Final year outline Definations

Capital structure
the particular distribution of debt and equity that makes up the finances of a company.
A firm's capital structure is the composition or 'structure' of its liabilities. For example, a
firm that has $20 billion in equity and $80 billion in debt is said to be 20% equity-financed
and 80% debt-financed. ... In reality, capital structure may be highly complex and include
dozens of sources of capital.
 JOINT venture
 is known as an association formed by two or more entities, having a separate legal identity,
to achieve specific business objectives. On the other hand, a
 Strategic alliance
 is an arrangement between two or more companies who work together to carry out a certain
objective.
Business concern
a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it
he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business";

Stakeholder
 is a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be affected by the
business. 
examples of key stakeholders are creditors, directors, employees, government (and its
agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the
business draws its resources

4ps
The marketing mix in marketing strategy: Product, price, place and promotion.  

Importance
the way in which you take a new product or service to market. It helps you to define your
marketing options in terms of price, product, promotion, and place so that your offering
meets a specific customer need or demand.

Distribution channels 

can include wholesalers, retailers, distributors, and even the Internet.

 Direct selling;
 Selling through intermediaries;
 Dual distribution; and.
 Reverse channels.
 Operational Plan
is a highly detailed plan that provides a clear picture of how a team, section or department
will contribute to the achievement of the organisation's goals. The operational plan maps out
the day-to-day tasks required to run a business and cover.

Hierarchy
 is a way to structure an organization using different levels of authority and a vertical link, or
chain of command, between superior and subordinate levels of the organization.

Diversified business
 If your investments are diversified, it means you have put money in more than one place:
real estate, stocks, bonds, race horses, gold, alligator farms, and so on.

Product line
 is a group of related products all marketed under a single brand name that is sold by the
same company. 

Market size
 is the number of individuals in a certain market segment who are potential buyers.
Companies should determine market size before launching a new product or service.

Various Techniques of Decision Making
 Group Discussions.
 Brainstorming.
 Delphi technique.
 Marginal Analysis.
 Cost-Benefit Analysis.
 Ratio Analysis.
 Financial Analysis.

Every leader prefers a different way to contemplate a decision. The four styles of decision

making are directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. Each style is a different method
of weighing alternatives and examining solutions.

Centralize
concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority.

Decentralize
In a decentralized organization, lower levels in the organizational hierarchy can make
decisions. An example of a decentralized organization is a fast-food franchise chain. Each
franchised restaurant in the chain is responsible for its own operation.