BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, HEALTH), ENVIRONMENT & AGRICULTURE
889. (4) Insectivorous plants are : Aldrovanda,
Archaeamphora, Brocchinia, Byblis, Catopsis,
Dionaea, Drosera, Genlisea, Heliampho ra,
Nepenthes, Palaeoaldrovanda, Philcoxia, Roridule,
Sarracenia, Stylidium, Triphyophyllum, Utricularia etc.
890. (1) The term ‘Green Revolution’ was first used in
1968 by former United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) Director William Gaud.
891. (2) The monosaccharides responsible for sweet taste
in fruit is fructose.
892. (2) The Biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems.
It can also be called the Zone of life on Earth. The
Biosphere is the global ecological system integrating
all living beings and their relationships, including their
interaction with the elements of the lithosphere,
hydrosphere and atmosphere.
893. (2) Insect and bird wings are analogous structures
but not homologous structures. They are externally
similar in appearance and function (i.e. for flying),
but have dissimilar developmental plan.
894. (4) A respiratory pigment is a molecule, such as
hemoglobin in humans, that increases the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood. The four most common
invertebrate respiratory pigments are hemoglobin,
haemocyanin, haemerythrin and chlorocruorin.
895. (4) Kala-azar is a chronic and potentially fatal parasitic
disease o f the vi scera (the i nternal organs,
particularly the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph
nodes) which is transmitted by sand fly bites in parts
of Asia (primarily India), Africa (primarily Sudan) and
South America. It is transmitted by the bite of female
sandflies.
896. (4) An insectivorous plant, also called a carnivorous
plant, captures prey items, such as insects, spiders,
crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, as a nitrogen
source. Aldrovanda, Dionaea, Drosera,
Drosophyllum, etc are some of them under the
Droseraceae family.
897. (1) The transition from dormancy to germination in
seeds is a key physiological process during the lifecycle
of plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the sole plant hormone
known to maintain seed dormancy. It acts through a
gene expression network involving the transcription
factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3).
898. (4) The product of the maximum mixing depth and
the average wind speed within the mixing depth is
sometimes used as an indicator of the atmosphere’s
dispersive capability. This product is known as the
ventilation coefficient (m2/s). Values of ventilation
coefficient less than about 6000 m2/s are considered
indicative of high air pollution potential (Portelli and
Lewis, 1987).
899. (3) There are over 20,000 species of fish, divided into
three groups : bony fish, cartilaginous fish and jawless
fish. Bony fish, which are the most numerous, have
skeletons, of bone, and swimbladders (gas-filled organs)
to keep them afloat. Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks,
rays and ratfish, are mostly marine hunters; they have
skeletons made of cartilage and sandpaper-like skin.
The primitive jawless fish have sucker-like mouths,
and include lampreys and hagfish.
900. (3) Sparrow excretes uric acid as its excretory product.
901. (3) Smut of wheat is caused by Ustilago tritici.
SGAE–989
902. (3) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains 2-deoxy-
ribose sugar. It contains cytosine and thymine as
pyrimidine bases and guanine and adenine as purine
bases.
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) contains ribose sugar. It contains
cytosine and uracil as pyrimidine bases and guanine
and adenine as purine bases.
903. (3) Enzymes are defined as biological catalysts.
Chemically all enzymes are globular proteins. Each
enzyme catalyses only one chemical reaction. Protein
part of enzyme is known as Apoenzyme.
904. (4) Time required for the organism to eliminate 50 per
cent of the total body burden or tissue concentration
of chemical is referred to as Half Life Period.
905. (4) The ambient air quality standard (24 hours’ average)
for lead in industrial area is 1.5 µg/m 3
906. (3) The term fine particles, or particulate matter 2.5
(PM2.5), refers to tiny particles or droplets in the air
that are two and one half microns or less in width.
Particles in the PM2.5 size range are able to travel
deeply into the respiratory tract, reaching the lungs.
Exposure to fine particles can cause short-term
health effects such as eye, nose, throat and lung
irritation, coughing, sneezing, runny nose and
shortness of breath. Exposure to fine particles can
also affect lung function and worsen medical
conditions such as asthma and heart disease.
907. (2) Hormonal Proteins are messenger proteins which
help to coordinate certain bodily activities. Examples
include Insulin, Oxytocin, and Somatotropin.
Oxytocin stimulates contractions in females during
childbirth.
908. (3) Primary producers are the organisms in an
ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic
compounds (autotrophs). In almost all cases these
are photosynthetically active organisms (plants,
cyanobacteria and a number of other unicellular
organisms.
909. (1) Salt, fat and leavening agents such as yeast and
baking soda are common ingredients, though bread
may contain other ingredients also. Yeast plays an
important role in bread-making. It ferments and
grows when combined with “food” such as flour and/
or sugar, and warmed. Carbon dioxide is produced
and trapped in the dough as tiny air bubbles which
make the bread rise during cooking and give it its
characteristic texture.
910. (1) Adrenalin is often referred to as ‘emergency
hormones’ because they are released when a person
feels excited. Thus, it is this hormone that often gives
people the strength to do otherwise-impossible deeds
and prevent emergencies.
911. (3) Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease
which begins with a bite from an infected female
Anopheles mosquito, which introduces the protists
through saliva into the circulatory system. In the
blood, the protists travel to the liver to mature and
reproduce.
912. (4) In general, liver is a good source of vitamin A,
iron, zinc, copper and manganese, and a very good
source of protein. There are twenty grams of protein
in a single slice of liver.