Real Fluid

Real Fluids are compressible in nature. They have some viscosity and Surface tension. It
implies friction effects. All kind of Fluid are real fluid such as Petrol, water etc.

Real fluid: Fluid that have viscosity (μ > 0) and their motion known as viscous flow.

All the fluids in actual practice are real fluids.

A real fluid in which the shear stress is directly proportional to rate of shear strain (or
velocity gradient).

Ideal Fluid

A fluid is a gas or liquid that, unlike a solid, flows to assume the shape of the container
in which it is placed. This occurs because a fluid responds to a shear stress, or a force per
unit area directed along the face of a cube of fluid, by flowing, rather than by an elastic
displacement as in a solid.

Ideal fluid

An ideal fluid is a fluid that has several properties including the fact that it is:

• Incompressible – the density is constant

• Irrotational – the flow is smooth, no turbulence

• Nonviscous – (Inviscid) fluid has no internal friction ( η = 0)

Ideal fluid do not actually exist in nature, but sometimes used for fluid flow problems.

Viscosity

Viscosity, resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of

neighboring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. The
reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Molasses,
for example, has a greater viscosity than water. Because part of a fluid that is forced to
move carries along to some extent adjacent parts, viscosity may be thought of as internal
friction between the molecules; such friction opposes the development of velocity
differences within a fluid. Viscosity is a major factor in determining the forces that must
be overcome when fluids are used in lubrication and transported in pipelines. It controls
the liquid flow in such processes as spraying, injection molding, and surface coating.