CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam TOFD

L2-P2 Issue 1

Name of student:___________________
Date of exam::_____________________

Signature of student_________________

1.
TOFD came to prominence as a result of the need to________

a. Distinguish geometry from real defects

b. Improve detection of nonfusion
c. Characterise porosity
d. Improve flaw sizing

2.
What aspect of tip diffracted signals is used to size flaws?

a. Amplitude
b. Time
c. Phase
d. Both b and c

3.
Who is generally credited with the introduction of the TOFD technique?
a. J.A.G. Temple
b. M. Silk
c. J.P. Charlesworth
d. H. Harwell

4.
In a single zone TOFD set up what is the effect of too much gain

a. Inability to detect porosity

b. Excess scatter losses in grain structure
c. Excessive lateral wave ringing
d. Insensitivity to coupling loss

5.
What does Huygen’s Principle relate to?

a. Phase interference of wavefronts

b. Diffraction angles
c. Point generators of moving wavefronts
d. Shear mode conversion off compression modes

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CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam TOFD
L2-P2 Issue 1

6.
TOFD is a ____________ technique?

a. Backscatter
b. Forward scatter
c. Reflection
d. Fast Fourier

7.
The basic setup for a TOFD configuration uses how many probes?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

8.
Which is not a “main signal” associated with TOFD when setting up the signal sensitivity and
gated region?

a. Lateral wave
b. Backwall Echo
c. Lower flaw tip
d. Mode converted (shear) echo

9.
What is not an advantage of TOFD?

a. Flaw sizing
b. Flaw detection
c. Flaw characterisation
d. Coupling monitoring

10.
Monitoring the amplitude of the lateral wave is a useful method of _______.

a. Flaw sizing
b. Flaw detection
c. Flaw characterisation
d. Coupling monitoring

11.
What aspect of grey-scale presentations make flaws apparent as compared to single A-scans
on a standard UT instrument?

a. Pattern recognition capability

b. Zero offset ability (bias)
c. Acoustic impedance
d. Signal averaging

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CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam TOFD
L2-P2 Issue 1

12.
What item of TOFD equipment would not be considered essential?

a. 1 Probe pair & Probe holder & couplant

b. Pulser-receiver and cabling
c. Data acquisition system (computer with data display)
d. Calibration block

13.
What is the most likely result of TOFD scan with an encoder being moved along the weld too
fast?

a. Missing lines of data

b. Reduced signal amplitudes
c. Undersizing of flaw lengths
d. Loss of couplant

14.
Usually, when setting up a TOFD configuration the crossing point of the centreline of the
centre of beam ray for the pulser and receiver elements should be at what depth (as a
percentage of wall thickness) for a single zone TOFD setup?

a. 16%
b. 45%
c. 66%
d. 98%

15.
What, approximately, is the maximum thickness of a butt weld that should be attempted using
a singe zone TOFD?

a. 25mm
b. 50mm
c. 75mm
d. 100mm

16.
What might be considered the 3 “Dead Zones” of a TOFD configuration?

a. Probe face, Wedge and coupling

b. Lateral wave, backwall and spatial (flaw)
c. Near, Fresnel and Fraunhofer
d. Attenuation, scatter and absorption.

17.

Why are flaws near the test surface are more difficult to size for vertical extent?

a. Upper and lower tips are less separated in time

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CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam TOFD
L2-P2 Issue 1

b. No diffraction is occurring near the test surface

c. Flaws near the surface are usually smaller than deeper flaws
d. The assumption is wrong…all flaws are equal for vertical sizing difficulty
18.
How is the probe’s pulse energy optimised?

a. By use of a tuneable amplifier

b. By use of a tuneable pulser
c. By the half wave matching plate
d. It is not possible to optimise pulse energy

19.
Why is signal averaging used in TOFD?

a. Flaw amplitude sizing

b. To reduce electrical noise effects
c. To reduce grain noise effects
d. To establish a mean error for length sizing from baseline measurements

20.
What aspect of instrument linearity is carried out on ultrasonic systems used for TOFD?

a. Amplitude control
b. Screen height
c. Timebase
d. All of the above

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CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam TOFD
L2-P2 Issue 1

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