READING

Read the passage out loud. The bolded words will be covered in this lesson.

Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way
around, the store cashier who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a
bribe: everybody’s at it. Cheaters in the news include the scientist whose research was based on
fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million
dollars and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody
cheats!

Is cheating acceptable? Is it a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that
should be frowned upon, and something young people should be discouraged from doing? If it’s the
latter, then how can we explain to children why so many folks bend the rules?

NEW SKILLS
Using adjective + preposition combinations.
Examples:

You are capable of becoming a fluent English speaker.

Please be kind to everyone in the world.
I’m annoyed with all the crazy drivers on the streets.
Are you familiar with any of the online English learning websites?
come up with 5-6 sentences using the phrases above

Tip: You may be wondering how you can learn these combinations. Unfortunately, there are no
defined rules. You will have to memorize them individually through repetition and practice.
Examples:

You’re not allowed to speak aloud in the library.

I ate eight slices of pizza.
The bear scratched the tree bare.
It would be fun to fly like a bee.
Come up with 3-4 sentences using the homophone pairs above

VOCABULARY
Go over the vocabulary and expressions below with your tutor. Try using each in a sentence.

cheater
Noun; a person or thing that cheats. - cheaters, Slang.
eyeglasses; spectacles
discourage
discourage verb (MAKE LESS CONFIDENT) - to cause someone to feel less confident or less
hopeful:
She sometimes got discouraged about her social life, which was going nowhere, she felt.
bribe
Noun; the act of giving someone money or something else of value, often illegally, to persuade that
person to do something you want:
Congressmen have been accused of accepting bribes to pass bills favoring particular companies.
-
Verb; to give someone money or something else of value, often illegally, to persuade that person to
do something you want:
He was accused of bribing a building inspector
-
Verb; to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents, or something
else that they want :
He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally.
-
They bribed the waiter to find them a better table.
More examples
He discovered that certain corrupt officials had been bribed to approve shoddy construction work.
Apparently various prominent businessmen had been bribing the minister for favours.
He bribed the children with sweets and pocket money not to tell their mum what he'd done.
"You can have my chocolate bar if you'll tell me the answer." "Are you trying to bribe me?"
They should not have been allowed over the border, but somehow they managed to bribe the
guards.
frowned on / upon
phrasal verb with frown verb; to disapprove of something:
Smoking is frowned upon in many societies.
bend the rules
to break the rules in a way that you consider unimportant or not harmful:
You’ve got to know when to bend the rules a little.
trick
Noun; (ACT OF DECEIVING) an action intended to deceive, either as a way of cheating someone
or as a joke or form of entertainment:
He showed us some card tricks.
-
Noun; (METHOD) a quick or effective way of doing something:
What’s the trick to pulling out this sofa bed?
-
Adjective; trick adjective [not gradable] (WEAK)
(of a part of the body, esp. a joint) sometimes feeling weak suddenly and unexpectedly:
I’ve had a trick knee ever since I played football.
-
verb; (DECEIVE) to make someone believe something that is not true, or to persuade someone to
do something based on a false understanding of the facts:
She tricked me into telling her what I was up to.
the long way around
an indirect route - collaborate
Verb; collaborate verb; (WORK WITH) to work together or with someone else for a special purpose:
Rodgers and Hammerstein collaborated on a number of successful musicals for the Broadway
stage.
whether
Conjunction; (used to refer to one or more possibilities or to express uncertainty)
if:
I didn’t know whether he was too busy or (whether) he just didn’t want to see me.
I wasn’t sure whether (or not) you’d like it.
forged
Verb; forge verb (COPY ILLEGALLY) to make an illegal copy of something in order to deceive:
He was accused of forging his father’s signature on the check.
-
verb; (MAKE) to make or produce, esp. with difficulty:
Mr. Baker had worked for months to forge a peace plan that both sides could accept.
-
verb; (MOVE) to move forward in a determined way although progress is difficult:
The group forged ahead with their plans to stage a protest in Washington.
-
Noun; (WORK AREA) a working area with a fire for heating metal until it is soft enough to be beaten
into different shapes:
a blacksmith’s forge

EXERCISE
Pick the best adj + prep combination to complete the sentence.
● My opinion is (1) attached to / based on my experience as an educator.
● My dog is (2) jealous of / opposed to every other dog that comes in my house.
● My niece (my brothers daughter) is so (3) excited about / aware of starting college next year.
● They are (4) related to / aware of the tricks people play on others.
● I think bending the rules is (5) different from / used to breaking the rules.

Choose the homophone that makes sense in the sentence.

● The pet store tricked some dog owners into buying (6) flea/flee powder that was expired.
● Whether he wins an award or not, the actor played an amazing (7) roll/role in his new movie.
● Some taxi drivers take their passengers the long way around to receive a higher (8) fare/fair.
● Even taking a small bribe is (9) breaking/braking the law.
● The students have to collaborate on a team project during the (10) coarse/course.

Make a sentence using the adj & prep. Try to use some of the words and phrases
from the vocabulary list above.
● guilty of A lot of people are guilty of bending the rules.
● afraid of ______________________________________________________.
● suitable for ___________________________________________________.
 ● sick of _______________________________________________________.
● angry about ___________________________________________________.

Identify the incorrectly used homophone and replace it with the correct one.
● The whether is currently sunny and 35 here in Bangkok, Thailand. weather
● Cheaters bare the guilt of their bad actions. (11) _________________
● People knead to be discouraged from forging signatures on bank checks. (12) ____________
● The public official aloud the organization to bribe him. (13) ___________
● It’s frowned on to stair at people in public places. (14) ____________

Answer Key:
(1) based on
(2) jealous of
(3) excited about
(4) aware of
(5) different from
(6) flea
(7) role
(8) fare
(9) breaking
(10) course
(11) bear
(12) need
(13) allowed
(14) stare
The term flea market originated with the French marché aux puces. It translates "market of the
fleas" and referred to the likely flea-infested used merchandise. ... They set up and sell their goods
from designated spaces called booths or stalls, which they rent from the flea market owners or
organizers.