PAUT Ultrasonic Testing Procedure ASME - SVDN Rev 01E

ALPHA INSPECTION JSC (ALPHANDT)
No. 37, Road No. A4 , Ward 12 , Tan Binh District ,

Ho Chi Minh City ,Vietnam
Tel: +84 (28) 54495117 ,Fax: +84 (28) 54495118.
PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TESTING

PROCEDURE
Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018
01E 13.07.2020 Issued for Approval P.X.VINH H.T.TINH
Purpose Prepared by Approved by

Rev No. Issue Day
NDE level II NDE level III
PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE
REVISION RECORD SHEET
No. Rev. No. Content of revision Date
1 01E Issued for Approval 13.07.2020
10
11
12
13
14
15
Note: Third column is to be filled in, when the document is being updated/modified
Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 2 of 29

CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 REFERENCE ............................................................................................................ 4
3.0 PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 4
4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ............................................................................. 8
5.0 EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................ 8
6.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS/ SCANNER BLOCK .................................................... 12
7.0 TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................................ 12
8.0 CALIBRATION ...................................................................................................... 12
9.0 EXAMINATION..................................................................................................... 17
10.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW LENGTH. ............................................................... 18
11.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS ............................. 19
12.0 SCAN PLAN ........................................................................................................... 23
13.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL .................................................................. 23
14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .................................................................................... 23
15.0 DOCUMENTATION .............................................................................................. 24
16.0 RECORDS .............................................................................................................. 24
Figure 1: CALIBRATION BLOCKS .................................................................................. 26
APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT......................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX 2 – CALIBATION REPORT .......................................................................... 28
APPENDIX 3 – SCAN PLAN ............................................................................................ 29

1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This procedure using phased array ultrasonic examination using Olympus NDT
Omniscan MX2 Phased Array System using semi-auto scanner for the NDT personnel
performing examination on materials and weld.
1.2 This procedure shall in accordance with Article 4, Mandatory Appendix VII
“Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for a Workmanship Based Acceptance
Criteria” of ASME Section V and DNVGL-ST-F101_2017.
1.3 This procedure to be used for detecting, locating and evaluating indications within the
welds and heat affected zone using the contact inspection technique for carbon steel
and alloy steel for Pipeline 26’’x23.8 &19.1mm and 18’’x17.5 mm.
2.0 REFERENCE
- ASME Section V, Article 1 and Article 4, 2019 edition
- SNT-TC-1A, 2016 edition;
- DNVGL-ST-F101_2017: Submarine Pipeline Systems
- ISO 9712: Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT –
personnel;
- 191364-TPGM-15-SPE-0002_Spec for Pipeline Welding and NDT-SV to
NCS2 Rev.0
- 191364-TPGM-15-SPE-0003_Specification for Pipeline Welding and NDT-
TU to SV_1
- AlphaNDT’s Written Practice No: 8408-30-01 Rev.10E.
3.0 PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS
Phased Array Ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written

procedure which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirements listed in Table 3.1. The
written procedure shall establish a single value, or range of values, for each
requirement:

Table 3.1 : Requirements of an Phased Array Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

Workmanship
Procedure
No. Requirement Non Remark
Essential Paragraph No.
essential
Weld configurations examined, including joint design

Butt Joints,
1 thickness and base material product form (pipe, plate, X 1.5
Tube,Pipe
etc)
2 Surfaces from which examination is performed X 9.4
Surface condition (examination surface, calibration
3 X 6.2,6.3
block)
4 Weld axis reference system and marking X
5 Personnel qualification requirements X 4.0
6 Personnel performance demonstration (if required X
7 Primary reference reflector and level X 8.4
8 Calibration (calibration block(s) and technique(s) X 6.0, 8.0
Standardization method and reflectors (wedge
9 X 8.0
delay, sensitivity, TCG)
10 Computerized data acquisition X 4.0
11 Wedge cut/natural refracted angle X 12.0
12 Wedge contouring and/or stabilizing features X 12.0
13 Wedge height X 12.0
14 Wedge roof angle, if applicable X 12.0
15 Wedge type (solid wedge, water column, etc.) X 5.2, 12.0

16 Wedge material X 5.2
17 Scanner type and fixturing X 5.5
Search unit mechanical fixturing device
18 (manufacturer and model), adhering and guiding X 5.5
mechanism
19 Search unit separation, if applicable X
20 Couplant brand name or type X 5.4
Instrument manufacturer and model, including all Omni Scan
21 X 1.1, 5.1
related operating modules MX2
22 Instrument software and revision [Note (1)] X 5.3
Use of separate data analysis software and revision
23 X 5.3
[Note (1)]
Search unit type (linear, dual linear, dual matrix,
24 X 5.2
tandem, etc.)
Search unit detail (frequency, element size,
25 X 12.0
number pitch, gap dimensions, element shape)
Technique(s) straight beam, angle beam, contact, angle beam -
26 X 7.0
and/or immersion) Contact
Angle(s) and mode(s) of wave propagation in the
27 X 5.0 and 7.0
material
28 Direction and extent of scanning X 9.3
29 Scanning technique (line vs. raster) X 5.5

Scanning technique (automated vs.

30 X 5.5
semiautomated)
31 Scanning (manual vs. encoded) X
32 Scan increment (decrease in overlap) X 9.3
33 Use of scan gain over primary reference level X 8.5
Virtual aperture size (i.e., number of elements,
34 X 12.0
effective height, and element width)
Focus length and plane (identify plane projection,
35 X 12.0
depth, or sound path, etc.)
Special search unit, wedge, shoes or saddles, when
36 X 5.2
used
Range of element numbers used (i.e., 1–126, 10–
37 X 12.0 E-Scan
50, etc.)
38 Element incremental change (i.e., 1, 2, etc.) X 12.0 E-Scan
39 Rastering angle X 12.0 S-Scan
40 Aperture start and stop numbers X 12.0 E-Scan
41 Aperture element numbers (first and last) X 12.0 S-Scan
Decrease in angular range used (i.e., 40 deg to 50 12.0
42 X S-Scan
deg, 50 deg to 70 deg, etc.)
Maximum angle incremental change (i.e., 1/2 deg, 12.0
43 X S-Scan
1 deg, etc.)
For compound E-scan and S-scan: all E-scan and S-
44 X 12.0
scan variables apply
45 Digitizing frequency X N/A
Net digitizing frequency (considers digitization
46 frequency together with points quantity or other X N/A
data compression)
47 Instrument dynamic range setting X 12.0
48 Pulser voltage X
49 Pulse type and width X
50 Filters and smoothing X
51 Pulse repetition frequency X
52 Maximum range setting X
53 Use of digital gain X
Method for discriminating geometric from flaw
54 X 11.0
indications
55 Flaw characterization methodology X 11.0
56 Method for measuring flaw length X 11.0
57 Method for measuring flaw heigh N/A N/A
Method for determining indication location N/A
58 N/A
relative to surface
Method for determining indication relative to N/A
59 N/A
other indications
Records, including minimum calibration data to be X
60
recorded (e.g., instrument settings)
61 Post-exam cleaning X 9.5

GENERAL NOTE: NA = not applicable.

NOTE:
(1) Use of later software revisions shall be evaluated by the Level III for their impact on the functions as
used. A limited extension of qualification may be determined to prove software functions. For example,
addition of a software feature more capable than that already qualified may be qualified by reanalysis of
existing data. If a revision is implemented, personnel shall receive training in use of the revised software.
When procedure qualification is specified by the referencing Code Section, a change of a

requirement in Table 3.1 identified as an essential variable from the specified value, or range
of values, shall require requalification of the written procedure. A change of a requirement
identified as a nonessential variable from the specified value, or range of values, does not
require requalification of the written procedure. All changes of essential or nonessential
variables from the value, or range of values, specified by the written procedure shall require
revision of, or an addendum to, the written procedure.

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
Personnel performing NDT and interpretation of test results shall be certified to Level
2 by a Certification Body or Authorised Qualifying Body in accordance with ISO 9712
or the ASNT Central Certification Program (ACCP). Personnel qualification to an
employer based qualification scheme as SNT-TC-1A may be accepted if the employer’s
written practice is reviewed and found acceptable and the Level 3 is ASNT Level III or
ACCP Professional Level III and certified in the applicable method.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
All the equipment mentioned in the appendix 2 shall be checked by all parties at
site before the work's commencement and sign off.
5.1 PHASED ARRAY INSTRUMENT.
OLYMPUS MX AND MX2 as specification as table 5.1 shall be used.
Table 5.1: PHASED ARRAY EQUIMENT MAINFRAME AND PHASED ARRAY

MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
Overall dimensions (W x H x 325 mm x 235 mm x 130 mm (12.8
D) in. x 9.3 in. x 5.1 in.)
General
3.2 kg (7 lb), no module and one
Weight
battery
SDHC card*, most standard USB
storage devices, or fast Ethernet.
Storage devices
Data Storage *Lexar® brand memory cards are
recommended for optimized results.
Data file size 300 MB
USB ports 3
Audio alarm Yes
I/O Ports
Video output Video out (SVGA)
Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
2-axis encoder line (quadrature, up,
Encoder
down, or clock/direction)
Digital input 4 digital TTL inputs, 5 V
Digital output 4 digital TTL outputs, 5 V, 15 mA
Remote acquisition enabled TTL, 5
Acquisition on/off switch
V
I/O Lines
5 V, 500 mA power output line
Power output line
(short-circuit protected)
Alarms 3 TTL, 5 V, 15 mA
2 analog outputs (12 bits) ±5 V in 10
Analog output
kΩ
Pace input 5 V TTL pace input
Display size 26.4 cm (10.4 in.) (diagonal)
Display
Resolution 800 pixels x 600 pixels

Brightness 700 cd/m2

Number of colors 16 million
Type TFT LCD
Battery type Smart Li-ion battery
1 or 2 (battery chamber
Power Supply Number of batteries accommodates two hot-swappable
batteries)
Battery life Minimum 7 hours with two batteries
-10 °C to 45 °C
Operating temperature range
(14 ºF to 113 ºF)
-20 °C to 60 °C (-4 ºF to 140 ºF)
with batteries
Storage temperature range
-20 °C to 70 °C (-4 ºF to 158 ºF)
Environmental without batteries
Specifications
Max. 70% RH at 45°C
Relative humidity
noncondensing
Ingress Protection Rating Designed for IP66
Drop-tested according to MIL-STD-
Shockproof rating
810G 516.6
MXU 4.1R8 and later OMNI-M2-PA32128PR
MXU 4.0 and later OMNI-M2-PA1664
OMNI-M2-PA16128
MX2 Module
Compatibility OMNI-M2-PA32128
OMNI-M2-UT-2CH
MXU 3.1 and MXU 4.1R12
OMNI-M-UT-8CH
and later
5.2 PHASED ARRAY PROBES AND WEDGE:
A) PROBES
- The application requirements will dictate the design of the phased array probe used.
Phased array probes may be used with a removable or integral wedge, delay line.
- Phased array probes used for weld examination shall be of 1D design.
- The number of elements in the phased array probe and the element dimensions and
pitch shall be selected based on the application requirements and the manufacturer’s
recommended limitations.
- The probe selected shall not have more elements than the number of elements
addressable by the pulser-receivers available in the phased array instrument being
used.
- When refracting wedges are used to assist beam steering, the natural incident angle
of the wedge shall be selected such that the angular sweep range of the examination
technique used does not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended limits for the
probe and mode (compression or transverse) used.
- Refracting wedges used on curved surfaces shall require contouring to match the
surface curvature if the curvature causes a gap between the wedge and examination
surface exceeding 0.5 mm (0.020 in.) at any point.

- The detail of probes (size, number of element, frequency…) shall be described in

scan plan of this document
B) WEDGE
Rexolite shall be used. Detail of wedge shall be described in scan plan of this
document.
As required by (a) and (b) below, examinations performed on a curved component
having a diameter less than 14 in. (350 mm) (at the examination surface) shall be
performed using a contoured wedge, to ensure sufficient ultrasonic coupling is
achieved and to limit any potential rocking of the search unit as it is moved along
the circumference of the component.
(a) Search units shall be contoured as required by the following equation:
Where:
A = length of search unit footprint during circumferential scanning or the width
when scanning in the axial direction, in. (mm)
D = the component diameter at inspection surface (I.D./O.D.), in. (mm)
The footprint is defined as the physical dimension of the search unit in the curved
direction of the component.
(b) The search unit contoured dimension shall be selected from the tables in (1) and
(2) below, and shall be determined using the same component dimension from
which the examination is being performed (I.D. or O.D.).
(1 ) Maximum contour for examinations performed from O.D.
(2) Minimum contour for examinations performed from I.D.
5.3 SOFTWARE ANALISYS
Table 5.3: Software Analysis Specification

TomoView
Feature
Analysis
Metric and Imperial Units 
Multi-group Combined Display (PA, UT, and TOFD) 
Ability to Zoom in/out in Display 
Predefined Weld Overlay Display 
Selectable Information Groups (Readings) 
Offline Data Management and Processing 
Indication Table Tools 
Built-in Report Generator (Customizable) 
Ability to Modify/Create Color Palette 
Offline Thickness C-Scan Tool 
Offline TOFD Calibration 
TOFD Lateral Wave Synchronization Tool 
TOFD Lateral Wave Removal Tool 
TOFD SAFT Tool 
Volumetric Merge Tool (Automatic or Manual) 
Software Gain Adjustment 
Custom Layouts (Creation and Saving) 
Zone Tool for Statistical Measurements 
3D Cursor 
Ability to Open Multiple Files Simultaneously 
Data File Merging 
C-Scan Data Merging 
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Analysis Tool 
Binarizer Processing Tool 
Matrix Filters Tool 
Backwall Following C-Scan Tool 
Hysteresis Correction 
Ability to Export Data Group in .txt File 
FFT Calculation 
Microsoft Excel® Exchanges for Custom Readings 
Acoustic Field Simulation (AFiSiMO) 
Polar View Display 
A-Scan Resynchronization Tool 
5.4 COUPLANT
The couplant used is water, cellulose paste or grease
5.5 SCANNING MECHANISMS
Semi-auto scanner shall be used
Line scanning techniques shall be used

6.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS/ SCANNER BLOCK
6.1 REFLECTORS
Side drilled holes shall be used to establish primary reference responses of the
equipment according with table D-1-DNVGL-OS-F101_2017.
Calibration block 26”x20mm is machined form pipe 26’’x23.8mm shall cover for pipe
26’’x23.8mm,19.1mm and 18’’17.5mm (See figure 1)
6.2 BLOCK MATERIALS
The reference block shall normally be manufactured from the actual material tested.
6.3 SURFACE FINISH
The finish on the scanning surfaces of the block shall be representative of the scanning
surface finishes on the component to be examined.
7.0 TECHNIQUES
The techniques described in this procedure are intended for applications where probes
are used to produce:
- Angle beam longitudinal waves, where both refracted longitudinal and shear
waves are present in the material under examination. Dual matrix probes with
high refract angle shall be used (Dual Matrix A17 and A27 probes).
- Angle beam shear waves, where incident angles in wedges produce only
refracted shear waves in the material under examination are generally termed
angle beam examinations. (linear A12,A15 and A32 probes shall be used)
Detail of beam angle, mode of wave propagation in material shall be detailed in
plan scan.
8.0 CALIBRATION
8.1 ENCODER CALIBRATION
A calibration check shall be performed at intervals not to exceed one month or prior to
first use thereafter, by moving the encoder a minimum distance of 20 in. (500 mm). The
display distance shall be within 1% of the actual distance moved.
8.2 VELOCITY CALIBRATION

- The velocity calibration wizard use Radius option for measuring the velocity of
a component that are compatible with both shear and longitudinal beams.
- This options require 2 reflectors (radius) at known positions
- Select Wizard for Velocity Calibration
- Select Echo Type radius and enter the values for radius 1 and 2.
- Adjust the gain for a signal and ensure that neither target 1 or 2 is saturated.

- Adjust the range over the targets.

- Set the gate A start, width, and threshold over thickness 1.
- Select Get Position. The time of flight position of thickness 1 is recorded
- Set the gate A start, width, and threshold over thickness 2.
- Select Get Position. The time of flight position of thickness 2 is recorded and
the velocity will be calculated
8.3 WEDGE CALIBRATION

- Inputting the wedge, probe, and component parameters correctly into the group
set up wizard is the most accurate means of arriving at the correct wedge delay.
- Enter the wedge delay calibration wizard
- Select Echo Type Radius
- Select the last angle to be used in the calibration
- Set the position of gate A to cover the radius
- Select Clear Envelope and move the probe across the calibration block passing
each focal law through the 100mm radius maximum amplitude position
- After selecting calibrate, move the probe over the block again passing each focal
law through the 100mm radius maximum amplitude position to verify that the
wedge delay was modified correctly.
- If the wedge delay calibration was successful the new white envelope trace will
be contained within the tolerance window indicating all focal laws are detecting
the 100mm radius +/- 1mm.
- Calibrate can be selected repeatedly improving the calibration until the white
envelope trace is contained within the +/- 1mm tolerance
8.4 SENSITIVITY CALIBRATION (Angle Corrected Gain (ACG))

- After completing the group setup wizard process, position the probe so that the
calibration target can be seen in the S-scan.

- Enter the reference amplitude. (default 80%) All focal laws will be adjusted to
this amplitude by addition of a focal law gain offset after sensitivity wizard
completion.
- Enter tolerance of 5%. The tolerance is a visual indicator for amplitude
verification after the sensitivity calibration correction
- Select the last focal law to be calibrated for sensitivity. When there are no
obstructions from corners or adjacent calibration targets the entire sector scan
can be calibrated at one time
- Set the start and width of gate A to ensure that the calibration target can be
detected by all focal laws in the S-scan.
- Set the gate A threshold as low as possible to ensure the last focal law can be
detected. Gate thresholds below approximately 10% may have an amplitude
error beyond the tolerance when the focal law gain offset is calculated to correct
to 80%.
- Gain compensation is a tool that is used to ease calibration, The longer the sound
path to the calibration target, the more gain is added
- Move the probe across the calibration block with consistent pressure and
coupling.
- As the calibration target travels through the gate of each focal law the green
envelope records the maximum amplitude detected.
- The MX2 will calculate the required gain offset in dB for each focal law to
correct to 80%. Focal laws with amplitude over 80% but less than 100% will
receive a negative gain offset.
- Successful sensitivity calibration of the S-scan is visualized by repeating the
probe movement over the calibration block with all focal laws corrected to 80%
amplitude within the tolerance.
- If any focal law is over 100% after calibration the complete process must be
repeated by selecting Restart. Saturated focal laws cannot be corrected.
- Calibrate may be selected repeatedly until all laws are within tolerance.
8.5 TCG CALIBRATION

- The targets used for TCG calibration should cover the entire range of the area
of interest for the inspection and specified in the work procedure.
- Enter the reference amplitude. (default 80%) All focal laws will be adjusted to
this amplitude by addition of a TCG gain offset for that point
- Enter tolerance. The tolerance is a visual indicator for amplitude verification
after the sensitivity calibration correction
- Set the gate A start position just before the first SDH in the S-scan.
- Enter the reference amplitude. (Typically 80%)
- Select set to 80%. This will automatically adjust the amplitude of the signal in
gate A to 80% by adjusting the general gain.
- Select the last focal law to be calibrated for the TCG point.

- Adjust the general gain if needed. Unlike the sensitivity calibration, the TCG
wizard will not allow any point over 80% amplitude to be corrected.
- Adjust the start and range to ensure sufficient range for all required TCG points
to be detected by all focal laws in the S-scan.
- Set the start and width of gate A to ensure that the calibration target can be
detected by all focal laws in the S-scan.
- Set the gate A threshold as low as possible to ensure the last focal law can be
detected. Gate thresholds below approximately 10% may have an amplitude
error beyond the tolerance when the focal law gain offset is calculated to correct
to 80%
- Move the probe across the calibration block with consistent pressure and
coupling.
- As the calibration target travels through the gate of each focal law the green
envelope records the maximum amplitude.
- Successful TCG sensitivity calibration of the S-scan is visualized by repeating
the probe movement over the calibration block with all focal laws corrected to
80% amplitude within the tolerance
- Re-check sensitivity setting on notch of calibration block for all angle beam so
that the response of reflector shall not less than 100% TGC.
8.6 INSTRUMENT LINEARITY CHECKS
Results shall be recorded on Calibration report form in Appendix 2.

8.6.1 Screen Height Linearity
- Position a search unit on a calibration block to obtain indications from the two
calibration reflectors.
- Alternatively, a straight beam search unit may be used on any calibration block
that will provide amplitude differences with sufficient signal separation to
prevent overlapping of the two signals.
- Adjust the search unit position to give a 2:1 ratio between the two indications,
with the larger indication set at 80% of full screen height (FSH) and the smaller
indication at 40% of FSH.
- Without moving the search unit set the larger indication to 100% of FSH; record
the amplitude of the smaller indication, estimated to the nearest 1% of FSH.
- Successively set the larger indication from 100% to 20% of FSH in 10%
increments (or 2 dB steps if a fine control is not available); observe and record
the smaller indication estimated to the nearest 1% of FSH at each setting. The
reading must be 50% of the larger amplitude within +5% of FSH.
8.6.2 Amplitude Control Linearity
- Position a search unit on a calibration block to obtain maximum amplitude from
a calibration reflector.

- As a minimum, the amplitude control linearity shall be performed to document

linearity at both ends of the gain range being used with the equipment.
- Without moving the search unit, set the indication to the required percent
of FSH and increase or decrease the dB as specified on the Ultrasonic
Instrument Linearity Verification. The estimated signal shall be recorded to
the nearest 1% of FSH and shall fall within the limits
8.6.3 Element Check
- Connect the phased array probe to be tested to the phased-array ultrasonic
instrument and remove any delay line or refracting wedge from the probe.
- Acoustically couple the probe to the 25-mm thickness of an IIW (International
Institute of Welding) block with a uniform layer of couplant.
- Configure an electronic scan consisting of one element that is stepped along one
element at a time for the total number of elements in the array. (This should
ensure that the pulser-receiver number 1 is used in each focal law or if the
channel is selectable it should be the same channel used for each element). Set
the pulser parameters to optimize the response for the nominal frequency of the
probe array and establish a pulse-echo response from the block backwall or
waterpath to 80 % display height for each element in the probe.
- Observe the A-scan display for each elemen signal amplitude for each element.
- The number of inactive elements allowed should be based on performance of
other capabilities such as focusing and steering as of the focal laws being used.
if more than 25 % of the elements in a probe are inactive, sensitivity and steering
capabilities may be compromised. Similarly, the number of adjacent elements
allowed to be inactive should be determined by the steering and electronic raster
resolution required by the application.
Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 … … 59 61 62 63 64
Gain
Active
inactive
Table 1: Probe Element Activity Chart
8.7 TEMPERATURE OF CALIBRATION.

- The temperature differential between the calibration block and examination
surfaces shall be within 25°F (14°C). For immersion examination, the couplant
temperature for calibration shall be within 25°F (14°C) of the couplant
temperature for examination.
8.8 CALIBRATION CONFIRMATION

8.7.1. System Changes.
When any part of the examination system is changed, a calibration check shall be made
on the basic calibration block to verify that distance range points and sensitivity
setting(s) satisfy the requirements of 8.7.3.
8.7.2. Calibration Checks.

A calibration check on at least one of the reflectors in the basic calibration block or a
check using a simulator shall be performed at the completion of each examination or
series of similar examinations, and when examination personnel (except for automated
equipment) are changed. The distance range and sensitivity values recorded shall satisfy
the requirements 8.7.3.
8.7.3. Confirmation Acceptance Values.
a. Distance Range Points.
If any distance range point has moved on the sweep line by more than 10% of the
distance reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever is greater, correct the distance range
calibration and note the correction in the examination record. All recorded indications
since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be reexamined and their values
shall be changed on the data sheets or re-recorded.
b. Sensitivity Settings.
If any sensitivity setting has changed by more than 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, correct
the sensitivity calibration and note the correction in the examination record. If the
sensitivity setting has decreased, all data sheets since the last valid calibration check
shall be marked void and the area covered by the voided data shall be re-examined. If
the sensitivity setting has increased, all recorded indications since the last valid
calibration or calibration check shall be re-examined and their values shall be changed
on the data sheets or re-recorded.
8.9 SYSTEM CONFIRMATION SCAN

The scanner block shall be scanned and the reference reflector indications recorded to
confirm system calibration prior to and at the completion of each examination or series
of similar examinations, when examination personnel are changed.
9.0 EXAMINATION
9.1 EXAMINATION COVERAGE.

The examined shall be scanned using a linear scanning technique with an encoder. Each
linear scan shall be parallel to the weld axis at a constant standoff distance with the
beam oriented perpendicular to the weld axis.
(a) The search unit shall be maintained at a fixed distance from the weld axis by a fixed
guide or mechanical means.
b) The examination angle(s) for E-scan and range of angles for S-scan shall be
appropriate for the joint to be examined.
(c) Scanning speed shall be such that data drop-out is less than 2 data lines per inch (25
mm) of the linear scan length and that there are no adjacent data line skips.
(e) For S-scan techniques, the angular sweep incremental change shall be a maximum
of 1 deg. or sufficient to assure 50% beam overlap.
(f) When multiple linear scans are required to cover the required volume of weld and
base material, overlap between adjacent linear scans shall be a minimum of 10% of the
effective aperture height for E-scans or beam width for S-scans

(g) When multi scans are required to cover full length of weld, overlap of scanning shall
be 50 mm or larger.
9.2 SCANNING SENSITIVITY LEVEL.

The scanning sensitivity level shall be set a minimum of 6 dB higher than the reference
level gain setting.
9.3 REFLECTORS PARALLEL TO THE WELD SEAM.
9.3.1 Scan from both side

The angle beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to the weld axis from both
sides of the weld (i.e., from two directions) on the same surface when possible.
9.3.2 Scan from one side /Inaccessible Welds

Welds that cannot be examined from at least one side using the angle beam technique
shall also be examined. These areas of Inaccessible welds shall be noted in the
examination report.
9.4 SURFACE PREPARATION
(a) Base Metal

The base metal on each side of the weld shall be free of weld spatter, surface
irregularities, or foreign matter that might interfere with the examination.
The parent metal, in the scanning zone shall be tested with straight beam (normal)
probes by manual, auto or semi auto. The scanning zone is defined as maximum index
offset plus length of wedge of applicable phased array angle probes
(b) Weld Metal

Where the weld surface interferes with the examination, it shall be prepared for the
permission of the examination by grinding or suitable method.
The weld metal shall be tested for transverse indication by manual UT.
9.5 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING

The couplant or any contaminations have to clean after completion work
10.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW LENGTH.

- Flaw lengths parallel to the surface can be measured from the distance encoded
D or C-scan images using amplitude 6dB drop techniques by placing the vertical
cursors on the extents of the flaw displayed on the D- or C-scan display. (Picture
1)

Picture 1: Flaw Length Sizing
11.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS
11.1 ID (INSIDE DIAMETER) CONNECTED CRACK
These typically show multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan. There
is a distinct start and stop on the A-scan, and a significant echo-dynamic travel to the
signal as the probe is moved in and out from the weld (if the crack has significant
vertical extent). The reflector is usually detectable and can be plotted from both sides
of the weld. The reflector should plot to the correct I.D. depth reference or depth
reading, as shown in Picture 1.
Picture 1- S-Scan of I.D. Connected Crack

11.2 Lack of Sidewall Fusion
LOF (Lack of Fusion) plots correctly on the weld fusion line, either through geometrical
plotting or via weld overlays. There may be a significantly different response from each
side of the weld. LOF is usually detected by several of the angles in an S-scan from the

same position. The A-scan shows a fast rise and fall time with short pulse duration
indicative of a planar flaw. There are no multiple facets or tips. Skewing the probe
slightly does not produce multiple peaks or jagged facets as in a crack. There may be
mode converted multiple signals that rise and fall together and maintain equal
separation. Picture 2 shows an example.
Picture 2 - E-Scan of LOF in Midwall

11.3 Porosity.
Porosity shows multiple signal responses, varying in amplitude and position. The
signals plot correctly to the weld volume. The signals’ start and stop positions blend
with the background at low amplitude. The A-scan slow rise and fall time with long
pulse duration is indicative of a non-planar flaw. Porosity may or may not be detected
from both sides of the weld, butshould be similar from both sides. Picture 3 shows an
example of porosity.
Picture 3- S-Scan of Porosity, Showing Multiple Reflectors

11.4 OD (Outside Diameter) Toe Crack .
Toe cracks typically show multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan.
There is significant echo-dynamic travel to the signal as the probe is moved in and out
from the weld. The reflector is usually detectable and can be plotted from at the correct
O.D. depth reference line or depth reading. Normally, toe cracks are best characterized
on S-scans and lower angle E-scan channels. Picture 4 shows an example.
Picture 4-O.D. Toe Crack Detected Using S-Scan

11.5 Incomplete Penetration.
Incomplete Penetration (IP) typically shows high amplitude signals with significant
echo-dynamic travel or travel over the I.D. skip line. IP will typically respond and plot
from both sides of the weld in common weld geometries near centerline reference
indicators. Generally, IP is detected on all channels, with highest amplitude on a high
angle E-scan. The A-scan shows a fast rise and fall time with short pulse duration
indicative of a planar flaw. Picture 4 shows an IP signal.
Note that IP must be addressed relative to the weld bevel. For example, a double V weld
will have IP in the midwall, whereas a single V bevel will be surface-breaking.
However, the rise-fall time of the signal is similar to that for toe cracks and other root
defects. This requires extra care on the part of the operator. Note that incomplete
penetration can look similar to surface lack of sidewall fusion.

Picture 5- IP Signal on S-Scan, Positioned on Root

11.6 Slag
Slag typically shows multiple facets and edges visible in the A-scan and S-scan. The
A-scan shows a slow rise and fall time with long pulse duration, indicative of a non-
planar flaw. Typically slag shows lower amplitude than planar flaws, and may be
difficult to distinguish from porosity, or from some smaller planar defects. Slag is
typically detectable from both sides, can be plotted from both sides of the weld and is
often best characterized using an S-scan. A slag reflector will typically plot to the
correct depth area and reference lines that coincide to the weld volume. Picture 6 shows
an example.
Picture 6-Slag Displayed as a Midwall Defect on S-Scan

12.0 SCAN PLAN
A scan plan (documented examination strategy) shall be provided showing search unit
placement and movement that provides a standardized and repeatable methodology for
the examination. All information of scan plan shall be showed in appendix 3
13.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL
13.1 EVALUATION OF LAMINAR REFLECTORS

Reflectors evaluated as laminar reflectors in the base material which interfere with the
scanning of the examination volume shall require the scan plan to be modified such that
the maximum feasible volume is examined and shall be noted in the record of the
examination
13.2 EVALUATION OF WELDED REFLECTORS
All indications equal to or exceeding 33% of the reference curve (evaluation level)
shall be evaluated.
14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

The quality of welds shall normally comply with table below for strain level less than
0.4%
Acceptance criteria for ultrasonic testing of welds 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Base material thickness 8 mm ≤ t < 15 mm Base material thickness 15 mm ≤ t ≤ 150 mm

Max. echo amplitude Corresponding acceptable Max. echo amplitude Corresponding acceptable
indication length, L (mm) indication length, L (mm)
Reference level(TCG) L ≤ t (but max. 8 mm) TCG + 4 dB L ≤ 0.5t (but max. 12.5 mm)
0.5 t < L ≤ t (but max. 25
TCG – 6 dB L > t (but max. 8 mm) TCG – 2 dB
mm)
L > t (but max. 25 mm in
- - TCG – 6 dB
both outer t/3)
L > t (but max. 50 mm in
- - TCG – 6 dB
middle t/3)
Cracks are not permitted.
For welds in duplex stainless steel, CRAs and clad/lined steel: Lack of fusion and lack of penetration are
not permitted.
Transverse indications: Indications shall be considered as transverse if the echo amplitude transversely
exceeds the echo amplitude from the same indication longitudinally with more than 2 dB. Transverse
indications are unacceptable unless proven not to be planar, in which case the acceptance criteria for
longitudinal indications apply.
Total accumulation of discontinuities: The total length of acceptable indications with echo amplitude of
reference level – 6 dB and above shall not exceed 3 t, maximum 100 mm in any weld length of 300 mm nor
more than 12% of total weld length. Any accumulation of defects in any cross section of weld that may
constitute a leak path or reduce the effective thickness of weld more than t/3 is not acceptable.
If only one side of the weld is accessible for testing 6 dB shall be subtracted from the maximum echo
permitted above.

Notes:
1) Reference level is defined as the echo amplitude corresponding to the echo from the reflector in the
reference blocks or equivalent reflector.
2) All indications exceeding 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that the
operator determines the shape, length and location of the imperfection.
3) Indications that cannot be established with certainty shall whenever possible be tested with
radiography. Indications that are type determined in this way shall meet the RT acceptance criteria.
4) Longitudinal imperfections where the echo height intermittently is below and above the acceptance
level shall if possible be investigated with radiography. Indications that are determined in this way
shall meet the RT acceptance criteria. If radiography cannot be performed, the length shall not exceed
3 t, maximum 100 mm in any weld length of 300 mm.
5) Length and depth shall be determined by an appropriate method.
6) Detectable imperfections are not permitted in any intersection of welds.
7) Systematic imperfections that are distributed at regular distances over the length of the weld are
not permitted even if the size of any single imperfection meets the requirements above.
In case strain level equal or over 0.4%, Acceptance criterial for pipeline girth welds
can be based on an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA)
15.0 DOCUMENTATION
Results of ultrasonic examination shall be reported on the Phased Array and
examination report sheet. All Phased Array examination data, A-scans, B, C, D, and S
Scans shall be saved as a digital encoded recording.
The Ultrasonic Profile, Ultrasonic Calibration, and Ultrasonic Instrument Linearity
verification (if applicable) shall be considered part of the examination report, assigned
the NDT Report Log Numbers, and page numbered appropriately.
All NDT procedure qualification documentation shall be maintained as quality control
record.
16.0 RECORDS
16.1 Ultrasonic examination results shall be recorded in the attached form by certified
personnel who perform the ultrasonic examination.
16.2 For each ultrasonic examination, the following information shall be recorded:
a. procedure identification and revision;
b. ultrasonic instrument identification (including manufacturer's serial number);
c. search unit(s) identification(including manufacturer's serial number, frequency,
and size);
d. beam angle(s) used;
e. couplant used, brand name or type:
f. search unit cable(s) used, type and length:
g. special equipment when used (search units, wedges, shoes, automatic scanning
equipment, recording equipment, etc.);
h. computerized program identification and revision when used;
i. calibration block identification;
j. simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s) identification when used;
k. instrument reference level gain and, if used, damp
l. calibration data [including reference reflector(s), indication amplitude(s), and
distance reading(s)];

m. data correlating simulation block(s) and electronic simulator(s), when used, with
initial calibration;
n. identification and location of weld or volume scanned;
o. surface(s) from which examination was conducted, including surface condition;
p. map or record of rejectable indications detected or areas cleared;
q. areas of restricted access or inaccessible welds;
r. examination personnel identity and, when required by referencing Code Section,
qualification level;
s. date and time examinations were performed. Items (b) through (m) may be
included in a separate calibration record provided the calibration record
identification is included in the examination record.
t. search unit element size, number, and pitch and gap dimensions
u. focal law parameters, including, as applicable, angle, element numbers used,
range of elements, element incremental change, angular range, and angle
incremental change
v. instrument settings to include, as a minimum, excitation pulse type, duration
and voltage settings, digitization rate (e.g., nominal rate as affected by
compression and points quantity), rectification, pulse repetition rate, range
start and stop, band pass filters, smoothing, focal type, and length
w. scan plan variables
x. wedge natural refracted angle
y. scanner and adhering and guiding mechanism
z. indication data [i.e., position in weld, length, and characterization (e.g., crack,
lack of fusion, lack of penetration, or inclusion)]
aa. the final display processing levels
bb. supplemental manual technique(s) indication data, if applicable [same
information as (y)]

Figure 1: CALIBRATION BLOCKS

APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT

APPENDIX 2 – CALIBATION REPORT

Calibration Record of Phased-Array Instrument Report:
Page OF
PAUT Instrument PAUT Search Unit
Model Model
Equip. ID No Serial Number
Serial Number Element Q’ty
Cal. Block No. Pitch
Display Height Linearity Amplitude Control Linearity
Small Allowed Allowed
Large (%) Small Actual (%) Ind. Height dB
Range Range
100 47-53 40 +1 42-47
90 42-48 40 +2 48-52
80 40 40 40 +4 60-66
70 32-38 40 +6 77-83
60 27-33 100 +8 47-53
50 22-28
40 17-23
30 12-18
20 7-13
10 2-8
Amplitude Control Linearity Channel Results: (Note any channels that do not fail in the allowed range)
Channel (Add more if required for 32 or 64 pulser-receiver units)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time-Base Linearity (IIW blocks)

Multiple 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thickness
Measured Interval
Allowed deviation
± 0.5mm (Yes/No)
Probe Element Activity Chart: Enter Receiver Gain for 80 % FSH
Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Remark
Gain
Active([spcap]) Allowed Gain
Variation: ±2dB
Inactive (x)
Result of Calibration
Acceptable for Use Not Acceptable for Use Recalibration Due
Date
Calibrated by Level Reviewed & Approved by Level

APPENDIX 3 – SCAN PLAN (Attachment)

PAUT Ultrasonic Testing Procedure ASME - SVDN Rev 01E

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PAUT Ultrasonic Testing Procedure ASME - SVDN Rev 01E

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ALPHA INSPECTION JSC (ALPHANDT)

No. 37, Road No. A4 , Ward 12 , Tan Binh District ,

PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC TESTING

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018

01E 13.07.2020 Issued for Approval P.X.VINH H.T.TINH

Purpose Prepared by Approved by

REVISION RECORD SHEET

No. Rev. No. Content of revision Date

1 01E Issued for Approval 13.07.2020

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 2 of 29

1.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 REFERENCE ............................................................................................................ 4

3.0 PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 4

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ............................................................................. 8

5.0 EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................ 8

6.0 CALIBRATION BLOCKS/ SCANNER BLOCK .................................................... 12

7.0 TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................................ 12

8.0 CALIBRATION ...................................................................................................... 12

10.0 SIZING METHOD OF FLAW LENGTH. ............................................................... 18

11.0 DISCRIMINATION GEOMETRIC OF FLAW INDICATIONS ............................. 19

12.0 SCAN PLAN ........................................................................................................... 23

13.0 RECORDING/EVALUATION LEVEL .................................................................. 23

14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .................................................................................... 23

15.0 DOCUMENTATION .............................................................................................. 24

16.0 RECORDS .............................................................................................................. 24

Figure 1: CALIBRATION BLOCKS .................................................................................. 26

APPENDIX 1 - PAUT REPORT......................................................................................... 27

APPENDIX 2 – CALIBATION REPORT .......................................................................... 28

APPENDIX 3 – SCAN PLAN ............................................................................................ 29

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 3 of 29

3.0 PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS

Phased Array Ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 4 of 29

Table 3.1 : Requirements of an Phased Array Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

Weld configurations examined, including joint design

13 Wedge height X 12.0

14 Wedge roof angle, if applicable X 12.0

15 Wedge type (solid wedge, water column, etc.) X 5.2, 12.0

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 5 of 29

Scanning technique (automated vs.

61 Post-exam cleaning X 9.5

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 6 of 29

GENERAL NOTE: NA = not applicable.

When procedure qualification is specified by the referencing Code Section, a change of a

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 7 of 29

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

5.1 PHASED ARRAY INSTRUMENT.

OLYMPUS MX AND MX2 as specification as table 5.1 shall be used.

Table 5.1: PHASED ARRAY EQUIMENT MAINFRAME AND PHASED ARRAY

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 8 of 29

Brightness 700 cd/m2

5.2 PHASED ARRAY PROBES AND WEDGE:

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 9 of 29

- The detail of probes (size, number of element, frequency…) shall be described in

(2) Minimum contour for examinations performed from I.D.

5.3 SOFTWARE ANALISYS

Table 5.3: Software Analysis Specification

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 10 of 29

The couplant used is water, cellulose paste or grease

5.5 SCANNING MECHANISMS

Semi-auto scanner shall be used

Line scanning techniques shall be used

Document No.: 191364-PTSC-08-QC-2018 Rev. 01E Page 11 of 29