination of resistance to
and bulk density (second revision) deep abrasion of unglazed tiles
(second revision)
(Part 3) : 2018 Determination of moisture (Part 13) : 2018 Determination of scratch hardness
expansion using boiling water of surface according to Mohs
(second revision) (second revision)
(Part 4) : 2018 Determination of linear thermal (Part 14) : 2018 Determination of impact
expansion (second revision) resistance by measurement of
coefficient of restitution (  first
revision)
(Part 5) : 2018 Determination of resistance to (Part 15) : 2018 Sampling and basis for acceptance
thermal shock (second revision) (  first revision)
(Part 6) : 2018 Determination of modulus of (Part 16) : 2018 Determination of small color
rupture and breaking strength differences
(second revision)
(Part 7) : 2018 Determination of stain and (Part 17) : 2018 Determination of lead and
chemical resistance of unglazed cadmium given off by glazed tiles
tiles (second revision)

4
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IS 13712 : 2019

ANNEX B
( Clause 5 )
GUIDELINES TO CLASSIFY THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF EACH
PROPERTY IN RELATION TO THE APPLICATION
Sl Characteristics Floors Walls Method of Test,
no. Ref to Part of
Interior Exterior Interior Exterior IS 13630
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
i) Dimension and Surface Quality
a) Length and width x x x x 1
b) Thickness x x x x 1
c) Straightness of sides x x x x 1
d) Rectangularity x x x x 1
e) Surface flatness x x x x 1
f) Surface quality x x x x 1
ii) Physical Properties
a) Water absorption x x x x 2
b) Modulus of rupture and breaking x x x x 6
strength
c) 
Resistance to deep abrasion x x 12
(unglazed)
d) Resistance to abrasion (glazed) x x 11
e) Linear thermal expansion x x x x 4
f) Resistance to thermal shock x x x x 5
g) Resistance to crazing-glazed x x x x 9
h) Frost resistance x x 10
j) Moisture expansion x x x x 3
k) Impact resistance x x x x 14
m) Scratch hardness x x x x 13
n) Bulk density x x
p) Release of lead and cadmium x x 17
q) Small color difference for plain x x 16
colour tiles
r) Slip resistance coefficient of x x Manufacturer
friction to declare value
and test method
iii) Chemical Properties
a) Resistance to stains and chemicals- x x x x 8
glazed
b) Resistance to stains and chemicals- x x x x 7
unglazed
  x – Required

5
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IS 13712 : 2019

ANNEX C
( Clause 5 )
CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZED TILES FOR FLOORING APPLICATIONS
ACCORDING TO THEIR SURFACE ABRASION RESISTANCE
( For Information Only )

C-1 This approximate classification is given as
guidance only (in relation to IS 13630 : Part 11). It is
not meant to be taken as product specification for a
specific requirement.
Class 0 Glazed tiles in this class are not
recommended for use on floors
Class 1 For flooring internal areas that are walked-
on using bare foot or soft-soled footwear
such as bathrooms and bedrooms, and
similar such areas that are expected to be
free from dirt, and out of direct access to
outside areas
Class 2 For flooring internal areas that are walked-
on using bare foot or soft-soled footwear
such as living rooms and kitchens, and
similar such areas that are expected to be
exposed to some dirt due to direct access
to an outside area
Class 3 For flooring of areas that are subjected to
low people traffic such as corridors, lift-
lobby, terrace, air conditioned showrooms
that are reasonably free from tracked-in
dirt etc
Class 4 For flooring areas subjected to regular
people traffic with sufficient scratching
dirt (conditions more severe that 3).
For example, entrances, shops and
establishments with or without air
conditioning, hotel lobbies, etc
Class 5 For flooring areas subjected to heavy
people traffic movement over sustained
periods such as shopping centers, airports,
public walkways, industrial applications
etc.
This classification is valid for the given application
under normal circumstances. Consideration should
be given to the footwear, type of traffic and cleaning
methods expected, and the floors should be adequately
protected against scratching dirt at the entrances to
buildings by interposing footwear cleaning devices. In
extreme cases of very heavy traffic and quantities of
scratching dirt, unglazed tiles from Group B1a may be
considered

6
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IS 13712 : 2019

ANNEX D
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05
Organization Representative(s)
In Personal Capacity (L/109, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi) Shri Ashok Khurana (Chairman)
Ardex Endura India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru Shri K. P. Paulson
Shri Gopinath Krishnan (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, Shri S. K. Gupta
New Delhi Shri Pankaj Gupta (Alternate)
Carborundum Universal Limited, Chennai Shri R. Rajagopalan
Dr N. Ramasubramanian (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
Shri Arun Kumar Tyagi (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri S. K. Singh
Shri Achal Kumar Mittal (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Dr Satyendra Nath Misra
Kolkata
CSIR − Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Rakesh Kumar
Choksi Laboratories Limited, Indore Shri R. D. Mathur
Shri Ramesh Basappa (Alternate)
Construction Chemicals Manufacturers Association, Shri Upen Patel
Navi Mumbai Shri Samir Surlaker (Alternate)
Construction Industry Development Council, Shri P. R. Swarup
New Delhi Shri Ravi Jain (Alternate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Dwk)
Superintending Engineer (P) (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi Col Indra Kumar Jaggi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri J. K. Bhagchandani
Shri Akhilesh Maurya (Alternate)
Gyan Construction Company, Mumbai Representative
H. R. Johnson (India) Limited, Dewas Shri Arun Rao
Indian Council of Ceramic Tiles & Sanitaryware, Shri Arun Rao
New Delhi Shri P. K. Sharma (Alternate)
Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi Shri K. K. Kapila
Lloyd Insulation (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi Shri Mohit Khanna
Shri K. K. Mitra (Alternate)
Mapie Construction Products India Pvt Ltd, Dr G. S. Ravi Shankar
Bengaluru Shri Abhijit Dutta (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Shrimati Mala Mohan
Branch, New Delhi Shrimati Namrata Kohli (Alternate)
Modern Tiles & Marble, New Delhi Shri Subhash Kapoor
Shri Kameswar Rau (Alternate)
Morbi Dhuva Glaze Tiles Association, Morbi Shri Nilesh Jetparia
Shri Jeram Madhav Kavar (Alternate)
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai Representative

7
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IS 13712 : 2019

Organization Representative(s)
MYK Laticrete India, Hyderabad Dr P. Arjunan
Shri N. Radhakanth (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Dr S. K. Breja
Ballabgarh
National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Shri S. C. Jindal
Shri R. P. Khandelwal (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata Shri D. V. S. Prasad
Shri Aloke Dev (Alternate)
National Tiles Corporation, Panchkula Shri Prem Chand Gupta
Shri S. R. Garg (Alternate)
New Delhi Municipal Corporation, New Delhi Representative
Premier Polyfilm Limited, Ghaziabad Dr Sanjeev K. Verma
Shri R. K. Narad (Alternate)
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Executive Director (Works)
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow Shri Ashutosh Kumar (Alternate)
Responsive Industries Limited, Mumbai Shri Rishabh Agarwal
Shri Abhishek Agarwal (Alternate)
Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi Dr P. K. Kaicher
Dr Laxmi Rawat (Alternate)
Somany Ceramic Ltd, Bahadurgarh Shri G. G. Trivedi
Dr Ashutosh Goel (Alternate)
Super Tiles and Marble Private Limited, Mumbai Shri Ashok Rajpurohit
Shri Sudhakar Modi (Alternate)
Ultratech Cement Limited, Mumbai Shri B. Kumar
Xebec Design and Facilities Private Limited, Shri Deepak Gahlowt
New Delhi Shri Samir Banerji (Alternate)
BIS Directorate General Shri Sanjay Pant, Scientist ‘F’ and Head (Civil Engineering)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]

Member Secretary
Shri Srikanth Yajjala
Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

and

Shri Milind Gupta

Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

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development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 05 (10831).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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